Data

This Data Release summarizes the dating results from sedimentary deposits sampled by the USGS Geologic Hazards Team and analyzed at the USGS Luminescence Geochronology Laboratory. During field seasons 2023 and 2024, these samples were collected as part of the Abandoned Mine Lands Task of the Intermountain West Geologic Framework project, in collaboration with the Navajo Nation and USGS...

The following report summarizes the dating results from sedimentary deposits discovered during paleoseismic investigations of Puerto Rico. Within this report, we detail the methodology used by the USGS Luminescence Geochronology Laboratory to obtain ages including sample preparation methods, luminescence measurement, equivalent dose determination, and dating-related calculations. We...

Characterizing spatial uncertainty in satellite-derived burned area products is essential to accurately represent fire activity and manage fire-prone ecosystems. However, most product evaluations rely on summary statistics, where their use to adjust burned area estimates is unclear. This dataset provides a comprehensive characterization of the spatial and temporal uncertainty in the...

Because urban landscapes are heterogeneous, the methods and spatial resolution used to depict the land surface greatly influence the representation of urban features. Land cover products such as tree canopy cover (TCC) are particularly sensitive to the methodology and resolution used in their creation. Differences in TCC mapping have implications on the outcomes of ecosystem service (ES)...

Surface water storage, including wetlands and lakes, is not typically considered in hydrological model calibrations. We tested a multivariate calibration process (Latin Hypercube Sampling), incorporating Sentinel-1/2 surface water storage, for a Soil and Water Assessment Tool model across the 0.5 million km^2 Upper Mississippi River Basin. While 19% of the 2000 parameter sets adequately...

The ~21 m deep Mammoth Site (MS) bone bed site at Hot Springs, South Dakota, provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions on the northern Great Plains of the United States. Past published radiocarbon analyses of mammoth bones found within the MS sinkhole suggested they were deposited ~23-42 ka. However, two U-series ages ranging between 129-150 ka and a

The Black Warrior Basin is a sedimentary foreland basin in western Alabama and northern Mississippi. This basin is named after the Black Warrior River and is developed extensively for coal, coalbed methane, conventional oil, and natural gas production. Its geologic genesis was due to Paleozoic tectonic events between the Appalachian and Ouachita orogenic belts. The Paleozoic rock hosts...

Globally, many waterbodies and floodplains have been lost, degraded, or are at risk for further loss, which may have unintended consequences for rivers, including exacerbating flood and drought conditions. We explored how including surface water storage time series in deep learning models influences our ability to predict river discharge. We utilized Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 algorithms...

The Southeast FireMap (SEFM) project is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Tall Timbers Research Station that aims to improve burned area mapping across the southeastern United States. Tracking prescribed fires and wildfires is essential for effective wildfire risk mitigation, natural resource management, and landscape conservation across both public and...

In May 2025, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Uncrewed Systems Office (NUSO) conducted uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) flights to collect hyperspectral and thermal remote sensing imagery over dryland sites during a collaborative field campaign near Moab, Utah. Two sites, "Horsethief Campground" and "Salt Valley", which have differing vegetation and soil characteristics, were...

Laminated soil carbonate rinds are a Quaternary paleoclimate archive whose isotope composition is linked to soil formation conditions. At Rio Mesa, Utah (USA), we investigated the fidelity of rind records in a river terrace setting by determining the seasonal timing of rind formation and testing for inter-record replication. We infer soil carbonate formed in the spring season...

Radiometric data were collected at the Grand Junction Regional Airport radiometric calibration facility in March 2023 and August 2024. The facility consists of five ~9 by ~12 m (30 x 40 feet) concrete pads, each 18 in thick. Each pad provides sources of radioelements that are spatially homogeneous (see Ward, 1978). Three pads are dedicated K, Th, and U pads, each of which contains high...