Christina A. Neal (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 96
2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, or suspected unrest at 11 volcanic centers in Alaska during 2012. Of the two verified eruptions, one (Cleveland) was clearly magmatic and the other (Kanaga) was most likely a single phreatic explosion. Two other volcanoes had notable seismic swarms that probably were caused by magmatic...
Authors
Julie Herrick, Christina A. Neal, Cheryl E. Cameron, James Dixon, Robert McGimsey
2010 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2010 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest or suspected unrest at 12 volcanic centers in Alaska during 2010. The most notable volcanic activity consisted of intermittent ash emissions from long-active Cleveland volcano in the Aleutian Islands. AVO staff also participated in hazard communication regarding eruptions or unrest at seven...
Authors
Christina A. Neal, Julie Herrick, O.A. Girina, Marina Chibisova, Alexander Rybin, Robert McGimsey, Jim Dixon
2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, and reports of unusual activity at or near eight separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2009. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Redoubt Volcano, one of three active volcanoes on the western side of Cook Inlet and near south-central Alaska's population and commerce centers...
Authors
Robert McGimsey, Christina A. Neal, Olga Girina, Marina Chibisova, Alexander Rybin
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: A natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: A natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism
In the beginning of the 20th century, geologist Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., argued that, to fully understand volcanic and associated hazards, the expeditionary mode of studying eruptions only after they occurred was inadequate. Instead, he fervently advocated the use of permanent observatories to record and measure volcanic phenomena—at and below the surface—before, during, and after...
Authors
Robert Tilling, James Kauahikaua, Steven R. Brantley, Christina Neal
Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska was particularly well monitored for volcanic gas emissions. We report 35 airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates that span from October 2008 to August 2010. The magmatic system degassed primarily as a closed system although minor amounts of open system degassing were observed in the 6 months prior to eruption on March 15...
Authors
Cynthia Werner, Peter Kelly, Michael Doukas, Taryn Lopez, Melissa Pfeffer, Robert McGimsey, Christina Neal
U.S. Geological Survey natural hazards science strategy— Promoting the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation U.S. Geological Survey natural hazards science strategy— Promoting the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation
Executive Summary The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in natural hazards is to develop and apply hazard science to help protect the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation. The costs and consequences of natural hazards can be enormous, and each year more people and infrastructure are at risk. USGS scientific research—founded on detailed observations and...
Authors
Robert Holmes, Lucile Jones, Jeffery Eidenshink, Jonathan Godt, Stephen Kirby, Jeffrey Love, Christina A. Neal, Nathaniel Plant, Michael Plunkett, Craig Weaver, Anne Wein, Suzanne Perry
Natural hazards science strategy Natural hazards science strategy
The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in natural hazards is to develop and apply hazard science to help protect the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation. The costs and consequences of natural hazards can be enormous, and each year more people and infrastructure are at risk. USGS scientific research—founded on detailed observations and improved understanding...
Authors
Robert Holmes, Lucile Jones, Jeffery Eidenshink, Jonathan Godt, Stephen Kirby, Jeffrey Love, Christina A. Neal, Nathaniel Plant, Michael Plunkett, Craig Weaver, Anne Wein, Suzanne Perry
Deep magmatic degassing versus scrubbing: Elevated CO2 emissions and C/S in the lead-up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska Deep magmatic degassing versus scrubbing: Elevated CO2 emissions and C/S in the lead-up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
We report CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates and C/S ratios during the five months leading up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. CO2emission rates up to 9018 t/d and C/S ratios ≥30 measured in the months prior to the eruption were critical for fully informed forecasting efforts. Observations of ice-melt rates, meltwater discharge, and water chemistry suggest that surface...
Authors
Cynthia Werner, William Evans, Peter Kelly, Robert McGimsey, Melissa Pfeffer, Michael Doukas, Christina Neal
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Redoubt Volcano, an ice-covered stratovolcano on the west side of Cook Inlet, erupted in March 2009 after several months of escalating unrest. The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano shares many similarities with eruptions documented most recently at Redoubt in 1966–68 and 1989–90. In each case, the eruptive phase lasted several months, consisted of multiple ashproducing explosions...
Authors
Katharine Bull, Cheryl Cameron, Michelle Coombs, Angie Diefenbach, Taryn Lopez, Steve McNutt, Christina Neal, Allison Payne, John Power, David Schneider, William Scott, Seth Snedigar, Glenn Thompson, Kristi Wallace, Christopher Waythomas, Peter Webley, Cynthia Werner
2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest or suspected unrest at seven separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2008. Significant explosive eruptions at Okmok and Kasatochi Volcanoes in July and August dominated Observatory operations in the summer and autumn. AVO maintained 24-hour staffing at the Anchorage facility from July...
Authors
Christina A. Neal, Robert McGimsey, James Dixon, Cheryl E. Cameron, Anton Nuzhdaev, Marina Chibisova
2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest at or near nine separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2007. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Pavlof, one of Alaska's most frequently active volcanoes. Glaciated Fourpeaked Mountain, a volcano thought to have been inactive in the Holocene, produced a phreatic eruption in...
Authors
Robert McGimsey, Christina A. Neal, James Dixon, Nataliya Malik, Marina Chibisova
Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles
After 33 years of repose, one of the most active volcanoes of the Kurile island arc—Sarychev Peak on Matua Island in the Central Kuriles—erupted violently on June 11, 2009. The eruption lasted 9 days and stands among the largest of recent historical eruptions in the Kurile Island chain. Satellite monitoring of the eruption, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer...
Authors
A. Rybin, M. Chibisova, P. Webley, T. Steensen, P. Izbekov, Christina Neal, V. Realmuto
Filter Total Items: 61
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 96
2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2012 volcanic activity in Alaska: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, or suspected unrest at 11 volcanic centers in Alaska during 2012. Of the two verified eruptions, one (Cleveland) was clearly magmatic and the other (Kanaga) was most likely a single phreatic explosion. Two other volcanoes had notable seismic swarms that probably were caused by magmatic...
Authors
Julie Herrick, Christina A. Neal, Cheryl E. Cameron, James Dixon, Robert McGimsey
2010 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2010 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest or suspected unrest at 12 volcanic centers in Alaska during 2010. The most notable volcanic activity consisted of intermittent ash emissions from long-active Cleveland volcano in the Aleutian Islands. AVO staff also participated in hazard communication regarding eruptions or unrest at seven...
Authors
Christina A. Neal, Julie Herrick, O.A. Girina, Marina Chibisova, Alexander Rybin, Robert McGimsey, Jim Dixon
2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2009 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, volcanic unrest, and reports of unusual activity at or near eight separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2009. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Redoubt Volcano, one of three active volcanoes on the western side of Cook Inlet and near south-central Alaska's population and commerce centers...
Authors
Robert McGimsey, Christina A. Neal, Olga Girina, Marina Chibisova, Alexander Rybin
The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: A natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: A natural laboratory for studying basaltic volcanism
In the beginning of the 20th century, geologist Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., argued that, to fully understand volcanic and associated hazards, the expeditionary mode of studying eruptions only after they occurred was inadequate. Instead, he fervently advocated the use of permanent observatories to record and measure volcanic phenomena—at and below the surface—before, during, and after...
Authors
Robert Tilling, James Kauahikaua, Steven R. Brantley, Christina Neal
Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska Degassing of CO2, SO2, and H2S associated with the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska was particularly well monitored for volcanic gas emissions. We report 35 airborne measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates that span from October 2008 to August 2010. The magmatic system degassed primarily as a closed system although minor amounts of open system degassing were observed in the 6 months prior to eruption on March 15...
Authors
Cynthia Werner, Peter Kelly, Michael Doukas, Taryn Lopez, Melissa Pfeffer, Robert McGimsey, Christina Neal
U.S. Geological Survey natural hazards science strategy— Promoting the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation U.S. Geological Survey natural hazards science strategy— Promoting the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation
Executive Summary The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in natural hazards is to develop and apply hazard science to help protect the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation. The costs and consequences of natural hazards can be enormous, and each year more people and infrastructure are at risk. USGS scientific research—founded on detailed observations and...
Authors
Robert Holmes, Lucile Jones, Jeffery Eidenshink, Jonathan Godt, Stephen Kirby, Jeffrey Love, Christina A. Neal, Nathaniel Plant, Michael Plunkett, Craig Weaver, Anne Wein, Suzanne Perry
Natural hazards science strategy Natural hazards science strategy
The mission of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in natural hazards is to develop and apply hazard science to help protect the safety, security, and economic well-being of the Nation. The costs and consequences of natural hazards can be enormous, and each year more people and infrastructure are at risk. USGS scientific research—founded on detailed observations and improved understanding...
Authors
Robert Holmes, Lucile Jones, Jeffery Eidenshink, Jonathan Godt, Stephen Kirby, Jeffrey Love, Christina A. Neal, Nathaniel Plant, Michael Plunkett, Craig Weaver, Anne Wein, Suzanne Perry
Deep magmatic degassing versus scrubbing: Elevated CO2 emissions and C/S in the lead-up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska Deep magmatic degassing versus scrubbing: Elevated CO2 emissions and C/S in the lead-up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
We report CO2, SO2, and H2S emission rates and C/S ratios during the five months leading up to the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska. CO2emission rates up to 9018 t/d and C/S ratios ≥30 measured in the months prior to the eruption were critical for fully informed forecasting efforts. Observations of ice-melt rates, meltwater discharge, and water chemistry suggest that surface...
Authors
Cynthia Werner, William Evans, Peter Kelly, Robert McGimsey, Melissa Pfeffer, Michael Doukas, Christina Neal
The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska
Redoubt Volcano, an ice-covered stratovolcano on the west side of Cook Inlet, erupted in March 2009 after several months of escalating unrest. The 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano shares many similarities with eruptions documented most recently at Redoubt in 1966–68 and 1989–90. In each case, the eruptive phase lasted several months, consisted of multiple ashproducing explosions...
Authors
Katharine Bull, Cheryl Cameron, Michelle Coombs, Angie Diefenbach, Taryn Lopez, Steve McNutt, Christina Neal, Allison Payne, John Power, David Schneider, William Scott, Seth Snedigar, Glenn Thompson, Kristi Wallace, Christopher Waythomas, Peter Webley, Cynthia Werner
2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2008 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest or suspected unrest at seven separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2008. Significant explosive eruptions at Okmok and Kasatochi Volcanoes in July and August dominated Observatory operations in the summer and autumn. AVO maintained 24-hour staffing at the Anchorage facility from July...
Authors
Christina A. Neal, Robert McGimsey, James Dixon, Cheryl E. Cameron, Anton Nuzhdaev, Marina Chibisova
2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2007 Volcanic activity in Alaska, Kamchatka, and the Kurile Islands: Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) responded to eruptions, possible eruptions, and volcanic unrest at or near nine separate volcanic centers in Alaska during 2007. The year was highlighted by the eruption of Pavlof, one of Alaska's most frequently active volcanoes. Glaciated Fourpeaked Mountain, a volcano thought to have been inactive in the Holocene, produced a phreatic eruption in...
Authors
Robert McGimsey, Christina A. Neal, James Dixon, Nataliya Malik, Marina Chibisova
Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles
After 33 years of repose, one of the most active volcanoes of the Kurile island arc—Sarychev Peak on Matua Island in the Central Kuriles—erupted violently on June 11, 2009. The eruption lasted 9 days and stands among the largest of recent historical eruptions in the Kurile Island chain. Satellite monitoring of the eruption, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer...
Authors
A. Rybin, M. Chibisova, P. Webley, T. Steensen, P. Izbekov, Christina Neal, V. Realmuto
Filter Total Items: 61
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government