Luke J Fara

Aerial ocular surveys used by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service provide the most cost and time-efficient method to evaluate the relative abundance and spatial distributions of breeding, staging, and wintering waterbirds. However, the survey method is subject to substantial visibility bias, and visibility correction factors must be calculated to correct for incomplete detection...

The Mississippi flyway is one of the most important flyways in North America providing habitat for songbirds, shorebirds, and waterfowl, especially the canvasback duck ( Aythya valisineria ), tundra swan ( Cygnus columbianus ), and scaup ( Aythya spp. ). During their migration, it is energetically favorable if migrating birds can rest and refuel in areas without stressors such as hunters, boats...