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Earthquake Hazards Program images.

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Graph with 'Period (s)' on the x-axis and 'Spectral Acceleration (g)' on the y-axis.  There are several lines plotted in different colors: 'Rock Att. Relationship' in red, 'Soil Att. Relationship' in blue, and 'EQ Moquegua record' in green.
Spectral Accelerations (Youngs et al., 1997)
Spectral Accelerations (Youngs et al., 1997)
Spectral Accelerations (Youngs et al., 1997)

Predicted Spectral Accelerations by the Youngs et al. (1997) Attenuation Relationship 

Diagram showing an oceanic ridge forming as the lithosphere separates
Oceanic Spreading
Oceanic Spreading
Oceanic Spreading

An oceanic spreading ridge is the fracture zone along the ocean bottom where molten mantle material comes to the surface, thus creating new crust. This fracture can be seen beneath the ocean as a line of ridges that form as molten rock reaches the ocean bottom and solidifies.

An oceanic spreading ridge is the fracture zone along the ocean bottom where molten mantle material comes to the surface, thus creating new crust. This fracture can be seen beneath the ocean as a line of ridges that form as molten rock reaches the ocean bottom and solidifies.

Map showing the ring of fire in red from the east side of Australia, up the east side of Asia, down the west coast of North America, and down the west coast of South America.
Ring of Fire
Ring of Fire
Ring of Fire

The "Ring of Fire", also called the Circum-Pacific belt, is the zone of earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean- about 90% of the world's earthquakes occur there. The next most seismic region (5-6% of earthquakes) is the Alpide belt (extends from Mediterranean region, eastward through Turkey, Iran, and northern India.

The "Ring of Fire", also called the Circum-Pacific belt, is the zone of earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean- about 90% of the world's earthquakes occur there. The next most seismic region (5-6% of earthquakes) is the Alpide belt (extends from Mediterranean region, eastward through Turkey, Iran, and northern India.

Map of the continuous United States with dots marking seismic events, with the majority of seismicity on the west coast
Seismicity of the United States 1975-1995
Seismicity of the United States 1975-1995
Seismicity of the United States 1975-1995

Seismicity of the United States 1975-1995. Seismicity refers to the geographic and historical distribution of earthquakes.

ShakeMap with a color gradient to display directivity after an earthquake.
ShakeMap Directivity Map
ShakeMap Directivity Map
ShakeMap Directivity Map

This ShakeMap of the January 17, 1994 M6.7 Northridge earthquake shaking shows the result of rupture directivity toward the north.

This ShakeMap of the January 17, 1994 M6.7 Northridge earthquake shaking shows the result of rupture directivity toward the north.

Image: Northridge, CA Earthquake Damage
Northridge, CA Earthquake Damage
Northridge, CA Earthquake Damage
Northridge, CA Earthquake Damage

Collection of USGS still images taken after the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake highlighting the damage to buildings and infrastructure.

Collection of USGS still images taken after the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake highlighting the damage to buildings and infrastructure.

Photo showing a crack in the brown ground with a mountain in the background.
Active Emerson Fault
Active Emerson Fault
Active Emerson Fault

The Emerson fault, one of the segments that ruptured in the M7.2 1992 Landers, Calfornia earthquake. 

The Emerson fault, one of the segments that ruptured in the M7.2 1992 Landers, Calfornia earthquake. 

Slip model with a rainbow color gradient showing the slip over the depth and distance along strike
1992 M7.2 Landers, California Earthquake Slip Model
1992 M7.2 Landers, California Earthquake Slip Model
1992 M7.2 Landers, California Earthquake Slip Model

1992 M7.2 Landers, California earthquake slip model

A slip model is a kinematic model that describes the amount, distribution, and timing of slip associated with an earthquake.

1992 M7.2 Landers, California earthquake slip model

A slip model is a kinematic model that describes the amount, distribution, and timing of slip associated with an earthquake.

Photo shows the major collapse of a building following an earthquake, the building has fallen onto and crushed a car completely.
Loma Prieta earthquake, Marina District
Loma Prieta earthquake, Marina District
Loma Prieta earthquake, Marina District

An automobile lies crushed under the third story of this apartment building in the Marina District. The ground levels are no longer visible because of structural failure and sinking due to liquefaction.

An automobile lies crushed under the third story of this apartment building in the Marina District. The ground levels are no longer visible because of structural failure and sinking due to liquefaction.

Diagram of cross-sections with labelled gaps in the San Andreas Fault
Cross-Sections of Seismicity Along the San Andreas Fault
Cross-Sections of Seismicity Along the San Andreas Fault
Cross-Sections of Seismicity Along the San Andreas Fault

Cross-Sections of Seismicity Along the San Andreas Fault from "Lessons learned from the Loma Prieta, California, earthquake of October 17, 1989"

Image: Damaged Building
Damaged Building
Damaged Building
Damaged Building

A downtown building at the corner of Alice and 13th Streets lost part of its unreinforced facade and brick masonry.

A downtown building at the corner of Alice and 13th Streets lost part of its unreinforced facade and brick masonry.

Outline of California showing the line of the San Andreas
Segmentation of the San Andreas Fault
Segmentation of the San Andreas Fault
Segmentation of the San Andreas Fault

The segments of the San Andreas Fault, and the probability for strong shaking in the next 30 years on each segment. 

The segments of the San Andreas Fault, and the probability for strong shaking in the next 30 years on each segment. 

Image: San Andreas Fault in SE Coachella Valley
San Andreas Fault in SE Coachella Valley
San Andreas Fault in SE Coachella Valley
San Andreas Fault in SE Coachella Valley

Oblique aerial view of San Andreas Fault (between white arrows) in southeastern Coachella Valley, near Red Canyon; view to the west.

 

Oblique aerial view of San Andreas Fault (between white arrows) in southeastern Coachella Valley, near Red Canyon; view to the west.

 

Seismogram showing waves
Harmonic Tremor
Harmonic Tremor
Harmonic Tremor

During the first week of April a different type of seismic signature was showing up on seismograms from Mount St. Helens. On April 1 the first weak harmonic tremor was detected. Stronger bursts of harmonic tremor were recorded on the 2nd. The seismogram above is an example of harmonic tremor recorded at seismic station RAN on April 2.

During the first week of April a different type of seismic signature was showing up on seismograms from Mount St. Helens. On April 1 the first weak harmonic tremor was detected. Stronger bursts of harmonic tremor were recorded on the 2nd. The seismogram above is an example of harmonic tremor recorded at seismic station RAN on April 2.

9 sets of two vectors
Moment Tensor
Moment Tensor
Moment Tensor

The nine generalized couples of the seismic moment tensor. Modified after Aki and Richards (1980).

The nine generalized couples of the seismic moment tensor. Modified after Aki and Richards (1980).

Black and white side-view photo of Charles Richter looking at a paper on a desk
Charles Richter
Charles Richter
Charles Richter

Charles Richter, inventor of the Richter Scale.

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and the structure of the earth, by both naturally and artificially generated seismic waves.

Charles Richter, inventor of the Richter Scale.

Seismology is the study of earthquakes and the structure of the earth, by both naturally and artificially generated seismic waves.

Photo of a deformed rock with folds and cracks, with a rock hammer for scale and labelled "P Gore 1976".
Deformation Example - Deformed Rock
Deformation Example - Deformed Rock
Deformation Example - Deformed Rock

Photo of deformed rock. Deformation is a change in the original shape of a material. When we are talking about earthquakes, deformation is due to stress and strain.

Photo of deformed rock. Deformation is a change in the original shape of a material. When we are talking about earthquakes, deformation is due to stress and strain.

Illustration showing distance, magnitude, and amplitude used in the Richter scale
Richter Scale
Richter Scale
Richter Scale

The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs.

The Richter magnitude scale was developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology as a mathematical device to compare the size of earthquakes. The magnitude of an earthquake is determined from the logarithm of the amplitude of waves recorded by seismographs.

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