Various stressors including temperature, environmental chemicals, and toxins can have profound impacts on immunity to pathogens. Increased eutrophication near rivers and lakes coupled with climate change are predicted to lead to increased algal blooms. Currently, the effects of cyanobacterial toxins on disease resistance in mammals is a largely unexplored area of research. Recent studies have suggested that freshwater cyanotoxins can elicit immunomodulation through interaction with specific components of innate immunity, thus potentially altering disease susceptibility parameters for fish, wildlife, and human health owing to the conserved nature of the vertebrate immune system. In this study, we investigated the effects of three microcystin congeners (LR, LA, and RR), nodularin-R, and cylindrospermopsin for their ability to directly interact with nine different human Toll-like receptors (TLRs)—key pathogen recognition receptors for innate immunity. Toxin concentrations were verified by LC/MS/MS prior to use. Using an established HEK293-hTLR NF-κB reporter assay, we concluded that none of the tested toxins (29–90 nM final concentration) directly interacted with human TLRs in either an agonistic or antagonistic manner. These results suggest that earlier reports of cyanotoxin-induced NF-κB responses likely occur through different surface receptors to mediate inflammation.
Citation Information
| Publication Year | 2021 |
|---|---|
| Title | Neither microcystin, nor nodularin, nor cylindrospermopsin directly interact with human toll-like receptors |
| DOI | 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129623 |
| Authors | John Hansen, Keith Loftin, Zachary Laughrey, Ondrei Adamovsky |
| Publication Type | Article |
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Series Title | Chemosphere |
| Index ID | 70217721 |
| Record Source | USGS Publications Warehouse |
| USGS Organization | Western Fisheries Research Center |
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Cyanobacterial toxin effects on inflammatory response of human toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Various stressors including temperature, environmental chemicals and toxins can have profound impacts on immunity to pathogens. It is believed that increased eutrophication near rivers and lakes coupled with climate change are predicted to lead to increased algal blooms. Currently, the effects of cyanobacterial toxins on disease resistance in mammals is a largely unexplored area of research. Impor - Connect