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Amy Foxgrover

Geographer at the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Science and Products

San Francisco Bay, California, consists of several subembayments. North Bay consists of Honker, Suisun, and Grizzly Bays.

San Francisco Bay Bathymetry

Bathymetry of a dynamic tidal estuary, such as San Francisco Bay, provides the observable linkage between anthropogenic modifications of the landscape—such as evolving land use practices, flood control, and water diversions—and natural forces of climate-driven river flow, sea level change, tides, and wind. By examining our record of hydrographic surveys, spanning over 150 years, we can gain...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary
San Francisco Bay Bathymetry

San Francisco Bay Bathymetry

Bathymetry of a dynamic tidal estuary, such as San Francisco Bay, provides the observable linkage between anthropogenic modifications of the landscape—such as evolving land use practices, flood control, and water diversions—and natural forces of climate-driven river flow, sea level change, tides, and wind. By examining our record of hydrographic surveys, spanning over 150 years, we can gain...
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 15

Estimates of percent sand in cores collected in San Francisco Bay, California from 1990-2016 Estimates of percent sand in cores collected in San Francisco Bay, California from 1990-2016

The sediment core data presented here were compiled for use in a project studying the amount of sand either released from or stored within the bed sediments of San Francisco Bay, California from the 1980s to 2010s. Estimates of the change in sand storage in the bed sediments could be used in larger San Francisco Bay sand budget and transports studies as well as to inform management...
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

River margin and braid shapefiles digitized from aerial images of the Elwha River, Washington, 2006 to 2022 River margin and braid shapefiles digitized from aerial images of the Elwha River, Washington, 2006 to 2022

This dataset provides GIS shapefiles of river margins and braids derived from 30 aerial imagery datasets of the Elwha River, Washington spanning June 2006 through September 2022. The extent of the river’s recently active flow zone, or margins, and river braids was manually digitized in a GIS using aerial orthoimages to capture changes in the river prior to, during, and after the removal...
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022 Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022

Results of a survey of samples collected from 1930 to 2022 along the west coast of the United States from Alaska to San Diego, California as well as Honolulu, Hawaii for the presence of the Asian nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai.
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005 Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005

Here we present a time series of San Francisco Bay bathymetric grids created from historical hydrographic surveys collected by the National Ocean Service (NOS) and its predecessor, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, from the 1850s to 1980s and one additional survey of south San Francisco Bay collected in 2005 by Sea Surveyor, Inc. Using surface modeling software, the soundings...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Bathymetric change analysis in San Francisco Bay, California, from 1971 to 2020 Bathymetric change analysis in San Francisco Bay, California, from 1971 to 2020

This data release supersedes version 1.0, published in April 2023 at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y5PEV0. Versioning details are documented in the accompanying SFBay_BathyChange_VersionHistory.txt file. This data release provides bathymetric change grids of four geographic areas of San Francisco Bay, California, comparing digital elevation models (DEMs) created from bathymetric data...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Projections of shoreline change for California due to 21st century sea-level rise Projections of shoreline change for California due to 21st century sea-level rise

This dataset contains projections of shoreline change and uncertainty bands across California for future scenarios of sea-level rise (SLR). Projections were made using the Coastal Storm Modeling System - Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool (CoSMoS-COAST), a numerical model run in an ensemble forced with global-to-local nested wave models and assimilated with satellite-derived...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Foamy water runs across an empty paved road with a double-yellow line; in the background are trees and houses on a hill.
Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California
Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California
Foamy water runs across an empty paved road with a double-yellow line; in the background are trees and houses on a hill.

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Waves flood across a coastal road near Santa Cruz, California.

By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Communications and Publishing
Foamy water runs across an empty paved road with a double-yellow line; in the background are trees and houses on a hill.

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Waves flood across a coastal road near Santa Cruz, California.

By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Communications and Publishing
Filter Total Items: 21

Contributions of erosion, deposition, and human activities to a change in sand storage in the bed of San Francisco Bay, California, 1980s to 2010s Contributions of erosion, deposition, and human activities to a change in sand storage in the bed of San Francisco Bay, California, 1980s to 2010s

This study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides estimates of the change in sand storage in bed sediments from the 1980s to 2010s in the San Francisco Bay area, California. The study is part of a larger project called “Research to Understand Impacts of Bay Sand Mining on Sand Transport in San Francisco Bay and the Outer Coast” that has the goal of providing information for the...
Authors
Theresa A. Fregoso, Bruce E. Jaffe, Amy C. Foxgrover, Donald L. Woodrow, Bethany Kharrazi, Kevin Orzech
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic

Faced with accelerating sea level rise and changing ocean storm conditions, coastal communities require comprehensive assessments of climate-driven hazard impacts to inform adaptation measures. Previous studies have focused on flooding but rarely on other climate-related coastal hazards, such as subsidence, beach erosion and groundwater. Here, we project societal exposure to multiple...
Authors
Patrick L. Barnard, Kevin M. Befus, Jeffrey J. Danielson, Anita C Engelstad, Li H. Erikson, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Daniel J. Hoover, Tim Leijnse, Chris Massey, Robert T. McCall, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Kees Nederhoff, Andrea C. O'Neill, Kai Alexander Parker, Manoochehr Shirzaei, Leonard O. Ohenhen, Peter W Swarzenski, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Maarten van Ormondt, Sean Vitousek, Killian Vos, Nathan J. Wood, Jeanne M. Jones, Jamie Jones
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Recovery Activities

Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise

Coastal change is a complex combination of multi-scale processes (e.g., wave-driven cross-shore and longshore transport; dune, bluff, and cliff erosion; overwash; fluvial and inlet sediment supply; and sea-level-driven recession). Historical sea-level-driven coastal recession on open ocean coasts is often outpaced by wave-driven change. However, future sea-level-driven coastal recession...
Authors
Sean Vitousek, Kilian Vos, Kristen D. Splinter, Kai Alexander Parker, Andrea C. O'Neill, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Li H. Erikson, Patrick L. Barnard
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Remote sensing large-wood storage downstream of reservoirs during and after dam removal: Elwha River, Washington, USA Remote sensing large-wood storage downstream of reservoirs during and after dam removal: Elwha River, Washington, USA

Large wood is an integral part of many rivers, often defining river-corridor morphology and habitat, but its occurrence, magnitude, and evolution in a river system are much less well understood than the sedimentary and hydraulic components, and due to methodological limitations, have seldom previously been mapped in substantial detail. We present a new method for this, representing a...
Authors
Daniel D. Buscombe, Jonathan A. Warrick, Andrew C. Ritchie, Amy E. East, M. McHenry, Randall McCoy, Amy C. Foxgrover, E. Wohl
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Southwest Biological Science Center

Tropical or extratropical cyclones: What drives the compound flood hazard, impact, and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast? Tropical or extratropical cyclones: What drives the compound flood hazard, impact, and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast?

Subtropical coastlines are impacted by both tropical and extratropical cyclones. While both may lead to substantial damage to coastal communities, it is difficult to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to coastal flooding relative to that of extratropical cyclones. We conduct a large-scale flood hazard and impact assessment across the subtropical Southeast Atlantic Coast of...
Authors
Kees Nederhoff, Tim Leijnse, Kai Alexander Parker, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Andrea O’Neill, Maarten van Ormondt, Robert T. McCall, Li H. Erikson, Patrick L. Barnard, Amy C. Foxgrover, Wouter Klessens, Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo, Chris Massey
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Recovery Activities, Hurricanes

Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay

Alviso Slough in South San Francisco Bay has been experiencing restoration of adjacent former salt-production ponds into muted tidal ponds, tidal ponds, and salt marsh. As a result, tidal prism through Alviso Slough has increased and mercury-contaminated sediment has been remobilized. We developed a 2D, high-resolution, process-based model (Delft3D FM-wave) to hindcast observed morpho...
Authors
Mick Van der Wegen, Johan Reyns, Bruce E. Jaffe, Amy C. Foxgrover, Fernanda Achete, Mark C. Marvin-DiPasquale, Theresa A. Fregoso, Judy Nam, Jessica Lovering
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Forecasting Coastal Retreat Along U.S. South Atlantic Coast by Year 2100

Forecasting Coastal Retreat Along U.S. South Atlantic Coast by Year 2100

Coastal erosion is an increasingly urgent issue as rising seas and wave-driven processes reshape shorelines worldwide. New modeling by USGS combines...

Read Article
Intensified Coastal Hazards from Climate Change on U.S. Southeast Coast

Intensified Coastal Hazards from Climate Change on U.S. Southeast Coast

A study led by USGS outlines a multifaceted climate-driven crisis facing communities along the Southeast Atlantic coast of the United States. As sea...

Read Article
Remote-Sensing Large-Wood Storage Downstream from Reservoirs After Dam Removal

Remote-Sensing Large-Wood Storage Downstream from Reservoirs After Dam Removal

For nearly a century, two dams on the Elwha River blocked the natural flow of sediment and wood, leading to a highly altered river environment...

Read Article
The Complex Dynamics of Coastal Flooding along the Southeast U.S. Atlantic Coast

The Complex Dynamics of Coastal Flooding along the Southeast U.S. Atlantic Coast

New research led by Deltares, USGS, and USACE investigates the interplay between tropical and extratropical cyclones in driving coastal flooding along...

Read Article
Bathymetric Data Tracks Sediment Flux in San Francisco Bay

Bathymetric Data Tracks Sediment Flux in San Francisco Bay

New detailed analysis of bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) spanning much of San Francisco Bay reveals a net loss of sediment since the 1980s...

Read Article

Science and Products

San Francisco Bay, California, consists of several subembayments. North Bay consists of Honker, Suisun, and Grizzly Bays.

San Francisco Bay Bathymetry

Bathymetry of a dynamic tidal estuary, such as San Francisco Bay, provides the observable linkage between anthropogenic modifications of the landscape—such as evolving land use practices, flood control, and water diversions—and natural forces of climate-driven river flow, sea level change, tides, and wind. By examining our record of hydrographic surveys, spanning over 150 years, we can gain...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, San Francisco Bay and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta Estuary
San Francisco Bay Bathymetry

San Francisco Bay Bathymetry

Bathymetry of a dynamic tidal estuary, such as San Francisco Bay, provides the observable linkage between anthropogenic modifications of the landscape—such as evolving land use practices, flood control, and water diversions—and natural forces of climate-driven river flow, sea level change, tides, and wind. By examining our record of hydrographic surveys, spanning over 150 years, we can gain...
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 15

Estimates of percent sand in cores collected in San Francisco Bay, California from 1990-2016 Estimates of percent sand in cores collected in San Francisco Bay, California from 1990-2016

The sediment core data presented here were compiled for use in a project studying the amount of sand either released from or stored within the bed sediments of San Francisco Bay, California from the 1980s to 2010s. Estimates of the change in sand storage in the bed sediments could be used in larger San Francisco Bay sand budget and transports studies as well as to inform management...
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

River margin and braid shapefiles digitized from aerial images of the Elwha River, Washington, 2006 to 2022 River margin and braid shapefiles digitized from aerial images of the Elwha River, Washington, 2006 to 2022

This dataset provides GIS shapefiles of river margins and braids derived from 30 aerial imagery datasets of the Elwha River, Washington spanning June 2006 through September 2022. The extent of the river’s recently active flow zone, or margins, and river braids was manually digitized in a GIS using aerial orthoimages to capture changes in the river prior to, during, and after the removal...
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022 Survey of sites for the presence of the nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai along the west coast of North America from 1930 to 2022

Results of a survey of samples collected from 1930 to 2022 along the west coast of the United States from Alaska to San Diego, California as well as Honolulu, Hawaii for the presence of the Asian nonindigenous benthic foraminifera Trochammina hadai.
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005 Historical bathymetry and bathymetric change within San Francisco Bay, California: 1855 to 2005

Here we present a time series of San Francisco Bay bathymetric grids created from historical hydrographic surveys collected by the National Ocean Service (NOS) and its predecessor, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, from the 1850s to 1980s and one additional survey of south San Francisco Bay collected in 2005 by Sea Surveyor, Inc. Using surface modeling software, the soundings...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Bathymetric change analysis in San Francisco Bay, California, from 1971 to 2020 Bathymetric change analysis in San Francisco Bay, California, from 1971 to 2020

This data release supersedes version 1.0, published in April 2023 at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9Y5PEV0. Versioning details are documented in the accompanying SFBay_BathyChange_VersionHistory.txt file. This data release provides bathymetric change grids of four geographic areas of San Francisco Bay, California, comparing digital elevation models (DEMs) created from bathymetric data...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Projections of shoreline change for California due to 21st century sea-level rise Projections of shoreline change for California due to 21st century sea-level rise

This dataset contains projections of shoreline change and uncertainty bands across California for future scenarios of sea-level rise (SLR). Projections were made using the Coastal Storm Modeling System - Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool (CoSMoS-COAST), a numerical model run in an ensemble forced with global-to-local nested wave models and assimilated with satellite-derived...
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Foamy water runs across an empty paved road with a double-yellow line; in the background are trees and houses on a hill.
Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California
Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California
Foamy water runs across an empty paved road with a double-yellow line; in the background are trees and houses on a hill.

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Waves flood across a coastal road near Santa Cruz, California.

By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Communications and Publishing
Foamy water runs across an empty paved road with a double-yellow line; in the background are trees and houses on a hill.

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Flooded Coastal Road Santa Cruz County California

Waves flood across a coastal road near Santa Cruz, California.

By
Natural Hazards Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Communications and Publishing
Filter Total Items: 21

Contributions of erosion, deposition, and human activities to a change in sand storage in the bed of San Francisco Bay, California, 1980s to 2010s Contributions of erosion, deposition, and human activities to a change in sand storage in the bed of San Francisco Bay, California, 1980s to 2010s

This study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides estimates of the change in sand storage in bed sediments from the 1980s to 2010s in the San Francisco Bay area, California. The study is part of a larger project called “Research to Understand Impacts of Bay Sand Mining on Sand Transport in San Francisco Bay and the Outer Coast” that has the goal of providing information for the...
Authors
Theresa A. Fregoso, Bruce E. Jaffe, Amy C. Foxgrover, Donald L. Woodrow, Bethany Kharrazi, Kevin Orzech
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic Projections of multiple climate-related coastal hazards for the US Southeast Atlantic

Faced with accelerating sea level rise and changing ocean storm conditions, coastal communities require comprehensive assessments of climate-driven hazard impacts to inform adaptation measures. Previous studies have focused on flooding but rarely on other climate-related coastal hazards, such as subsidence, beach erosion and groundwater. Here, we project societal exposure to multiple...
Authors
Patrick L. Barnard, Kevin M. Befus, Jeffrey J. Danielson, Anita C Engelstad, Li H. Erikson, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Daniel J. Hoover, Tim Leijnse, Chris Massey, Robert T. McCall, Norberto Nadal-Caraballo, Kees Nederhoff, Andrea C. O'Neill, Kai Alexander Parker, Manoochehr Shirzaei, Leonard O. Ohenhen, Peter W Swarzenski, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Maarten van Ormondt, Sean Vitousek, Killian Vos, Nathan J. Wood, Jeanne M. Jones, Jamie Jones
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Recovery Activities

Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise Scalable, data-assimilated models predict large-scale shoreline response to waves and sea-level rise

Coastal change is a complex combination of multi-scale processes (e.g., wave-driven cross-shore and longshore transport; dune, bluff, and cliff erosion; overwash; fluvial and inlet sediment supply; and sea-level-driven recession). Historical sea-level-driven coastal recession on open ocean coasts is often outpaced by wave-driven change. However, future sea-level-driven coastal recession...
Authors
Sean Vitousek, Kilian Vos, Kristen D. Splinter, Kai Alexander Parker, Andrea C. O'Neill, Amy C. Foxgrover, Maya Kumari Hayden, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Li H. Erikson, Patrick L. Barnard
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center

Remote sensing large-wood storage downstream of reservoirs during and after dam removal: Elwha River, Washington, USA Remote sensing large-wood storage downstream of reservoirs during and after dam removal: Elwha River, Washington, USA

Large wood is an integral part of many rivers, often defining river-corridor morphology and habitat, but its occurrence, magnitude, and evolution in a river system are much less well understood than the sedimentary and hydraulic components, and due to methodological limitations, have seldom previously been mapped in substantial detail. We present a new method for this, representing a...
Authors
Daniel D. Buscombe, Jonathan A. Warrick, Andrew C. Ritchie, Amy E. East, M. McHenry, Randall McCoy, Amy C. Foxgrover, E. Wohl
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Southwest Biological Science Center

Tropical or extratropical cyclones: What drives the compound flood hazard, impact, and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast? Tropical or extratropical cyclones: What drives the compound flood hazard, impact, and risk for the United States Southeast Atlantic coast?

Subtropical coastlines are impacted by both tropical and extratropical cyclones. While both may lead to substantial damage to coastal communities, it is difficult to determine the contribution of tropical cyclones to coastal flooding relative to that of extratropical cyclones. We conduct a large-scale flood hazard and impact assessment across the subtropical Southeast Atlantic Coast of...
Authors
Kees Nederhoff, Tim Leijnse, Kai Alexander Parker, Jennifer Anne Thomas, Andrea O’Neill, Maarten van Ormondt, Robert T. McCall, Li H. Erikson, Patrick L. Barnard, Amy C. Foxgrover, Wouter Klessens, Norberto C. Nadal-Caraballo, Chris Massey
By
Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Recovery Activities, Hurricanes

Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay Successful hindcast of 7 years of mud morphodynamics influenced by salt pond restoration in south San Francisco Bay

Alviso Slough in South San Francisco Bay has been experiencing restoration of adjacent former salt-production ponds into muted tidal ponds, tidal ponds, and salt marsh. As a result, tidal prism through Alviso Slough has increased and mercury-contaminated sediment has been remobilized. We developed a 2D, high-resolution, process-based model (Delft3D FM-wave) to hindcast observed morpho...
Authors
Mick Van der Wegen, Johan Reyns, Bruce E. Jaffe, Amy C. Foxgrover, Fernanda Achete, Mark C. Marvin-DiPasquale, Theresa A. Fregoso, Judy Nam, Jessica Lovering
By
Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center
Forecasting Coastal Retreat Along U.S. South Atlantic Coast by Year 2100

Forecasting Coastal Retreat Along U.S. South Atlantic Coast by Year 2100

Coastal erosion is an increasingly urgent issue as rising seas and wave-driven processes reshape shorelines worldwide. New modeling by USGS combines...

Read Article
Intensified Coastal Hazards from Climate Change on U.S. Southeast Coast

Intensified Coastal Hazards from Climate Change on U.S. Southeast Coast

A study led by USGS outlines a multifaceted climate-driven crisis facing communities along the Southeast Atlantic coast of the United States. As sea...

Read Article
Remote-Sensing Large-Wood Storage Downstream from Reservoirs After Dam Removal

Remote-Sensing Large-Wood Storage Downstream from Reservoirs After Dam Removal

For nearly a century, two dams on the Elwha River blocked the natural flow of sediment and wood, leading to a highly altered river environment...

Read Article
The Complex Dynamics of Coastal Flooding along the Southeast U.S. Atlantic Coast

The Complex Dynamics of Coastal Flooding along the Southeast U.S. Atlantic Coast

New research led by Deltares, USGS, and USACE investigates the interplay between tropical and extratropical cyclones in driving coastal flooding along...

Read Article
Bathymetric Data Tracks Sediment Flux in San Francisco Bay

Bathymetric Data Tracks Sediment Flux in San Francisco Bay

New detailed analysis of bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) spanning much of San Francisco Bay reveals a net loss of sediment since the 1980s...

Read Article
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