Sean P. Gaynor, Ph.D.
Sean Gaynor is a Research Geologist with the USGS Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry (G3) Science Center in Denver, CO.
I am an economic geologist focused on generating and integrating datasets to better understand geological and societal aspects of mineral resources, ranging from their formation in mineral systems to documenting mining operations, including both active and legacy features.
Through my career, I’ve worked on understanding rates and sources of geologic processes, and largely approach these types of scientific questions using radiogenic isotope geochemistry and geochronology, while integrating other sub-disciplinary approaches such as sedimentology, structural geology or geophysics. My research interests include economic geology, large igneous provinces, batholith formation, supervolcano eruptions, igneous petrology, global climate change in deep time, thermochronology, the geochemical evolution of the lithosphere, extensional tectonics and the development of high-precision geochronology. My research has spanned over several continents and included geologic research ranging from the Archean to the present, and ore and mineral deposits in the Colorado Mineral Belt, the Southern Rocky Mountains, the Arizona-New Mexico porphyry Cu belt, South Africa, Croatia, Serbia, China and Nicaragua.
Professional Experience
Research Geologist (2024-present)
Associate Research Specialist, Princeton University (2022-2024)
Postdoctoral Researcher, University of Geneva (2019-2022)
Geoscience Intern, Anadarko Petroleum Company (2018)
Geoscience Intern, Chevron Mining Inc. (2013, 2014)
Research and Teaching Assistant, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2013-2017)
Graduate Research Consultant, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2013)
Teaching Assistant, New Mexico State University (2011-2013)
Education and Certifications
Ph.D., Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2018)
M.S., Geological Sciences, New Mexico State University (2013)
B.S., Geological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (2011)
Affiliations and Memberships*
American Geophysical Union
European Association of Geochemistry
European Geophysical Union
Geological Society of America
Society of Economic Geologists
Science and Products
Porphyry Copper Systems of the Boulder batholith, Montana
Northern Rocky Mountains Transect
Magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray spectrometry measurements in southwestern Montana, 2025 Magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray spectrometry measurements in southwestern Montana, 2025
Depth of magma crystallization and fluid exsolution beneath the porphyry-skarn Cu deposits at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA Depth of magma crystallization and fluid exsolution beneath the porphyry-skarn Cu deposits at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA
RioM-1: A new calcite reference material for U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology RioM-1: A new calcite reference material for U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology
Widespread anhydrite saturation in Laramide-age arc magmas of southwestern USA Widespread anhydrite saturation in Laramide-age arc magmas of southwestern USA
Tertiary metallogeny of the Rocky Mountains Province, USA Tertiary metallogeny of the Rocky Mountains Province, USA
Tracing fluid evolution during batholith and deposit formation: In-situ and bulk rock Mo isotopes from the Questa porphyry Mo deposit, New Mexico, USA Tracing fluid evolution during batholith and deposit formation: In-situ and bulk rock Mo isotopes from the Questa porphyry Mo deposit, New Mexico, USA
Mine waste as a potential source of critical minerals and other commodities: Examples from the Four Corners states, USA Mine waste as a potential source of critical minerals and other commodities: Examples from the Four Corners states, USA
Estimating the hypothetical endowment of critical minerals and other commodities in porphyry copper mine waste in the Four Corners states, USA Estimating the hypothetical endowment of critical minerals and other commodities in porphyry copper mine waste in the Four Corners states, USA
Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia
Insights from megacryst-included zircon dates on the spatial extent of magma mixing in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, California, USA Insights from megacryst-included zircon dates on the spatial extent of magma mixing in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, California, USA
High-precision U-Pb data and reference age for Emerald Lake apatite High-precision U-Pb data and reference age for Emerald Lake apatite
Widespread occurrence of former anhydrite phenocrysts in Laramide-age magmas related to porphyry-skarn Cu mineralization at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA Widespread occurrence of former anhydrite phenocrysts in Laramide-age magmas related to porphyry-skarn Cu mineralization at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA
Spread and frequency of explosive silicic volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region during Early Miocene: Clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinaridesion during Early Miocene: clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinarides Spread and frequency of explosive silicic volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region during Early Miocene: Clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinaridesion during Early Miocene: clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinarides
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Investigating the mineral potential of the Boulder batholith Investigating the mineral potential of the Boulder batholith
Science and Products
Porphyry Copper Systems of the Boulder batholith, Montana
Northern Rocky Mountains Transect
Magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray spectrometry measurements in southwestern Montana, 2025 Magnetic susceptibility and gamma ray spectrometry measurements in southwestern Montana, 2025
Depth of magma crystallization and fluid exsolution beneath the porphyry-skarn Cu deposits at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA Depth of magma crystallization and fluid exsolution beneath the porphyry-skarn Cu deposits at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA
RioM-1: A new calcite reference material for U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology RioM-1: A new calcite reference material for U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology
Widespread anhydrite saturation in Laramide-age arc magmas of southwestern USA Widespread anhydrite saturation in Laramide-age arc magmas of southwestern USA
Tertiary metallogeny of the Rocky Mountains Province, USA Tertiary metallogeny of the Rocky Mountains Province, USA
Tracing fluid evolution during batholith and deposit formation: In-situ and bulk rock Mo isotopes from the Questa porphyry Mo deposit, New Mexico, USA Tracing fluid evolution during batholith and deposit formation: In-situ and bulk rock Mo isotopes from the Questa porphyry Mo deposit, New Mexico, USA
Mine waste as a potential source of critical minerals and other commodities: Examples from the Four Corners states, USA Mine waste as a potential source of critical minerals and other commodities: Examples from the Four Corners states, USA
Estimating the hypothetical endowment of critical minerals and other commodities in porphyry copper mine waste in the Four Corners states, USA Estimating the hypothetical endowment of critical minerals and other commodities in porphyry copper mine waste in the Four Corners states, USA
Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia
Insights from megacryst-included zircon dates on the spatial extent of magma mixing in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, California, USA Insights from megacryst-included zircon dates on the spatial extent of magma mixing in the Tuolumne Intrusive Suite, California, USA
High-precision U-Pb data and reference age for Emerald Lake apatite High-precision U-Pb data and reference age for Emerald Lake apatite
Widespread occurrence of former anhydrite phenocrysts in Laramide-age magmas related to porphyry-skarn Cu mineralization at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA Widespread occurrence of former anhydrite phenocrysts in Laramide-age magmas related to porphyry-skarn Cu mineralization at Santa Rita and Hanover-Fierro, New Mexico, USA
Spread and frequency of explosive silicic volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region during Early Miocene: Clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinaridesion during Early Miocene: clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinarides Spread and frequency of explosive silicic volcanism of the Carpathian-Pannonian Region during Early Miocene: Clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinaridesion during Early Miocene: clues from the SW Pannonian Basin and the Dinarides
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Investigating the mineral potential of the Boulder batholith Investigating the mineral potential of the Boulder batholith
*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government