Source and longevity of streambed sediment and phosphorus retention in a lake-plain tributary of the Maumee River

We described abundance and source of soft, fine-grained, streambed sediment and associated phosphorus (sed-P) during summer low flow in Little Flatrock Creek (LFR), a channelized tributary of the Maumee River and western Lake Erie. Reach-level assessments compared streambed-sediment storage to streambank erosion. Streambed sediment was fingerprinted and analyzed for sed-P and the potential for P de/sorption between the water column and streambed sediment. The ratio of two fallout radionuclides apportioned “new sediment” in streambed storage. Basin-wide streambed-sediment storage exceeded both annual streambank erosion and the annual suspended-sediment load. Streambed sediment was generally a mix of streambank and cropland sources and each equaled or exceeded abundance of new streambed sediment, indicating accumulation of sediment from both sources during the current agricultural cycle. The implication is that this mix of new and old sediment, and legacy P, takes multiple events and seasons to be transported downstream. Streambed sediment had the potential to adsorb dissolved P (DP) from the water column, with sed-P stored in the silt + clay fraction similar to the annual particulate-P (total-dissolved) load transported with suspended sediment, but with lower concentrations than cropland- and streambank-sourced sediment. This indicates supplementation of water-column DP as sediment settles to the bottom and a lag between land and channel management and in-channel P availability. Storage of fine-grained sediment and sed-P in this lake-plain/bed basin is distinct from another Maumee headwater tributary with glacial-moraine controlled geomorphology. The implication is that streambank erosion, in-channel sediment accumulation, and the resultant total-dissolved-sediment P spiral differ based on geomorphic setting and drainage history.