Daniel B. Fagre, Ph.D. (Former Employee)
Science and Products
Going-to-the-Sun Road Avalanche Forecasting Program
As the most popular attraction in Glacier National Park, Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR) traverses scenic alpine zones and crosses the Continental Divide. The Park closes a section of GTSR each winter due to inclement weather, heavy snowfall, and avalanche hazards. Annual spring opening of GTSR is a highly anticipated event for visitors, and the regional economy is strongly tied to the road’s...
Science in Glacier National Park
Glacier National Park (GNP) is considered a stronghold for a large diversity of plant and animal species and harbors some of the last remaining populations of threatened and endangered species such as grizzly bear and bull trout, as well as non threatened, yet ecologically important species such as bighorn sheep and black bear. The mountain ecosystems of GNP that support these species are dynamic...
Time Series of Glacier Retreat
The retreat of glaciers (see PDF at end of page) in Glacier National Park, Montana, has received widespread attention by the media, the public, and scientists because it is a clear and poignant indicator of change in the northern Rocky Mountains of the USA. In 2017, the USGS and Portland State University released a dataset which describes the areas of the 37 named glaciers in Glacier National Park...
Climate Change in Mountain Ecosystems (CCME)
Climate change is widely acknowledged to have a profound effect on the biosphere and cryosphere with many and diverse impacts on global resources. Mountain ecosystems in the western U.S., and the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains in particular, are highly sensitive to climate change. Warming in western Montana is nearly 2 times greater than the rise in global temperatures over the last 100+ years...
Brief History of Glaciers in Glacier National Park
The history of glaciation in Glacier National Park spans thousands of years of glacial growth and recession, carving the steep and striking mountain features we see today. Glaciers have been present within the boundaries of present-day Glacier National Park since as early as 6,500 years ago (Munroe and others, 2012). These modest glaciers varied in size, tracking climatic trends, but did not grow...
Status of Glaciers in Glacier National Park
Glaciers on the Glacier National Park (GNP) landscape have ecological value as a source of cold meltwater in the otherwise dry late summer months, and aesthetic value as the park’s namesake features. USGS scientists have studied these glaciers since the late 1800s, building a body of research that documents widespread glacier change over the past century. Ongoing USGS research pairs long-term data...
A comprehensive inventory of maximum glacial extent in Glacier National Park during the peak of the Little Ice Age A comprehensive inventory of maximum glacial extent in Glacier National Park during the peak of the Little Ice Age
This data release consists of digitized glacier margins that represent the maximum extent of glaciers in Glacier National Park (GNP) and two glaciers on U.S. Forest Service's Flathead National Forest land during the peak of the Little Ice Age. Glacier margins are based on moraine deposits that result from active glaciation, and do not depict perennial snow and ice. Moraines are...
USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data
This link has been superseded. The data are available at: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AGXQSR
Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers
Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at key North American glaciers. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. The Juneau Icefield Research Program has measured glacier mass balance on Lemon Creek since the mid-1940s, with USGS...
Alpine vegetation trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2003-2018 Alpine vegetation trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2003-2018
This dataset is focused on alpine plant species presence/absence, species turnover, and trends in species abundance on four mountain summits in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA from 2003 through 2014. Two summit sites were established in 2003 on Dancing Lady and Bison Mountain, east of the continental divide. Two additional summit sites were established in 2004 on Pitamakin and Mt...
Alpine Vegetation Trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2019 Alpine Vegetation Trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2019
This dataset is focused on alpine plant species presence/absence, species turnover, and trends in species abundance on four mountain summits in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. This dataset consists of data from 2019, the fourth survey of the project which is on a five year survey schedule. Two summit sites were established in 2003 on Dancing Lady and Bison Mountain, east of the...
Glaciers of Glacier National Park Repeat Photography Collection Glaciers of Glacier National Park Repeat Photography Collection
The “Glaciers of Glacier National Park Repeat Photography Collection” is a compilation of photographs documenting the retreat of glaciers in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. (GNP) through repeat photography. The collection is comprised of 58 image pairs, resulting from twenty-two years of U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) field excursions (1997-2019) for the purpose of photographically
Filter Total Items: 82
Characterizing vegetation and return periods in avalanche paths using lidar and aerial imagery Characterizing vegetation and return periods in avalanche paths using lidar and aerial imagery
Snow avalanches are a hazard and ecological disturbance across mountain landscapes worldwide. Understanding how avalanche frequency affects forests and vegetation improves infrastructure planning, risk management, and avalanche forecasting. We implemented a novel approach using lidar, aerial imagery, and a random forest model to classify imagery-observed vegetation within avalanche paths...
Authors
Erich H. Peitzsch, Chelsea Martin-Mikle, Jordy Hendrikx, Karl W. Birkeland, Daniel B. Fagre
Climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche years in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains Climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche years in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains
Large magnitude snow avalanches pose a hazard to humans and infrastructure worldwide. Analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of avalanches and the contributory climate factors is important for understanding historical variability in climate-avalanche relationships as well as improving avalanche forecasting. We used established dendrochronological methods to develop a long-term (1867–2019)...
Authors
Erich H. Peitzsch, Gregory T. Pederson, Karl W. Birkeland, Jordy Hendrikx, Daniel B. Fagre
A regional spatio-temporal analysis of large magnitude snow avalanches using tree rings A regional spatio-temporal analysis of large magnitude snow avalanches using tree rings
Snow avalanches affect transportation corridors and settlements worldwide. In many mountainous regions, robust records of avalanche frequency and magnitude are sparse or non-existent. However, dendrochronological methods can be used to fill this gap and infer historical avalanche patterns. In this study, we developed a tree-ring-based avalanche chronology for large magnitude avalanche...
Authors
Erich H. Peitzsch, Jordy Hendrikx, Daniel Kent Stahle, Gregory T. Pederson, Karl W. Birkeland, Daniel B. Fagre
Parsing complex terrain controls on mountain glacier response to climate forcing Parsing complex terrain controls on mountain glacier response to climate forcing
Glaciers are a key indicator of changing climate in the high mountain landscape. Glacier variations across a mountain range are ultimately driven by regional climate forcing. However, changes also reflect local, topographically driven processes such as snow avalanching, snow wind-drifting, and radiation shading as well as the initial glacier conditions such as hypsometry and ice...
Authors
Caitlyn Elizabeth Florentine, Joel T. Harper, Daniel B. Fagre
Alpine plant community diversity in species-area relations at fine scale Alpine plant community diversity in species-area relations at fine scale
Observations of diversity in alpine vegetation appear to be scale dependent. The relations of plant species richness with surface processes and geomorphology have been studied, but patterns of beta diversity are less known. In Glacier National Park, Montana, diversity has been examined within 1 m2 plots and for 16 m2 plots across two ranges, with within-plot and across-range explanatory...
Authors
George P. Malanson, Emma L Nelson, Dale L. Zimmerman, Daniel B. Fagre
Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance
Mountain glaciers integrate climate processes to provide an unmatched signal of regional climate forcing. However, extracting the climate signal via intercomparison of regional glacier mass balance records can be problematic when methods for extrapolating and calibrating direct glaciological measurements are mixed or inconsistent. To address this problem, we reanalyzed and compared long...
Authors
Shad O’Neel, Christopher J. McNeil, Louis C. Sass, Caitlyn Florentine, Emily Baker, Erich H. Peitzsch, Daniel J McGrath, Andrew G. Fountain, Daniel B. Fagre
Science and Products
Going-to-the-Sun Road Avalanche Forecasting Program
As the most popular attraction in Glacier National Park, Going-to-the-Sun Road (GTSR) traverses scenic alpine zones and crosses the Continental Divide. The Park closes a section of GTSR each winter due to inclement weather, heavy snowfall, and avalanche hazards. Annual spring opening of GTSR is a highly anticipated event for visitors, and the regional economy is strongly tied to the road’s...
Science in Glacier National Park
Glacier National Park (GNP) is considered a stronghold for a large diversity of plant and animal species and harbors some of the last remaining populations of threatened and endangered species such as grizzly bear and bull trout, as well as non threatened, yet ecologically important species such as bighorn sheep and black bear. The mountain ecosystems of GNP that support these species are dynamic...
Time Series of Glacier Retreat
The retreat of glaciers (see PDF at end of page) in Glacier National Park, Montana, has received widespread attention by the media, the public, and scientists because it is a clear and poignant indicator of change in the northern Rocky Mountains of the USA. In 2017, the USGS and Portland State University released a dataset which describes the areas of the 37 named glaciers in Glacier National Park...
Climate Change in Mountain Ecosystems (CCME)
Climate change is widely acknowledged to have a profound effect on the biosphere and cryosphere with many and diverse impacts on global resources. Mountain ecosystems in the western U.S., and the U.S. Northern Rocky Mountains in particular, are highly sensitive to climate change. Warming in western Montana is nearly 2 times greater than the rise in global temperatures over the last 100+ years...
Brief History of Glaciers in Glacier National Park
The history of glaciation in Glacier National Park spans thousands of years of glacial growth and recession, carving the steep and striking mountain features we see today. Glaciers have been present within the boundaries of present-day Glacier National Park since as early as 6,500 years ago (Munroe and others, 2012). These modest glaciers varied in size, tracking climatic trends, but did not grow...
Status of Glaciers in Glacier National Park
Glaciers on the Glacier National Park (GNP) landscape have ecological value as a source of cold meltwater in the otherwise dry late summer months, and aesthetic value as the park’s namesake features. USGS scientists have studied these glaciers since the late 1800s, building a body of research that documents widespread glacier change over the past century. Ongoing USGS research pairs long-term data...
A comprehensive inventory of maximum glacial extent in Glacier National Park during the peak of the Little Ice Age A comprehensive inventory of maximum glacial extent in Glacier National Park during the peak of the Little Ice Age
This data release consists of digitized glacier margins that represent the maximum extent of glaciers in Glacier National Park (GNP) and two glaciers on U.S. Forest Service's Flathead National Forest land during the peak of the Little Ice Age. Glacier margins are based on moraine deposits that result from active glaciation, and do not depict perennial snow and ice. Moraines are...
USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data USGS Benchmark Glacier Mass Balance and Project Data
This link has been superseded. The data are available at: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9AGXQSR
Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers Glacier-Wide Mass Balance and Compiled Data Inputs: USGS Benchmark Glaciers
Since the late 1950s, the USGS has maintained a long-term glacier mass-balance program at key North American glaciers. Measurements began on South Cascade Glacier, WA in 1958, expanding to Gulkana and Wolverine glaciers, AK in 1966, and later Sperry Glacier, MT in 2005. The Juneau Icefield Research Program has measured glacier mass balance on Lemon Creek since the mid-1940s, with USGS...
Alpine vegetation trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2003-2018 Alpine vegetation trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2003-2018
This dataset is focused on alpine plant species presence/absence, species turnover, and trends in species abundance on four mountain summits in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA from 2003 through 2014. Two summit sites were established in 2003 on Dancing Lady and Bison Mountain, east of the continental divide. Two additional summit sites were established in 2004 on Pitamakin and Mt...
Alpine Vegetation Trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2019 Alpine Vegetation Trends in Glacier National Park, Montana 2019
This dataset is focused on alpine plant species presence/absence, species turnover, and trends in species abundance on four mountain summits in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. This dataset consists of data from 2019, the fourth survey of the project which is on a five year survey schedule. Two summit sites were established in 2003 on Dancing Lady and Bison Mountain, east of the...
Glaciers of Glacier National Park Repeat Photography Collection Glaciers of Glacier National Park Repeat Photography Collection
The “Glaciers of Glacier National Park Repeat Photography Collection” is a compilation of photographs documenting the retreat of glaciers in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. (GNP) through repeat photography. The collection is comprised of 58 image pairs, resulting from twenty-two years of U.S.Geological Survey (USGS) field excursions (1997-2019) for the purpose of photographically
Filter Total Items: 82
Characterizing vegetation and return periods in avalanche paths using lidar and aerial imagery Characterizing vegetation and return periods in avalanche paths using lidar and aerial imagery
Snow avalanches are a hazard and ecological disturbance across mountain landscapes worldwide. Understanding how avalanche frequency affects forests and vegetation improves infrastructure planning, risk management, and avalanche forecasting. We implemented a novel approach using lidar, aerial imagery, and a random forest model to classify imagery-observed vegetation within avalanche paths...
Authors
Erich H. Peitzsch, Chelsea Martin-Mikle, Jordy Hendrikx, Karl W. Birkeland, Daniel B. Fagre
Climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche years in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains Climate drivers of large magnitude snow avalanche years in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains
Large magnitude snow avalanches pose a hazard to humans and infrastructure worldwide. Analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of avalanches and the contributory climate factors is important for understanding historical variability in climate-avalanche relationships as well as improving avalanche forecasting. We used established dendrochronological methods to develop a long-term (1867–2019)...
Authors
Erich H. Peitzsch, Gregory T. Pederson, Karl W. Birkeland, Jordy Hendrikx, Daniel B. Fagre
A regional spatio-temporal analysis of large magnitude snow avalanches using tree rings A regional spatio-temporal analysis of large magnitude snow avalanches using tree rings
Snow avalanches affect transportation corridors and settlements worldwide. In many mountainous regions, robust records of avalanche frequency and magnitude are sparse or non-existent. However, dendrochronological methods can be used to fill this gap and infer historical avalanche patterns. In this study, we developed a tree-ring-based avalanche chronology for large magnitude avalanche...
Authors
Erich H. Peitzsch, Jordy Hendrikx, Daniel Kent Stahle, Gregory T. Pederson, Karl W. Birkeland, Daniel B. Fagre
Parsing complex terrain controls on mountain glacier response to climate forcing Parsing complex terrain controls on mountain glacier response to climate forcing
Glaciers are a key indicator of changing climate in the high mountain landscape. Glacier variations across a mountain range are ultimately driven by regional climate forcing. However, changes also reflect local, topographically driven processes such as snow avalanching, snow wind-drifting, and radiation shading as well as the initial glacier conditions such as hypsometry and ice...
Authors
Caitlyn Elizabeth Florentine, Joel T. Harper, Daniel B. Fagre
Alpine plant community diversity in species-area relations at fine scale Alpine plant community diversity in species-area relations at fine scale
Observations of diversity in alpine vegetation appear to be scale dependent. The relations of plant species richness with surface processes and geomorphology have been studied, but patterns of beta diversity are less known. In Glacier National Park, Montana, diversity has been examined within 1 m2 plots and for 16 m2 plots across two ranges, with within-plot and across-range explanatory...
Authors
George P. Malanson, Emma L Nelson, Dale L. Zimmerman, Daniel B. Fagre
Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance Reanalysis of the U.S. Geological Survey Benchmark Glaciers: Long-term insight into climate forcing of glacier mass balance
Mountain glaciers integrate climate processes to provide an unmatched signal of regional climate forcing. However, extracting the climate signal via intercomparison of regional glacier mass balance records can be problematic when methods for extrapolating and calibrating direct glaciological measurements are mixed or inconsistent. To address this problem, we reanalyzed and compared long...
Authors
Shad O’Neel, Christopher J. McNeil, Louis C. Sass, Caitlyn Florentine, Emily Baker, Erich H. Peitzsch, Daniel J McGrath, Andrew G. Fountain, Daniel B. Fagre