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Joel G Putnam (Former Employee)

Science and Products

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USGS scientists performing tox trials on native and non-native species of fish.

Screening toxic compounds using cellular assays

This study is designed to be a high-throughput alternative to traditional methods of using whole fish assays to screen compounds for toxicity. This approach involves an initial pre-screening of a chemical databank to select molecules possessing characteristics identified as predictive criteria for potential toxicity to the fathead minnow, followed by cytotoxicity screening of selected compounds...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
link

Screening toxic compounds using cellular assays

This study is designed to be a high-throughput alternative to traditional methods of using whole fish assays to screen compounds for toxicity. This approach involves an initial pre-screening of a chemical databank to select molecules possessing characteristics identified as predictive criteria for potential toxicity to the fathead minnow, followed by cytotoxicity screening of selected compounds...
Learn More
link
Asian Carp mouth showing gills.

Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Model-based Candidate Chemical Toxicants to Native and Nonnative Fish Species in Static Exposures

Invasive fishes are of considerable concern to aquatic resource managers. For example, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), originally brought over from Eurasia sometime in the 1800s are now ubiquitous in U.S. waters. Although they have been around for over 100 years and have become part of U.S. culture, they are still highly detrimental to aquatic ecosystems and a method to eradicate and control of...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
link

Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Model-based Candidate Chemical Toxicants to Native and Nonnative Fish Species in Static Exposures

Invasive fishes are of considerable concern to aquatic resource managers. For example, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), originally brought over from Eurasia sometime in the 1800s are now ubiquitous in U.S. waters. Although they have been around for over 100 years and have become part of U.S. culture, they are still highly detrimental to aquatic ecosystems and a method to eradicate and control of...
Learn More

Data release for a novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp

Invasive carp pose substantial economic and ecological damage when populations are widespread in freshwater systems within the United States of America (USA). Resource managers in the USA have a limited number of chemical control tools to selectively remove nuisance fish. The present study examined whether Antimycin-A (antimycin) wax encapsulated microparticles could cause selective...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Data release for toxicity of Antimycin A incorporated management bait for grass carp

The goal of this study was to develop and examine whether a management bait that can be used for selective control of grass carp. Our objectives were to 1) quantify the water-based 24-h LC50 of Antimycin-A for grass carp and rainbow trout, 2) quantify the 96-h LD50 of orally administered Antimycin-A laden bait for grass carp and rainbow trout, 3) quantify the leaching rate of Antimycin-A...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Metabolomic analysis of pheasantshell mussel (Ortmanniana pectorosa; Order Unionida) from a mass mortality event in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA

This dataset uses the ITIS recommended Ortmanniana pectorosa, Conrad, 1834 in place of Actinonaias pectorosa, which was used in the Richard et al. 2020 manuscript. Biologists monitoring freshwater mussel (Order Unionida) populations rely on behavioral, often subjective, symptoms to identify “sick” or stressed animals, such as gaping valves and slow response to probing and lack clinical...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Characterization of occurrence and abundance of targeted metabolites in unionid mussels from three streams

The data consists of targeted metabolite analysis (using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy;UHPLC-QTOF-MS) of hemolymph from two freshwater mussel species (Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea) from three streams in Indiana. Concentrations of metabolites were modeled by species, stream and sex to determine the influence of each parameter.
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

A Novel Gonadotropic Microsporidian Parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) Infecting a Declining Population of Pheasantshell Mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of population declines are often enigmatic with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) and mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) during an epidemiologic survey investigating an ongoing mussel mass mortality event...
By
Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center

A novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp

Invasive carp pose substantial economic and ecological damage when populations are widespread in freshwater systems within the United States. Resource managers in the United States have few chemical control tools to selectively remove nuisance fish. This study examined whether Antimycin–A (antimycin) wax encapsulated microparticles could cause selective lethality in invasive carps. The...
Authors
Blake W. Sauey, Gavin N. Saari, Joel G. Putnam, Justine E. Nelson, James J. Wamboldt, J. Nolan Steiner, Robin D. Calfee
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Toxicity of a management bait for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) incorporated with Antimycin A

No current technology can specifically target grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for control within aquatic ecosystems. Rotenone and Carbon Dioxide-Carp are currently the only available registered pesticides for grass carp; they are nonselective and typically applied throughout the water, equally exposing target and native species. A more selective control tool or pesticide application...
Authors
James J. Wamboldt, J. Nolan Steiner, Blake W. Sauey, Bryan Lada, Joel G. Putnam, Brianne Marjorie Korducki, Gavin N. Saari
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Mussel mass mortality in the Clinch River, USA: Metabolomics detects affected pathways and biomarkers of stress

Biologists monitoring freshwater mussel (order Unionida) populations rely on behavioral, often subjective, signs to identify moribund (“sick”) or stressed mussels, such as gaping valves and slow response to probing, and they lack clinical indicators to support a diagnosis. As part of a multi-year study to investigate causes of reoccurring mortality of pheasantshell (Ortmanniana pectorosa...
Authors
Joel G. Putnam, J. Nolan Steiner, Jordon Richard, Eric Leis, Tony Goldberg, Christopher D. Dunn, Rose Agbalog, Susan Knowles, Diane L. Waller
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Further bacteriological analysis of annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussel mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, reveals a consistent association with Yokenella Regensburgei

Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussels in the Clinch River (Tennessee/Virginia, USA) have declined dramatically in recent years. The bacterium Yokenella regensburgei was first isolated with high prevalence from Pheasantshells during the peak of a 2017 mortality event, but it was not identified after mortality subsided a few months later. Since 2017, Pheasantshell mortality in the...
Authors
Eric Leis, Sara Dziki, Jordan Richard, Rose Agbalog, Diane L. Waller, Joel G. Putnam, Susan Knowles, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Freshwater mussels show elevated viral richness and intensity during a mortality event

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are among the world’s most imperiled taxa, but the relationship between freshwater mussel mortality events and infectious disease is largely unstudied. We surveyed viromes of a widespread and abundant species (mucket, Actinonaias ligamentina; syn: Ortmanniana ligamentina) experiencing a mortality event of unknown etiology in the Huron River, Michigan, in...
Authors
Jordan Richard, Eric Leis, Christopher D. Dunn, Cleyo Harris, Rose Agbalog, Lewis J. Campbell, Susan Knowles, Diane L. Waller, Joel G. Putnam, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Quantitative method development to determine feed consumption using a dye

Although there are many methods to determine ingestion and absorption of aquafeeds, none exist that are simple, cost-effective, and quantitative and that can mark fish with a long-lasting, visible indicator. In addition to aquafeed development, selective baits are needed that can be used for aquatic invasive species removal efforts, including for Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Bait...
Authors
James J. Wamboldt, Justine Nelson, Linnea M Thomas, J. Nolan Steiner, Jillian Hebert, Richard A. Erickson, Joel G. Putnam
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

A novel gonadotropic microsporidian parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) infecting a declining population of pheasantshell mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of their population decline are often enigmatic, with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) and mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) during an epidemiologic survey investigating an ongoing mussel mass mortality...
Authors
Susan Knowles, Eric M. Leis, Jordan C. Richard, Rebecca A. Cole, Rose E. Agbalog, Joel G. Putnam, Tony L. Goldberg, Diane L. Waller
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Mussel mass mortality and the microbiome: Evidence for shifts in the bacterial microbiome of a declining freshwater bivalve

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasantshells (Actinonaias pectorosa) from the Clinch River, USA, during a multi-year mass mortality event. Bacterial loads were approximately 2 logs higher...
Authors
Jordan Richard, Lewis J. Campbell, Eric Leis, Rose Agbalog, Christopher D. Dunn, Diane L. Waller, Susan Knowles, Joel G. Putnam, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Literature review for candidate chemical control agents for nonnative crayfish

Nonnative crayfish are an immediate and pervasive threat to aquatic environments and their biodiversity. Crayfish control can be achieved by physical methods, water chemistry modification, biological methods, biocidal application, and application of crayfish physiology modifiers. The purpose of this report is to identify suitable candidates for potential control of nonnative crayfish...
Authors
Justin R. Schueller, Justin Smerud, Kim T. Fredricks, Joel G. Putnam
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus

Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are among the world’s most biodiverse but imperiled taxa. Recent unionid mass mortality events around the world threaten ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat stabilization, and food web enhancement, but causes have remained elusive. To examine potential infectious causes of these declines, we studied mussels in Clinch...
Authors
Jordon Richard, Eric Leis, Christopher D. Dunn, Rose Agbalog, Diane L. Waller, Susan Knowles, Joel G. Putnam, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Building a response network to investigate potential pathogens associated with unionid mortality events

Unexplained mortality events have confounded the mussel conservation community for over 30 years. While the effects of chemical pollutants and environmental factors have been examined, few investigations have focused on the identification of potential mussel pathogens. Consequently, very little is known regarding the impact that pathogens have on freshwater mussel health, especially as...
Authors
Eric Leis, Diane L. Waller, Susan Knowles, Tony Goldberg, Joel G. Putnam, Jordan Richard, Sarah Erickson, Emilie Blevins, Jesse Weinzinger
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Using silver and bighead carp cell lines for the identification of a unique metabolite fingerprint from thiram-specific chemical exposure

Conservation biology often requires the control of invasive species. One method is the development and use of biocides. Identifying new chemicals as part of the biocide registration approval process can require screening millions of compounds. Traditionally, screening new chemicals has been done in vivo using test organisms. Using in vitro (e.g., cell lines) and in silico (e.g., computer...
Authors
Joel G. Putnam, Justine Nelson, Eric M. Leis, Richard A. Erickson, Terrance D. Hubert, Jon J. Amberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Indiana mussel metabolomics data analysis

This repository contains code to cluster a sample of Mussels based up their metabolic levels via Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and distance based-Redundancy Analysis (db-RDA). Mussel sample is broken down and examined by catch location, sex, and species. The code for this project assumes the reader is familiar with R and clustering techniques.
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Science and Products

link
USGS scientists performing tox trials on native and non-native species of fish.

Screening toxic compounds using cellular assays

This study is designed to be a high-throughput alternative to traditional methods of using whole fish assays to screen compounds for toxicity. This approach involves an initial pre-screening of a chemical databank to select molecules possessing characteristics identified as predictive criteria for potential toxicity to the fathead minnow, followed by cytotoxicity screening of selected compounds...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
link

Screening toxic compounds using cellular assays

This study is designed to be a high-throughput alternative to traditional methods of using whole fish assays to screen compounds for toxicity. This approach involves an initial pre-screening of a chemical databank to select molecules possessing characteristics identified as predictive criteria for potential toxicity to the fathead minnow, followed by cytotoxicity screening of selected compounds...
Learn More
link
Asian Carp mouth showing gills.

Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Model-based Candidate Chemical Toxicants to Native and Nonnative Fish Species in Static Exposures

Invasive fishes are of considerable concern to aquatic resource managers. For example, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), originally brought over from Eurasia sometime in the 1800s are now ubiquitous in U.S. waters. Although they have been around for over 100 years and have become part of U.S. culture, they are still highly detrimental to aquatic ecosystems and a method to eradicate and control of...
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
link

Determination of the Acute Toxicity of Model-based Candidate Chemical Toxicants to Native and Nonnative Fish Species in Static Exposures

Invasive fishes are of considerable concern to aquatic resource managers. For example, the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), originally brought over from Eurasia sometime in the 1800s are now ubiquitous in U.S. waters. Although they have been around for over 100 years and have become part of U.S. culture, they are still highly detrimental to aquatic ecosystems and a method to eradicate and control of...
Learn More

Data release for a novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp

Invasive carp pose substantial economic and ecological damage when populations are widespread in freshwater systems within the United States of America (USA). Resource managers in the USA have a limited number of chemical control tools to selectively remove nuisance fish. The present study examined whether Antimycin-A (antimycin) wax encapsulated microparticles could cause selective...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Data release for toxicity of Antimycin A incorporated management bait for grass carp

The goal of this study was to develop and examine whether a management bait that can be used for selective control of grass carp. Our objectives were to 1) quantify the water-based 24-h LC50 of Antimycin-A for grass carp and rainbow trout, 2) quantify the 96-h LD50 of orally administered Antimycin-A laden bait for grass carp and rainbow trout, 3) quantify the leaching rate of Antimycin-A...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Metabolomic analysis of pheasantshell mussel (Ortmanniana pectorosa; Order Unionida) from a mass mortality event in the Clinch River, Virginia and Tennessee, USA

This dataset uses the ITIS recommended Ortmanniana pectorosa, Conrad, 1834 in place of Actinonaias pectorosa, which was used in the Richard et al. 2020 manuscript. Biologists monitoring freshwater mussel (Order Unionida) populations rely on behavioral, often subjective, symptoms to identify “sick” or stressed animals, such as gaping valves and slow response to probing and lack clinical...
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Characterization of occurrence and abundance of targeted metabolites in unionid mussels from three streams

The data consists of targeted metabolite analysis (using quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectroscopy;UHPLC-QTOF-MS) of hemolymph from two freshwater mussel species (Lampsilis cardium and L. siliquoidea) from three streams in Indiana. Concentrations of metabolites were modeled by species, stream and sex to determine the influence of each parameter.
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

A Novel Gonadotropic Microsporidian Parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) Infecting a Declining Population of Pheasantshell Mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of population declines are often enigmatic with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) and mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) during an epidemiologic survey investigating an ongoing mussel mass mortality event...
By
Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, Species Management Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center

A novel tool to selectively deliver a control agent to filter-feeding silver and bighead carp

Invasive carp pose substantial economic and ecological damage when populations are widespread in freshwater systems within the United States. Resource managers in the United States have few chemical control tools to selectively remove nuisance fish. This study examined whether Antimycin–A (antimycin) wax encapsulated microparticles could cause selective lethality in invasive carps. The...
Authors
Blake W. Sauey, Gavin N. Saari, Joel G. Putnam, Justine E. Nelson, James J. Wamboldt, J. Nolan Steiner, Robin D. Calfee
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Toxicity of a management bait for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) incorporated with Antimycin A

No current technology can specifically target grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for control within aquatic ecosystems. Rotenone and Carbon Dioxide-Carp are currently the only available registered pesticides for grass carp; they are nonselective and typically applied throughout the water, equally exposing target and native species. A more selective control tool or pesticide application...
Authors
James J. Wamboldt, J. Nolan Steiner, Blake W. Sauey, Bryan Lada, Joel G. Putnam, Brianne Marjorie Korducki, Gavin N. Saari
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Mussel mass mortality in the Clinch River, USA: Metabolomics detects affected pathways and biomarkers of stress

Biologists monitoring freshwater mussel (order Unionida) populations rely on behavioral, often subjective, signs to identify moribund (“sick”) or stressed mussels, such as gaping valves and slow response to probing, and they lack clinical indicators to support a diagnosis. As part of a multi-year study to investigate causes of reoccurring mortality of pheasantshell (Ortmanniana pectorosa...
Authors
Joel G. Putnam, J. Nolan Steiner, Jordon Richard, Eric Leis, Tony Goldberg, Christopher D. Dunn, Rose Agbalog, Susan Knowles, Diane L. Waller
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Further bacteriological analysis of annual Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussel mortality events in the Clinch River (Virginia/Tennessee), USA, reveals a consistent association with Yokenella Regensburgei

Pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) mussels in the Clinch River (Tennessee/Virginia, USA) have declined dramatically in recent years. The bacterium Yokenella regensburgei was first isolated with high prevalence from Pheasantshells during the peak of a 2017 mortality event, but it was not identified after mortality subsided a few months later. Since 2017, Pheasantshell mortality in the...
Authors
Eric Leis, Sara Dziki, Jordan Richard, Rose Agbalog, Diane L. Waller, Joel G. Putnam, Susan Knowles, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Freshwater mussels show elevated viral richness and intensity during a mortality event

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are among the world’s most imperiled taxa, but the relationship between freshwater mussel mortality events and infectious disease is largely unstudied. We surveyed viromes of a widespread and abundant species (mucket, Actinonaias ligamentina; syn: Ortmanniana ligamentina) experiencing a mortality event of unknown etiology in the Huron River, Michigan, in...
Authors
Jordan Richard, Eric Leis, Christopher D. Dunn, Cleyo Harris, Rose Agbalog, Lewis J. Campbell, Susan Knowles, Diane L. Waller, Joel G. Putnam, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Quantitative method development to determine feed consumption using a dye

Although there are many methods to determine ingestion and absorption of aquafeeds, none exist that are simple, cost-effective, and quantitative and that can mark fish with a long-lasting, visible indicator. In addition to aquafeed development, selective baits are needed that can be used for aquatic invasive species removal efforts, including for Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Bait...
Authors
James J. Wamboldt, Justine Nelson, Linnea M Thomas, J. Nolan Steiner, Jillian Hebert, Richard A. Erickson, Joel G. Putnam
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

A novel gonadotropic microsporidian parasite (Microsporidium clinchi n. sp.) infecting a declining population of pheasantshell mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) (Unioinidae) from the Clinch River, USA

Freshwater mussels of the order Unionida are among the most endangered animal groups globally, but the causes of their population decline are often enigmatic, with little known about the role of disease. In 2018, we collected wild adult pheasantshell (Actinonaias pectorosa) and mucket (Actinonaias ligamentina) during an epidemiologic survey investigating an ongoing mussel mass mortality...
Authors
Susan Knowles, Eric M. Leis, Jordan C. Richard, Rebecca A. Cole, Rose E. Agbalog, Joel G. Putnam, Tony L. Goldberg, Diane L. Waller
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Mussel mass mortality and the microbiome: Evidence for shifts in the bacterial microbiome of a declining freshwater bivalve

Freshwater mussels (Unionida) are suffering mass mortality events worldwide, but the causes remain enigmatic. Here, we describe an analysis of bacterial loads, community structure, and inferred metabolic pathways in the hemolymph of pheasantshells (Actinonaias pectorosa) from the Clinch River, USA, during a multi-year mass mortality event. Bacterial loads were approximately 2 logs higher...
Authors
Jordan Richard, Lewis J. Campbell, Eric Leis, Rose Agbalog, Christopher D. Dunn, Diane L. Waller, Susan Knowles, Joel G. Putnam, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Literature review for candidate chemical control agents for nonnative crayfish

Nonnative crayfish are an immediate and pervasive threat to aquatic environments and their biodiversity. Crayfish control can be achieved by physical methods, water chemistry modification, biological methods, biocidal application, and application of crayfish physiology modifiers. The purpose of this report is to identify suitable candidates for potential control of nonnative crayfish...
Authors
Justin R. Schueller, Justin Smerud, Kim T. Fredricks, Joel G. Putnam
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Mass mortality in freshwater mussels (Actinonaias pectorosa) in the Clinch River, USA, linked to a novel densovirus

Freshwater mussels (order Unionida) are among the world’s most biodiverse but imperiled taxa. Recent unionid mass mortality events around the world threaten ecosystem services such as water filtration, nutrient cycling, habitat stabilization, and food web enhancement, but causes have remained elusive. To examine potential infectious causes of these declines, we studied mussels in Clinch...
Authors
Jordon Richard, Eric Leis, Christopher D. Dunn, Rose Agbalog, Diane L. Waller, Susan Knowles, Joel G. Putnam, Tony Goldberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Building a response network to investigate potential pathogens associated with unionid mortality events

Unexplained mortality events have confounded the mussel conservation community for over 30 years. While the effects of chemical pollutants and environmental factors have been examined, few investigations have focused on the identification of potential mussel pathogens. Consequently, very little is known regarding the impact that pathogens have on freshwater mussel health, especially as...
Authors
Eric Leis, Diane L. Waller, Susan Knowles, Tony Goldberg, Joel G. Putnam, Jordan Richard, Sarah Erickson, Emilie Blevins, Jesse Weinzinger
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Using silver and bighead carp cell lines for the identification of a unique metabolite fingerprint from thiram-specific chemical exposure

Conservation biology often requires the control of invasive species. One method is the development and use of biocides. Identifying new chemicals as part of the biocide registration approval process can require screening millions of compounds. Traditionally, screening new chemicals has been done in vivo using test organisms. Using in vitro (e.g., cell lines) and in silico (e.g., computer...
Authors
Joel G. Putnam, Justine Nelson, Eric M. Leis, Richard A. Erickson, Terrance D. Hubert, Jon J. Amberg
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

Indiana mussel metabolomics data analysis

This repository contains code to cluster a sample of Mussels based up their metabolic levels via Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and distance based-Redundancy Analysis (db-RDA). Mussel sample is broken down and examined by catch location, sex, and species. The code for this project assumes the reader is familiar with R and clustering techniques.
By
Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center
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