The main goal of this project is to provide a science-based approach for screening legacy mine land (LML) sites for remediation and identifying watersheds where relatively low-cost restoration efforts may yield substantial improvements to stream water quality. We are combing analysis of multiple existing regional data coverages with focused field studies to develop a protocol that land managers can use to screen LML sites at multiple scales and efficiently evaluate the potential value of performing limited site remediation.
Science Issue and Relevance
There are tens of thousands of abandoned mines and prospects in the western U.S., many of which have continuing harmful effects on the environment. Currently, prioritization of these LML sites for receiving the limited funds available for remediation is often driven by geopolitical factors, with little or no systematic evaluation of the scientific factors dictating the probability of meeting desired clean-up goals.
Applying an integrated science-based approach in decision-making process about where and how to remediate mine sites may increase chances for remediation success, and help avoid investments in watersheds where such efforts are unlikely to succeed due to high natural background or other factors. The USGS has under-utilized datasets that could be valuable for evaluating LML sites and prioritizing sites for future modest restoration efforts.
Methods to Address Issue
This project includes two tasks representing a two-stage approach for screening LML sites for remediation at different scales.
Task 1: GIS-based screening techniques. The objective of this task is to assemble and interpret databases relevant to past mining and current environmental conditions in a GIS model covering central Colorado. Key databases include: (a) the new USGS USMIN database to identify all mine-related features; (b) USGS NWIS database, USEPA Storet database, and USGS Central Colorado Assessment Project database for stream water chemistry; (c) USGS hydrothermal alteration mapping from hyperspectral ASTER satellite data for the abundance of exposed sulfide minerals. The GIS model will be analyzed to identify "yellow-light" sites where stream metal concentrations only moderately exceed regulatory levels and apparent mining-related sources are few and well defined.
Task 2: Field characterization of candidate sites. The objective of this task is to develop straightforward sampling regimes for application at candidate "yellow-light" sites identified through Task 1 to provide more specific information on stream water chemical conditions and potential metal sources. A reconnaissance level sampling program will be initially applied at a set of candidate sites, followed by a more comprehensive sampling program performed at 1-2 priority sites selected based on the reconnaissance data. Field characterization methods will include stream tracer dilution studies, stream habitat quality evaluation, solids sampling for chemistry, and surface water and groundwater sample for chemistry, multiple isotopic tracers, and age.
Return to Mineral Resources Program | Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
Below are other science projects we collaborate with.
USMIN Mineral Deposit Database
Processes Controlling Fate and Transport of Metals Associated with Legacy Mining
- Overview
The main goal of this project is to provide a science-based approach for screening legacy mine land (LML) sites for remediation and identifying watersheds where relatively low-cost restoration efforts may yield substantial improvements to stream water quality. We are combing analysis of multiple existing regional data coverages with focused field studies to develop a protocol that land managers can use to screen LML sites at multiple scales and efficiently evaluate the potential value of performing limited site remediation.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.Draining portal of the abandoned Stewart Mine in McNasser Gulch, Sawatch Range, Colorado. Science Issue and Relevance
There are tens of thousands of abandoned mines and prospects in the western U.S., many of which have continuing harmful effects on the environment. Currently, prioritization of these LML sites for receiving the limited funds available for remediation is often driven by geopolitical factors, with little or no systematic evaluation of the scientific factors dictating the probability of meeting desired clean-up goals.
Applying an integrated science-based approach in decision-making process about where and how to remediate mine sites may increase chances for remediation success, and help avoid investments in watersheds where such efforts are unlikely to succeed due to high natural background or other factors. The USGS has under-utilized datasets that could be valuable for evaluating LML sites and prioritizing sites for future modest restoration efforts.
Methods to Address Issue
This project includes two tasks representing a two-stage approach for screening LML sites for remediation at different scales.
Task 1: GIS-based screening techniques. The objective of this task is to assemble and interpret databases relevant to past mining and current environmental conditions in a GIS model covering central Colorado. Key databases include: (a) the new USGS USMIN database to identify all mine-related features; (b) USGS NWIS database, USEPA Storet database, and USGS Central Colorado Assessment Project database for stream water chemistry; (c) USGS hydrothermal alteration mapping from hyperspectral ASTER satellite data for the abundance of exposed sulfide minerals. The GIS model will be analyzed to identify "yellow-light" sites where stream metal concentrations only moderately exceed regulatory levels and apparent mining-related sources are few and well defined.
Task 2: Field characterization of candidate sites. The objective of this task is to develop straightforward sampling regimes for application at candidate "yellow-light" sites identified through Task 1 to provide more specific information on stream water chemical conditions and potential metal sources. A reconnaissance level sampling program will be initially applied at a set of candidate sites, followed by a more comprehensive sampling program performed at 1-2 priority sites selected based on the reconnaissance data. Field characterization methods will include stream tracer dilution studies, stream habitat quality evaluation, solids sampling for chemistry, and surface water and groundwater sample for chemistry, multiple isotopic tracers, and age.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.Collecting water chemistry sample from mine portal discharge in Hall Valley, Front Range, Colorado.
Sources/Usage: Public Domain.Collecting a noble gas sample for groundwater dating from a stream-side shallow well, North Quartz Creek, Sawatch Range, Colorado Return to Mineral Resources Program | Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
- Science
Below are other science projects we collaborate with.
USMIN Mineral Deposit Database
Our objective is to develop a national-scale, geospatial database that is the authoritative source of the most important mines, mineral deposits, and mineral districts of the United States.Processes Controlling Fate and Transport of Metals Associated with Legacy Mining
The project goal is to investigate best approaches to integrating conceptual, (bio)geochemical, hydrological, and toxicological models to improve prediction of metal mobility and remediation at legacy mine land (LML) sites. - Data
- Publications