W. Dean Hively is a Research Physical Scientist with the USGS Eastern Geographic Science Center, where he leads a task titled 'Understanding Agricultural Conservation Practices.' He is posted to the USDA Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory.
His research uses a combination of satellite and proximal multispectral and hyperspectral sensors, along with on-farm sampling and access to farm management records, to map and evaluate the plant biomass, nitrogen content, and vegetative ground cover associated with winter cover cropped fields. Separate toolkits are developed using privacy protected datasets (farm management practices and cover crop performance) and using public datasets (wintertime vegetative groundcover by crop type). Additionally, using the SWIR bands provided by the Worldview 3 satellite, the project is able to map the distribution of crop residue and tillage intensity on working farms, based on detection of cellulose absorption features.
In addition, Dean is the lead for maintaining the USGS status as a Conservation Cooperator with the USDA, and coordinates the annual acquisition of privacy protected conservation data from USDA agencies and the production of aggregated datasets for public release.
This information informs adaptive management of conservation resources by Chesapeake Bay Program Partners, and links the agricultural landscape to water quality outcomes by documenting the implementation and performance of conservation practices at the watershed scale.
The work is supported by the USGS Land Change Science and Priority Ecosystem Services programs
EDUCATION
Ph.D. 2004. Cornell University Department of Natural Resources
Masters of Science. 1998. Cornell University Department of Soil, Crop and Atmospheric Sciences
Bachelor of Arts. 1990. Harvard University
EMPLOYMENT
Research Physical Scientist, April 2009 –present, United States Geological Survey (USGS), Eastern Geographic Science Center, Reston, VA.
Soil Scientist, March 2005 – April 2009, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD.
Consulting Scientist, Part time, 2002 – March 2005, New York State Water Resources Institute.
Postdoctoral Associate, April 2004 – March 2005, Van Es Soil Physical Health Laboratory, Department of Crop and Soil Science, Cornell University.
Farm Worker, part and full time, 1996 - 2000 and 2003 - 2004 Potenza Organic Farms, Trumansburg, N.Y.
Field Educator, part-time, 2000 - 2002 Black Locust Initiative, Trumansburg, N.Y.
Coordinator, part time, 1996 - 1998 Cornell Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems Seminar Series.
Agroforestry Extension Agent 1991 - 1993 U.S. Peace Corps, Senegal, West Africa.
AWARDS
Bronze Medal award from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 201
Science and Products
Providing information on the implementation of agricultural practices in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Winter cover crop biomass sampling at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 2019-2021, with corresponding Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 derived indices and metrics
Reflectance spectra of agricultural field conditions supporting remote sensing evaluation of non-photosynthetic vegetation cover (ver. 1.1, November 2022)
WorldView-3 satellite imagery and crop residue field data collection, Talbot County, MD, May 2015
Near real-time detection of winter cover crop termination using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) to support ecosystem assessment
Optimizing Landsat Next shortwave infrared bands for crop residue characterization
Integration of satellite-based optical and synthetic aperture radar imagery to estimate winter cover crop performance in cereal grasses
Evaluation of SWIR crop residue bands for the Landsat Next mission
Sentinel-2 and WorldView-3 atmospheric correction and signal normalization based on ground-truth spectroradiometric measurements
Detecting cover crop end-of-season using VENµS and sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Using NASA Earth observations and Google Earth Engine to map winter cover crop conservation performance in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Estimating the effect of winter cover crops on nitrogen leaching using cost-share enrollment data, satellite remote sensing, and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeling
A within-season approach for detecting early crop stage of corn and soybean using high temporal and spatial resolution imagery
Fluxes of agricultural nitrogen and metolachlor metabolites are highly correlated in a first order stream in Maryland, USA
Mapping crop residue by combining Landsat and WorldView-3 satellite imagery
Agricultural conservation practice implementation in the Chesapeake Bay watershed supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Science and Products
- Science
Providing information on the implementation of agricultural practices in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Issue: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides cost-share funding and technical assistance to support the implementation of agricultural conservation practices on farms throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Farmer participation in USDA conservation programs is voluntary and the implementation data are privacy protected. - Data
Winter cover crop biomass sampling at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, 2019-2021, with corresponding Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 derived indices and metrics
This data release contains in situ biomass samples collected from cereal grain winter cover crop fields at the USDA-ARS Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Beltsville, MD, in the winters of 2019-20 and 2020-21. It also contains corresponding spectral reflectance and radar data acquired from the Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 satellite platforms on dates proximal to the biomass collection. Data areReflectance spectra of agricultural field conditions supporting remote sensing evaluation of non-photosynthetic vegetation cover (ver. 1.1, November 2022)
This data release contains spectra used to evaluate narrow-band shortwave infrared indices suitable for measurement of non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV). The original data were collected using a proximal Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpecPro spectroradiometer, and are also provided in various states of processing, all of which is described in the manuscripts referenced below. ItemsWorldView-3 satellite imagery and crop residue field data collection, Talbot County, MD, May 2015
This data release contains field sampling data collected on a farm located in Talbot County. Maryland, roadside survey data from the area surrounding the farm, and WorldView-3 satellite data of the study area. Datasets include: 1) CropResidueDataset.csv: Tabular data for 174 photo sampling locations with crop residue cover ranging from 0% to 98%, as well as line-point transect residue cover meas - Publications
Filter Total Items: 21
Near real-time detection of winter cover crop termination using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 (HLS) to support ecosystem assessment
Cover crops are planted to reduce soil erosion, increase soil fertility, and improve watershed management. In the Delmarva Peninsula of the eastern United States, winter cover crops are essential for reducing nutrient and sediment losses from farmland. Cost-share programs have been created to incentivize cover crops to achieve conservation objectives. This program required that cover crops be planOptimizing Landsat Next shortwave infrared bands for crop residue characterization
This study focused on optimizing the placement of shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands for pixel-level estimation of fractional crop residue cover (fR) for the upcoming Landsat Next mission. We applied an iterative wavelength shift approach to a database of crop residue field spectra collected in Beltsville, Maryland, USA (n = 916) and computed generalized two- and three-band spectral indices for all wIntegration of satellite-based optical and synthetic aperture radar imagery to estimate winter cover crop performance in cereal grasses
The magnitude of ecosystem services provided by winter cover crops is linked to their performance (i.e., biomass and associated nitrogen content, forage quality, and fractional ground cover), although few studies quantify these characteristics across the landscape. Remote sensing can produce landscape-level assessments of cover crop performance. However, commonly employed optical vegetation indiceEvaluation of SWIR crop residue bands for the Landsat Next mission
This research reports the findings of a Landsat Next expert review panel that evaluated the use of narrow shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance bands to measure ligno-cellulose absorption features centered near 2100 and 2300 nm, with the objective of measuring and mapping non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), crop residue cover, and the adoption of conservation tillage practices within agriculturalSentinel-2 and WorldView-3 atmospheric correction and signal normalization based on ground-truth spectroradiometric measurements
Remote sensing satellite Earth Observing Systems (EOS) provide a variety of products for monitoring Earth surface processes at varying spatial and spectral resolutions. Combining information from high and medium spatial resolution images is valuable for monitoring ground cover and vegetation status in cropland, grassland, forests, and other natural settings. However, coupling information from diffDetecting cover crop end-of-season using VENµS and sentinel-2 satellite imagery
Cover crops are planted during the off-season to protect the soil and improve watershed management. The ability to map cover crop termination dates over agricultural landscapes is essential for quantifying conservation practice implementation, and enabling estimation of biomass accumulation during the active cover period. Remote sensing detection of end-of-season (termination) for cover crops hasUsing NASA Earth observations and Google Earth Engine to map winter cover crop conservation performance in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Winter cover crops such as barley, rye, and wheat help to improve soil structure by increasing porosity, aggregate stability, and organic matter, while reducing the loss of agricultural nutrients and sediments into waterways. The environmental performance of cover crops is affected by choice of species, planting date, planting method, nutrient inputs, temperature, and precipitation. The Maryland DEstimating the effect of winter cover crops on nitrogen leaching using cost-share enrollment data, satellite remote sensing, and Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) modeling
This study employed a novel combination of data (winter cover crop cost-share enrollment records, satellite remote sensing of wintertime vegetation, and results of Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) water quality simulations) to estimate the environmental performance of winter cover crops (WCC) at the watershed scale, from 2008 through 2017, within the Tuckahoe sub-watershed of the Choptank RivA within-season approach for detecting early crop stage of corn and soybean using high temporal and spatial resolution imagery
Crop emergence is a critical stage for crop development and crop growth modeling. Mapping crop emergence using remote sensing data is challenging. Previous remote sensing phenology algorithms showed that crop stages could be detected around the V3-V4 (3 to 4 established leaves) vegetative stage. Traditional approaches have a strong assumption regarding the temporal evolution of plant growth and noFluxes of agricultural nitrogen and metolachlor metabolites are highly correlated in a first order stream in Maryland, USA
Nitrogen pollution in watersheds containing significant cropland area is generally problematic. Conservation practices intended to reduce nitrate-N (NO3--N) export from watersheds are being implemented by many regions without necessary tools to assess effectiveness of these abatement tools. A commonly used herbicide metolachlor degrades in the vadose zone of croplands to form two metabolites (metoMapping crop residue by combining Landsat and WorldView-3 satellite imagery
A unique, multi-tiered approach was applied to map crop-residue cover on the Eastern Shore of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Field measurements of crop-residue cover were used to calibrate residue mapping using shortwave infrared (SWIR) indices derived from WorldView-3 imagery for an 8-km x 8-km footprint. The resulting map was then used to calibrate and subsequently classify residue mapping of LandsatAgricultural conservation practice implementation in the Chesapeake Bay watershed supported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) provides cost-share funding and technical assistance to support the implementation of agricultural conservation practices on farms throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Conservation implementation has been substantial in the time period for which digital records are available (from 2007 through 2017). Farmer participation in USDA conservation programs i - News