Data

Surface water storage, including wetlands and lakes, is not typically considered in hydrological model calibrations. We tested a multivariate calibration process (Latin Hypercube Sampling), incorporating Sentinel-1/2 surface water storage, for a Soil and Water Assessment Tool model across the 0.5 million km^2 Upper Mississippi River Basin. While 19% of the 2000 parameter sets adequately...

The ~21 m deep Mammoth Site (MS) bone bed site at Hot Springs, South Dakota, provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct paleoenvironmental conditions on the northern Great Plains of the United States. Past published radiocarbon analyses of mammoth bones found within the MS sinkhole suggested they were deposited ~23-42 ka. However, two U-series ages ranging between 129-150 ka and a

The Black Warrior Basin is a sedimentary foreland basin in western Alabama and northern Mississippi. This basin is named after the Black Warrior River and is developed extensively for coal, coalbed methane, conventional oil, and natural gas production. Its geologic genesis was due to Paleozoic tectonic events between the Appalachian and Ouachita orogenic belts. The Paleozoic rock hosts...

Globally, many waterbodies and floodplains have been lost, degraded, or are at risk for further loss, which may have unintended consequences for rivers, including exacerbating flood and drought conditions. We explored how including surface water storage time series in deep learning models influences our ability to predict river discharge. We utilized Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 algorithms...

The Southeast FireMap (SEFM) project is a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Tall Timbers Research Station that aims to improve burned area mapping across the southeastern United States. Tracking prescribed fires and wildfires is essential for effective wildfire risk mitigation, natural resource management, and landscape conservation across both public and...

In May 2025, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Uncrewed Systems Office (NUSO) conducted uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) flights to collect hyperspectral and thermal remote sensing imagery over dryland sites during a collaborative field campaign near Moab, Utah. Two sites, "Horsethief Campground" and "Salt Valley", which have differing vegetation and soil characteristics, were...

Laminated soil carbonate rinds are a Quaternary paleoclimate archive whose isotope composition is linked to soil formation conditions. At Rio Mesa, Utah (USA), we investigated the fidelity of rind records in a river terrace setting by determining the seasonal timing of rind formation and testing for inter-record replication. We infer soil carbonate formed in the spring season...

Radiometric data were collected at the Grand Junction Regional Airport radiometric calibration facility in March 2023 and August 2024. The facility consists of five ~9 by ~12 m (30 x 40 feet) concrete pads, each 18 in thick. Each pad provides sources of radioelements that are spatially homogeneous (see Ward, 1978). Three pads are dedicated K, Th, and U pads, each of which contains high...

Examining urban thermal environments has become a critical area of research spanning epidemiology, urban planning, and ecology. While traditional metrics like air temperature (Tair) and satellite-derived surface temperature (SD-LST) dominate urban heat studies, these measures often fail to reflect how people actually experience thermal exposure intensity. More human-oriented metrics...

This report and accompanying maps and database address the geologic and geophysical character of a block of ten 7.5’ quadrangles that span the San Gorgonio Pass region. The study culminates more than four decades of intermittent geologic and geophysical mapping investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Published results from these investigations fall into two categories: (1)...

In several early studies, central California marine terraces between Santa Barbara and Point Conception were interpreted to record sea-level high stands of the last interglacial complex, ~80 ka to ~120 ka (marine isotope stage [MIS] 5). These ages and their elevations (~20 m to ~45 m) indicate modest rates of tectonic uplift, similar to those from other localities in southern and central

Rivers are some of the most dynamic features of the Arctic landscape, yet their role in the global carbon cycle is poorly understood. Researchers are still unraveling the intricacies of how river dynamics control organic carbon (OC) accumulation, transport, and degradation in riverine systems. The interplay between permafrost thermal state in river corridors, snow and ice-affected...