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Ariel Leon

Ariel Leon is a Supervisory Biologist at the National Wildlife Health Center.

She received a Bachelor's degree in Environmental Biology from Barnard College and a PhD in Biological Sciences from Virginia Tech. She joined the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in 2019 as Biologist working with Dr. Tonie Rocke on testing the feasibility of vaccination as a management tool for White-Nose Syndrome (WNS) in North American bats, in addition to studying host susceptibility and resistance to WNS and other wildlife diseases. She started in her role as Supervisory Biologist at the NWHC in 2023, where she acts as the unit coordinator for the Diagnostic Necropsy and Histology labs.

Professional Experience

  • 2023-Present Supervisory Biologist, USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI

  • 2019-2023 Biologist, USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI

  • 2013-2019 Graduate Research Assistant, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA

  • 2010-2013 Research Assistant, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR

Education and Certifications

  • 2019 - Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic and State University, Blacksburg, VA

  • 2010 - Bachelor of Arts in Environmental Biology, Barnard College of Columbia University, New York, NY

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • Wildlife Disease Association

  • Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology

Science and Products

Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection

It has been proposed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that spread through human populations as a pandemic originated in Asian bats. There is concern that infected humans could transmit the virus to native North American bats; therefore, the susceptibility of several North American bat species to the pandemic virus has been experimentally...
Authors
Jeffrey Hall, Sean Nashold, Erik Hofmeister, Ariel Leon, Elizabeth Falendysz, Hon S. Ip, Carly Malave, Tonie Rocke, Mariano Carossino, Udeni Balasuriya, Susan Knowles
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Management of vampire bats and rabies: Past, present, and future Management of vampire bats and rabies: Past, present, and future

Rabies virus transmitted via the bite of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) has surpassed canine-associated cases as the predominant cause of human rabies in Latin America. Cattle, the preferred prey of D. rotundus, suffer extensive mortality from vampire bat associated rabies, with annual financial losses estimated in the tens of millions of dollars. Organized attempts to manage or...
Authors
Tonie Rocke, Daniel Streicker, Ariel Leon
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Sex-biased infections scale to population impacts for an emerging wildlife disease Sex-biased infections scale to population impacts for an emerging wildlife disease

Demographic factors are fundamental in shaping infectious disease dynamics. Aspects of populations that create structure, like age and sex, can affect patterns of transmission, infection intensity and population outcomes. However, studies rarely link these processes from individual to population-scale effects. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying demographic differences in disease are...
Authors
Macy Kailing, Joseph Hoyt, J. White, Heather Kaarakka, Jennifer Redell, Ariel Leon, Tonie Rocke, John DePue, William Scullon, Katy Parise, Jeffrey Foster, A. Kilpatrick, Kate Langwig
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2 Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is thought to have originated in wild bats from Asia, and as the resulting pandemic continues into its third year, concerns have been raised that the virus will expand its host range and infect North American wildlife species, including bats. Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) live in large colonies in...
Authors
Jeffrey Hall, Erik Hofmeister, Hon S. Ip, Sean Nashold, Ariel Leon, Carly Malave, Elizabeth Falendysz, Tonie Rocke, M. Carossino, U. Balasuriya, Susan Knowles
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Immunogenicity, safety, and anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and their susceptibility to viral challenge Immunogenicity, safety, and anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and their susceptibility to viral challenge

A preliminary vaccination trial against the emergent pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, was completed in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes; BFF) to assess safety, immunogenicity, and anti-viral efficacy. Vaccination and boosting of 15 BFF with purified SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit protein produced a nearly 150-fold increase in mean antibody titers compared to pre-vaccination titers. Serum...
Authors
Ariel Leon, Della Garelle, Airn Hartwig, Elizabeth Falendysz, Hon S. Ip, Julia Lankton, Tyler Tretten, Terry Spraker, Richard Bowen, Tonie Rocke
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Evidence gaps and diversity among potential win–win solutions for conservation and human infectious disease control Evidence gaps and diversity among potential win–win solutions for conservation and human infectious disease control

As sustainable development practitioners have worked to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all” and “conserve life on land and below water”, what progress has been made with win–win interventions that reduce human infectious disease burdens while advancing conservation goals? Using a systematic literature review, we identified 46 proposed solutions, which we then...
Authors
Skylar Hopkins, Kevin Lafferty, Chelsea L. Wood, Sarah Olson, Julia Buck, Giulio De Leo, Kathryn Fiorella, Johanna Fornberg, Andres Garchitorena, Isabel Jones, Armand Kuris, Laura Kwong, Christopher LeBoa, Ariel Leon, Andrea Lund, Andrew MacDonald, Daniel Metz, Nicole Nova, Alison J. Peel, Justin Remais, Tara Stewart Merrill, Maya Wilson, Matthew Bonds, Andrew Dobson, David Lopez-Carr, Meghan Howard, Lisa Mandle, Susanne Sokolow
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Western Ecological Research Center (WERC)

Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), with SARS-CoV-2 Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), with SARS-CoV-2

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, is phylogenetically related to bat coronaviruses (CoVs), specifically SARS‐related CoVs from the Eurasian bat family Rhinolophidae. As this human pandemic virus has spread across the world, the potential impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 on native North American bat populations are unknown, as is the ability of North American bats to serve as...
Authors
Jeffrey Hall, Susan Knowles, Sean Nashold, Hon S. Ip, Ariel Leon, Tonie Rocke, Saskia Keller, Mariano Carossino, Udeni Balasuriya, Erik Hofmeister
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Gloved hands holding a bat white glove scientists administers vaccine orally.

White-nose syndrome vaccine updates

Since its emergence in 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) continues to spread in North America and has substantially impacted hibernating bat populations, contributing to declines of over 90% in northern long-eared ( Myotis septentrionalis), little brown ( Myotis lucifugus), and tri-colored bat ( Perimyotis subflavus) populations. We are developing tools and management strategies to protect bat...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
White-nose syndrome vaccine updates

White-nose syndrome vaccine updates

Since its emergence in 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) continues to spread in North America and has substantially impacted hibernating bat populations, contributing to declines of over 90% in northern long-eared ( Myotis septentrionalis), little brown ( Myotis lucifugus), and tri-colored bat ( Perimyotis subflavus) populations. We are developing tools and management strategies to protect bat...
Learn More
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.

Field trials for testing of white-nose syndrome vaccine candidates

White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), continues to decimate bat populations in North America, and efforts to develop treatment options have intensified. One potential method for controlling WNS is vaccination of bats with specific antigens to elicit a protective immune response.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Field trials for testing of white-nose syndrome vaccine candidates

Field trials for testing of white-nose syndrome vaccine candidates

White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), continues to decimate bat populations in North America, and efforts to develop treatment options have intensified. One potential method for controlling WNS is vaccination of bats with specific antigens to elicit a protective immune response.
Learn More

Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) weights and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 Infection challenge Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) weights and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 Infection challenge

Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) weights and SARS-CoV2 test results were collected as part of study to assess transmission potential of SARS-CoV2 in North American bat populations. It has been proposed that the SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Asian bats and subsequently spread through human populations as a pandemic. There is concern that infected humans could transmit the virus to...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Water-Quality Data in and near Groundwater Flow-Through Kettle-Hole Lakes, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2003 - 2018 Water-Quality Data in and near Groundwater Flow-Through Kettle-Hole Lakes, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2003 - 2018

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides a comprehensive dataset of water-quality results, physical-parameter measurements, hydrologic measurements, and site information collected to study the nature and extent of water quality along groundwater flow paths adjacent to glacial-kettle lakes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Water-quality samples were collected in 2003, 2005, and...
By
New England Water Science Center

Laboratory and Field Data for a Performance Evaluation of the PhytoFind, an In-Place Phytoplankton Classification Tool Laboratory and Field Data for a Performance Evaluation of the PhytoFind, an In-Place Phytoplankton Classification Tool

This data release presents the laboratory and field results of a performance evaluation conducted on the Turner Designs, Inc., PhytoFind, an in-place phytoplankton classification tool. The laboratory evaluation included tests that were designed to characterize PhytoFind performance under a range of conditions that may affect phytoplankton fluorescence and sensor response. Laboratory...
By
New York Water Science Center

Viral loads, histology, and adverse events in transgenic mice after passive transfer of serum from black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) used to assess the anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate Viral loads, histology, and adverse events in transgenic mice after passive transfer of serum from black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) used to assess the anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate

This data set provides biological information from of a captive study of transgenic mice that received either passive serum transfers from black-footed ferrets (BFFs) that were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 or BFFs that were unvaccinated, or a monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 or lastly a placebo. After these treatments mice were challenged with SARS-CoV-2. The data included here...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2 Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2

We experimentally challenged wild Mexican free-tailed bats (TABR) with SARS-CoV-2 to determine the susceptibility, reservoir potential, and population impacts of infection in this species. Of nine bats oronasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, five became infected and orally excreted moderate amounts of virus for up to 18 days post inoculation. These five subjects all seroconverted and...
By
Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center

Microbial Community and N-cycling gene abundance from Ponds and Groundwater on Cape Cod, MA (2015 - 2018) Microbial Community and N-cycling gene abundance from Ponds and Groundwater on Cape Cod, MA (2015 - 2018)

Surface water, pore water, pond bottom sediments, and groundwater were sampled within and downgradient from five groundwater flow-through ponds that ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic in Cape Cod, Massachusetts during different seasons from 2015 – 2018. The sampled ponds included Ashumet, Santuit, Snake, Shubael, and Longs. Pore water was collected between 15 to 100 cm below the pond...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.
Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas
Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Science and Products

Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection Little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) are resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection

It has been proposed that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that spread through human populations as a pandemic originated in Asian bats. There is concern that infected humans could transmit the virus to native North American bats; therefore, the susceptibility of several North American bat species to the pandemic virus has been experimentally...
Authors
Jeffrey Hall, Sean Nashold, Erik Hofmeister, Ariel Leon, Elizabeth Falendysz, Hon S. Ip, Carly Malave, Tonie Rocke, Mariano Carossino, Udeni Balasuriya, Susan Knowles
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Management of vampire bats and rabies: Past, present, and future Management of vampire bats and rabies: Past, present, and future

Rabies virus transmitted via the bite of common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) has surpassed canine-associated cases as the predominant cause of human rabies in Latin America. Cattle, the preferred prey of D. rotundus, suffer extensive mortality from vampire bat associated rabies, with annual financial losses estimated in the tens of millions of dollars. Organized attempts to manage or...
Authors
Tonie Rocke, Daniel Streicker, Ariel Leon
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Sex-biased infections scale to population impacts for an emerging wildlife disease Sex-biased infections scale to population impacts for an emerging wildlife disease

Demographic factors are fundamental in shaping infectious disease dynamics. Aspects of populations that create structure, like age and sex, can affect patterns of transmission, infection intensity and population outcomes. However, studies rarely link these processes from individual to population-scale effects. Moreover, the mechanisms underlying demographic differences in disease are...
Authors
Macy Kailing, Joseph Hoyt, J. White, Heather Kaarakka, Jennifer Redell, Ariel Leon, Tonie Rocke, John DePue, William Scullon, Katy Parise, Jeffrey Foster, A. Kilpatrick, Kate Langwig
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2 Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is thought to have originated in wild bats from Asia, and as the resulting pandemic continues into its third year, concerns have been raised that the virus will expand its host range and infect North American wildlife species, including bats. Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) live in large colonies in...
Authors
Jeffrey Hall, Erik Hofmeister, Hon S. Ip, Sean Nashold, Ariel Leon, Carly Malave, Elizabeth Falendysz, Tonie Rocke, M. Carossino, U. Balasuriya, Susan Knowles
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Immunogenicity, safety, and anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and their susceptibility to viral challenge Immunogenicity, safety, and anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) and their susceptibility to viral challenge

A preliminary vaccination trial against the emergent pathogen, SARS-CoV-2, was completed in captive black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes; BFF) to assess safety, immunogenicity, and anti-viral efficacy. Vaccination and boosting of 15 BFF with purified SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit protein produced a nearly 150-fold increase in mean antibody titers compared to pre-vaccination titers. Serum...
Authors
Ariel Leon, Della Garelle, Airn Hartwig, Elizabeth Falendysz, Hon S. Ip, Julia Lankton, Tyler Tretten, Terry Spraker, Richard Bowen, Tonie Rocke
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Evidence gaps and diversity among potential win–win solutions for conservation and human infectious disease control Evidence gaps and diversity among potential win–win solutions for conservation and human infectious disease control

As sustainable development practitioners have worked to “ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all” and “conserve life on land and below water”, what progress has been made with win–win interventions that reduce human infectious disease burdens while advancing conservation goals? Using a systematic literature review, we identified 46 proposed solutions, which we then...
Authors
Skylar Hopkins, Kevin Lafferty, Chelsea L. Wood, Sarah Olson, Julia Buck, Giulio De Leo, Kathryn Fiorella, Johanna Fornberg, Andres Garchitorena, Isabel Jones, Armand Kuris, Laura Kwong, Christopher LeBoa, Ariel Leon, Andrea Lund, Andrew MacDonald, Daniel Metz, Nicole Nova, Alison J. Peel, Justin Remais, Tara Stewart Merrill, Maya Wilson, Matthew Bonds, Andrew Dobson, David Lopez-Carr, Meghan Howard, Lisa Mandle, Susanne Sokolow
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Western Ecological Research Center (WERC)

Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), with SARS-CoV-2 Experimental challenge of a North American bat species, big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus), with SARS-CoV-2

The recently emerged novel coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, is phylogenetically related to bat coronaviruses (CoVs), specifically SARS‐related CoVs from the Eurasian bat family Rhinolophidae. As this human pandemic virus has spread across the world, the potential impacts of SARS‐CoV‐2 on native North American bat populations are unknown, as is the ability of North American bats to serve as...
Authors
Jeffrey Hall, Susan Knowles, Sean Nashold, Hon S. Ip, Ariel Leon, Tonie Rocke, Saskia Keller, Mariano Carossino, Udeni Balasuriya, Erik Hofmeister
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Gloved hands holding a bat white glove scientists administers vaccine orally.

White-nose syndrome vaccine updates

Since its emergence in 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) continues to spread in North America and has substantially impacted hibernating bat populations, contributing to declines of over 90% in northern long-eared ( Myotis septentrionalis), little brown ( Myotis lucifugus), and tri-colored bat ( Perimyotis subflavus) populations. We are developing tools and management strategies to protect bat...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
White-nose syndrome vaccine updates

White-nose syndrome vaccine updates

Since its emergence in 2006, white-nose syndrome (WNS) continues to spread in North America and has substantially impacted hibernating bat populations, contributing to declines of over 90% in northern long-eared ( Myotis septentrionalis), little brown ( Myotis lucifugus), and tri-colored bat ( Perimyotis subflavus) populations. We are developing tools and management strategies to protect bat...
Learn More
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.

Field trials for testing of white-nose syndrome vaccine candidates

White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), continues to decimate bat populations in North America, and efforts to develop treatment options have intensified. One potential method for controlling WNS is vaccination of bats with specific antigens to elicit a protective immune response.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Field trials for testing of white-nose syndrome vaccine candidates

Field trials for testing of white-nose syndrome vaccine candidates

White-nose syndrome (WNS), caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans (Pd), continues to decimate bat populations in North America, and efforts to develop treatment options have intensified. One potential method for controlling WNS is vaccination of bats with specific antigens to elicit a protective immune response.
Learn More

Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) weights and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 Infection challenge Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus) weights and Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 Infection challenge

Little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) weights and SARS-CoV2 test results were collected as part of study to assess transmission potential of SARS-CoV2 in North American bat populations. It has been proposed that the SARS-CoV-2 virus originated in Asian bats and subsequently spread through human populations as a pandemic. There is concern that infected humans could transmit the virus to...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Water-Quality Data in and near Groundwater Flow-Through Kettle-Hole Lakes, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2003 - 2018 Water-Quality Data in and near Groundwater Flow-Through Kettle-Hole Lakes, Western Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 2003 - 2018

This U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data release provides a comprehensive dataset of water-quality results, physical-parameter measurements, hydrologic measurements, and site information collected to study the nature and extent of water quality along groundwater flow paths adjacent to glacial-kettle lakes on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Water-quality samples were collected in 2003, 2005, and...
By
New England Water Science Center

Laboratory and Field Data for a Performance Evaluation of the PhytoFind, an In-Place Phytoplankton Classification Tool Laboratory and Field Data for a Performance Evaluation of the PhytoFind, an In-Place Phytoplankton Classification Tool

This data release presents the laboratory and field results of a performance evaluation conducted on the Turner Designs, Inc., PhytoFind, an in-place phytoplankton classification tool. The laboratory evaluation included tests that were designed to characterize PhytoFind performance under a range of conditions that may affect phytoplankton fluorescence and sensor response. Laboratory...
By
New York Water Science Center

Viral loads, histology, and adverse events in transgenic mice after passive transfer of serum from black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) used to assess the anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate Viral loads, histology, and adverse events in transgenic mice after passive transfer of serum from black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes) used to assess the anti-viral efficacy of a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate

This data set provides biological information from of a captive study of transgenic mice that received either passive serum transfers from black-footed ferrets (BFFs) that were vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 or BFFs that were unvaccinated, or a monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2 or lastly a placebo. After these treatments mice were challenged with SARS-CoV-2. The data included here...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2 Experimental infection of Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) with SARS-CoV-2

We experimentally challenged wild Mexican free-tailed bats (TABR) with SARS-CoV-2 to determine the susceptibility, reservoir potential, and population impacts of infection in this species. Of nine bats oronasally inoculated with SARS-CoV-2, five became infected and orally excreted moderate amounts of virus for up to 18 days post inoculation. These five subjects all seroconverted and...
By
Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center

Microbial Community and N-cycling gene abundance from Ponds and Groundwater on Cape Cod, MA (2015 - 2018) Microbial Community and N-cycling gene abundance from Ponds and Groundwater on Cape Cod, MA (2015 - 2018)

Surface water, pore water, pond bottom sediments, and groundwater were sampled within and downgradient from five groundwater flow-through ponds that ranged from oligotrophic to eutrophic in Cape Cod, Massachusetts during different seasons from 2015 – 2018. The sampled ponds included Ashumet, Santuit, Snake, Shubael, and Longs. Pore water was collected between 15 to 100 cm below the pond...
By
Water Resources Mission Area
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.
Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas
Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Cluster of bats on a cave wall.

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas

Cluster of cave myotis bats (Myotis velifer) on cave wall in Texas.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government

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