Susan Hall is the uranium resource specialist at the US Geological Survey. She leads a project that estimates uranium remaining unmined in the US to help determine if potential supply is adequate to fuel US nuclear reactors.
Career History and Highlights:
Dr. Hall is an economic geologist at the USGS Central Energy Resources Science Center based in Denver, Colorado. She is the uranium resource specialist for the USGS, leading the uranium resource evaluation project for the US and also working on uranium environmental issues and international uranium supply and demand. Since she began her USGS career in 2008, she has revitalized the USGS uranium resources program; planning, securing funding, evaluating the efficacy of modeling methodologies, and initiating the first comprehensive, domestic uranium resource assessment since 1980.
She creatively applies cutting edge analytic techniques to develop genetic models for complex mineral systems. Her publications are described as “benchmark references” which success she attributes to the practical experience gained during a 20 year career in the mining industry before joining USGS coupled with the ability to seek out specialized expertise and develop successful research teams comprised of scientists in academia, industry, state and other federal agencies. She is a recognized international expert in uranium mineral systems. Her analysis of the underlying controls of these systems has taken her around the world to study deposits throughout North and South America, Europe and Africa.
Her investigations into the groundwater impacts of in-situ uranium mining, developed in collaboration with industry and state regulators, were used as scientific basis for regulations developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency. She contributes her technical expertise to tribal nations, state, and federal agencies to help evaluate remediation strategies for legacy uranium mines.
Dr. Hall has been invited to speak to U.S. Congress, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Agency, the U.S. Department of Energy, environmental law conferences, and industry forums and has been a keynote speaker and panelist at International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conferences. Her expertise also extends to issues of international uranium supply and demand. In this role she chairs the IAEA-Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency Uranium Group as the first American to chair this group of international uranium resource experts in 30 years, and the first woman ever to hold this position.
Science and Products
Uranium Mineral Systems
Microanalysis of samples collected from sandstone-hosted uranium and vanadium deposits in the Colorado Plateau: Utah, New Mexico and Colorado, USA
Microanalysis of samples collected from the Sulfur Springs Draw calcrete-type uranium deposit in the Southern High Plains, Texas, USA
Whole rock geochemistry and comparative leachability of variably bleached and red sandstones of the Permian Cutler Formation, Mesa County, Colorado
Location, description, and whole rock geochemistry of rocks from the Coles Hill uranium deposit and vicinity, south-central Virginia
Historic groundwater quality of in situ recovery (ISR) uranium mines, Texas
Grade, tonnage, and location data for world calcrete-type surficial uranium deposits
Locatable Mineral Assessment Tracts for the U.S. Geological Survey Sagebrush Mineral Resource Assessment Project
Sandstone-hosted uranium deposits of the Colorado Plateau, USA
Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadiu
The Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA: Geology, geochemistry, geochronology, and genetic model
Using fission-track radiography coupled with scanning electron microscopy for efficient identification of solid-phase uranium mineralogy at a former uranium pilot mill (Grand Junction, Colorado)
Calcrete uranium deposits in the Southern High Plains, USA
Assessment of undiscovered resources in calcrete uranium deposits, Southern High Plains region of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, 2017
The discovery and character of Pleistocene calcrete uranium deposits in the Southern High Plains of west Texas, United States
Genetic and grade and tonnage models for sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, USA
Geology and mineral resources of the Sheldon-Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex (Oregon and Nevada), the Southeastern Oregon and North-Central Nevada, and the Southern Idaho and Northern Nevada (and Utah) Sagebrush Focal Areas: Chapter B in
Assessment of undiscovered sandstone-hosted uranium resources in the Texas Coastal Plain, 2015
Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009
Review of the NURE assessment of the U.S. Gulf Coast Uranium Province
Science and Products
- Science
Uranium Mineral Systems
To assure adequate uranium to supply electricity from nuclear power, the US Geological Survey is working to better understand the genetic controls, distribution, and quantities of domestic uranium. Because of the heavy reliance on imported uranium, scientists also lead international groups of uranium resource experts to monitor world uranium supply. This research benefits the mining industry... - Data
Microanalysis of samples collected from sandstone-hosted uranium and vanadium deposits in the Colorado Plateau: Utah, New Mexico and Colorado, USA
These data are microanalyses of 91 polished thin sections that were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) to identify minerals and observe their relationships at high magnification. Samples are from the Triassic Chinle and Jurassic Morrison Formations and adjacent units, which are the main hosts for sandstone-hosted uranium-vanadiMicroanalysis of samples collected from the Sulfur Springs Draw calcrete-type uranium deposit in the Southern High Plains, Texas, USA
This data release presents the results of microanalysis of 2 samples SSD15_01A (1 thin section and 1 composite chip sample), and SSD15_01B (1 thin section). The samples were collected in 2015 by U.S. Geological Survey geologists Bradley Van Gosen and Susan Hall from surface exposures of uranium mineralization in Sulfur Springs Draw, in Martin County, Texas (Van Gosen and Hall, 2017). The samples wWhole rock geochemistry and comparative leachability of variably bleached and red sandstones of the Permian Cutler Formation, Mesa County, Colorado
Forty samples of outcropping rock samples were collected from the Permian Cutler Formation exposed in the Sinbad Valley, Mesa County, Colorado by USGS volunteer Jon Thorson. This sample set includes 13 pairs of co-existing red unaltered and yellow-grey bleached sandstone. The decimal latitude and longitude locations of the sample collection sites are listed in the "All_Rock_Data" worksheet in theLocation, description, and whole rock geochemistry of rocks from the Coles Hill uranium deposit and vicinity, south-central Virginia
Major-element and trace-element concentrations in 76 core samples and seven surface samples of rocks from the Coles Hill uranium deposit and vicinity, Pittsylvania County, south-central Virginia are presented as tabular digital data. The Coles Hill deposit is the largest unmined uranium deposit in the United States. The data were collected to 1) characterize the chemistry of variably uranium-minerHistoric groundwater quality of in situ recovery (ISR) uranium mines, Texas
In situ recovery (ISR) uranium mining is a technique in which uranium is extracted by a series of injection and recovery wells developed in a permeable sandstone host rock. Chemical constituents (lixiviants) are added to groundwater injection wells to mobilize uranium into groundwater. Before mining, baseline water quality is measured by sampling groundwater from the aquifer intended to be mined aGrade, tonnage, and location data for world calcrete-type surficial uranium deposits
Grade and tonnage data for calcrete-type surficial uranium deposits found in 11 different countries were compiled. Fifty-eight deposits with reported grade and tonnage, and thirty-five occurrences for which there is no reported resource are tabulated in separate Excel workbook spreadsheets.Locatable Mineral Assessment Tracts for the U.S. Geological Survey Sagebrush Mineral Resource Assessment Project
The polygon (vector) feature class represents locatable mineral resource assessment tracts (tracts of land) associated with the Department of the Interior (DOI) Sagebrush Focal Areas in Montana, Wyoming and Utah, central Idaho, and the Oregon-Nevada-Idaho border area. The mineral resources tracts are geographic areas that were assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and were determined to be - Multimedia
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Sandstone-hosted uranium deposits of the Colorado Plateau, USA
More than 4,000 sandstone-hosted uranium occurrences host over 1.2 billion pounds of mined and in situ U3O8 throughout the Colorado Plateau. Most of the resources are in two distinct mineral systems with deposits hosted in the Triassic Chinle and Jurassic Morrison Formations. In the Chinle mineral system, base metal sulfides typically accompany mineralization. The Morrison mineral system is characFocus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadiu
The Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI) is conducted in phases to identify areas for acquiring new geologic framework data to identify potential domestic resources of the 35 mineral materials designated as critical minerals for the United States. This report describes the data sources and summary results for 13 critical minerals evaluated in the conterminous United States and Puerto RicThe Coles Hill uranium deposit, Virginia, USA: Geology, geochemistry, geochronology, and genetic model
The Coles Hill uranium deposit with an indicated resource of about 130 million lbs. of U3O8 is the largest unmined uranium deposit in the United States. The deposit is hosted in the Taconian (approximately 480 – 450 Ma) Martinsville igneous complex, which consists of the Ordovician Leatherwood Granite (granodiorite) and Silurian Rich Acres Formation (diorite). The host rock was metamorphosed to orUsing fission-track radiography coupled with scanning electron microscopy for efficient identification of solid-phase uranium mineralogy at a former uranium pilot mill (Grand Junction, Colorado)
At a former uranium pilot mill in Grand Junction, Colorado, mine tailings and some subpile sediments were excavated to various depths to meet surface radiological standards, but residual solid-phase uranium below these excavation depths still occurs at concentrations above background. The combination of fission-track radiography and scanning electron microscope energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopyCalcrete uranium deposits in the Southern High Plains, USA
The Southern High Plains (SHP) is a new and emerging U.S. uranium province. Here, uranyl vanadates form deposits in Pliocene to Pleistocene sandstone, dolomite, and limestone. Fifteen calcrete uranium occurrences are identified; two of these, the Buzzard Draw and Sulfur Springs Draw deposits, have combined in-place resources estimated at about 4 million pounds of U3O8. Ore minerals carnotite and fAssessment of undiscovered resources in calcrete uranium deposits, Southern High Plains region of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma, 2017
The U.S. Geological Survey estimates a mean of 40 million pounds of in-place uranium oxide (U3O8) remaining as potential undiscovered resources in the Southern High Plains region of Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma. This estimate used a geology-based assessment method specific to calcrete uranium deposits.The discovery and character of Pleistocene calcrete uranium deposits in the Southern High Plains of west Texas, United States
This report describes the discovery and geology of two near-surface uranium deposits within calcareous lacustrine strata of Pleistocene age in west Texas, United States. Calcrete uranium deposits have not been previously reported in the United States. The west Texas uranium deposits share characteristics with some calcrete uranium deposits in Western Australia—uranium-vanadium minerals hosted by nGenetic and grade and tonnage models for sandstone-hosted roll-type uranium deposits, Texas Coastal Plain, USA
The coincidence of a number of geologic and climatic factors combined to create conditions favorable for the development of mineable concentrations of uranium hosted by Eocene through Pliocene sandstones in the Texas Coastal Plain. Here 254 uranium occurrences, including 169 deposits, 73 prospects, 6 showings and 4 anomalies, have been identified. About 80 million pounds of U3O8 have been producedGeology and mineral resources of the Sheldon-Hart Mountain National Wildlife Refuge Complex (Oregon and Nevada), the Southeastern Oregon and North-Central Nevada, and the Southern Idaho and Northern Nevada (and Utah) Sagebrush Focal Areas: Chapter B in
SummaryThe U.S. Department of the Interior has proposed to withdraw approximately 10 million acres of Federal lands from mineral entry (subject to valid existing rights) from 12 million acres of lands defined as Sagebrush Focal Areas (SFAs) in Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, and Wyoming (for further discussion on the lands involved see Scientific Investigations Report 2016–5089–A). The purpoAssessment of undiscovered sandstone-hosted uranium resources in the Texas Coastal Plain, 2015
The U.S. Geological Survey estimated a mean of 220 million pounds of recoverable uranium oxide (U3O8 ) remaining as potential undiscovered resources in southern Texas. This estimate used a geology-based assessment method for Tertiary sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the Texas Coastal Plain sedimentary strata (fig.1).Coles Hill Uranium Deposit, Virginia, United States, and the Application of UNFC-2009
The case study presented here reviews the uranium resource estimates and summarizes the property situation of the Coles Hill uranium Deposit. Uranium resources at Coles Hill are then classified according to UNFC-2009. The Coles Hill Deposit is located in Pittsylvania County, southern Virginia, United States (Figure 14). Coles Hill was discovered by the Marline Corporation who identified an outcropReview of the NURE assessment of the U.S. Gulf Coast Uranium Province
Historic exploration and development were used to evaluate the reliability of domestic uranium reserves and potential resources estimated by the U.S. Department of Energy national uranium resource evaluation (NURE) program in the U.S. Gulf Coast Uranium Province. NURE estimated 87 million pounds of reserves in the $30/lb U3O8 cost category in the Coast Plain uranium resource region, most in the Gu - News