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Book Chapters

Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.

Filter Total Items: 6158

The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to concentrate inducers of fish hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO): Chapter 12 The use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) to concentrate inducers of fish hepatic mixed function oxygenase (MFO): Chapter 12

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are sampling and concentrating devices comprised of a thin polyethylene membrane containing a small quantity of triolein. They have previously been used to sample air, water and sediments and have concentrated fish tainting compounds from pulp mill effluents. The ability to induce mixed function oxygenases (MFOs) is a property of a variety of...
Authors
Joanne L. Parrott, Donald E. Tillitt

Detecting contaminant-induced apoptosis and necrosis in lake trout thymocytes via flow cytometry. Detecting contaminant-induced apoptosis and necrosis in lake trout thymocytes via flow cytometry.

This chapter details the cytofluorometric techniques employed to assess levels of active (apoptosis) and passive (necrotic) cell death in untreated and contaminant-treated fish thymocytes. The thymus is believed to be a central component of hematopoiesis and immune function in teleosts (Abelli et al., 1996). Hence, chemically-elicited adverse effects to the thymus may result in...
Authors
Leonard I. Sweet, Dora R. Passino-Reader, Peter G. Meier, Geneva M. Omann

Distribution and mobility of molybdenum in the terrestrial environment Distribution and mobility of molybdenum in the terrestrial environment

Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential element for many plants and animals (Newton and Otsuka, 1980). Because of its chemical properties, Mo readily provides sites for reactions and catalysis in biochemical systems (Haight and Boston, 1973). It is therefore important to understand the processes that control the distribution, speciation, and behavior of Mo in the surficial environment. These...
Authors
Kathleen S. Smith, Laurie S. Balistrieri, Steven M. Smith, Ronald C. Severson

Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe Sulfur isotope analyses using the laser microprobe

Since the first studies of sulfur isotope variations in natural materials (Thode, 1949), it has been apparent that there are large and dramatic variations of 34S/32S ratios and that sulfur isotope studies are a powerful tool for interpreting the origins of sulfur-bearing minerals. However, sulfur is such a common element in the Earth's crust (sixteenth most abundant, averaging 0.03 wt %...
Authors
W.C. Pat Shanks, D.E. Crowe, Craig A. Johnson

Deep regional resistivity structure across the Carlin Trend Deep regional resistivity structure across the Carlin Trend

The genesis of gold deposits along the Carlin trend is not fully understood. Many of the significant mineral deposits in the Carlin trend were formed during the Tertiary as a result of interrelated high-angle basin-and-range faulting, intrusive igneous activity, and hydrothermal processes (Radtke, 1985). According to Shawe (1991), the linearity of the gold deposits along the Carlin trend...
Authors
Brian D. Rodriguez

Obsidian hydration dating Obsidian hydration dating

No abstract available.
Authors
Irving Friedman, Fred W. Trembour, Richard E. Hughes

Design and implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: a United States example: understanding the limitations of using compliance-monitoring data to assess the water quality of a large river basin Design and implementation of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program: a United States example: understanding the limitations of using compliance-monitoring data to assess the water quality of a large river basin

In the 1980s it was determined that existing ambient and compliance-monitoring data could not satisfactorily evaluate the results of hundreds of billions of dollars spent for water-pollution abatement in the United States. At the request of the US Congress, a new programme, the National Water-Quality Assessment, was designed and implemented by government agency, the US Geological Survey...
Authors
David J. Wangsness

Sodium sulphate in the glass industry Sodium sulphate in the glass industry

No abstract available.
Authors
Dennis S. Kostick
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