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Wildlife Disease Case Definitions

Case definitions provide a standardized, science-based set of criteria for diagnosing disease and pathogens. This manual provides case definitions for selected diseases of importance to wildlife in Canada and the United States.

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Additional Resources

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January 1, 1998

The inhibition of Clostridium botulinum type C by other bacteria in wetland sediments The inhibition of Clostridium botulinum type C by other bacteria in wetland sediments

Bacteria with inhibitory activity against Clostridium botulinum type C were isolated from 32% of sediment samples (n = 1600) collected from 10 marshes in a northern California wetland over a 12 mo period. Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with inhibitory activity were isolated from 12% and 23% of the samples, respectively. Bacteria with inhibitory activity were isolated from all 10 study...

Authors

Renee J. Sandler, Tonie E. Rocke, Thomas M. Yuill

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

An epizootic of common loons in coastal waters of North Carolina: Concentrations of elemental contaminants and results of necropsies An epizootic of common loons in coastal waters of North Carolina: Concentrations of elemental contaminants and results of necropsies

A 1993 die-off of common loons (Gavia immer) in the coastal waters of North Carolina was investigated with emphasis on comparing mercury, selenium, arsenic, and lead between birds from the epizootic and reference specimens. Die-off specimens were emaciated but contained no ingested foreign bodies and no lesions suggestive of infectious disease. Results of bacteriology, virology...

Authors

Tom Augspurger, J. Christian Franson, Kathryn A. Converse, P. Spitzer, E.A. Miller

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report

No abstract available.

Authors

K. A. Converse, T. Creekmore

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report

No abstract available.

Authors

K. A. Converse, T. Creekmore

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report Quarterly Wildlife Mortality Report

No abstract available.

Authors

K. A. Converse, T. Creekmore

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Report to the Prairie Habitat Joint Venture by the Working Group on Avian Botulism Report to the Prairie Habitat Joint Venture by the Working Group on Avian Botulism

No abstract available.

Authors

G.T. Ball, T. Bollinger, M. Conly, J. Kalec, P. Kehoe, B. Macfarlane, H. Murkin, T. Murphy, M. Pybus, T. Rocke, M.D. Samuel, D. Sharp, G. Wobeser

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Duck plague: emergence of a new cause of waterfowl mortality Duck plague: emergence of a new cause of waterfowl mortality

No abstract available.

Authors

M. Friend

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Emerging diseases in southern sea otters Emerging diseases in southern sea otters

No abstract available.

Authors

N. J. Thomas, L. H. Creekmore, Rebecca A. Cole, C.U. Meteyer

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Necrotizing enteritis as a cause of mortality in Laysan albatross, Diomedea immutabilis, chicks on Midway Atoll, Hawaii Necrotizing enteritis as a cause of mortality in Laysan albatross, Diomedea immutabilis, chicks on Midway Atoll, Hawaii

A necropsy survey of Laysan albatross, Diomedea immutabilis, chicks on Midway Atoll in June 1993, 1994, and 1995 revealed 54% (21/39), 67% (49/71), and 93% (15/16), respectively, to have enteritis as the most severe pathologic finding. The lesion was limited to the ileum, ceca, and large intestine. We were unable to attribute a single infectious etiology to this lesion. Many birds with...

Authors

Thierry M. Work, M. R. Smith, R. Duncan

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA Accumulation pattern of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA

Concentrations of PCBs, DDTs (p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT), HCHs (α-, β-, γ-isomers), chlordanes (trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, trans-nonachlor, cis-nonachlor and oxychlordane) and HCB (hexachlorobenzene were measured in liver, kidney and brain tissues of adult southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) found stranded along coastal California, USA, during 1992–96. The...

Authors

H. Nakata, K. Kannan, L. Jing, N. J. Thomas, S. Tanabe, J. P. Giesy

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Health evaluation of pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in southeastern Oregon, 1996-1997. Health evaluation of pronghorns (Antilocapra americana) on Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in southeastern Oregon, 1996-1997.

One hundred four neonatal (fawns) and 40 adult female (does) pronghorn antelope (pronghorns) (Antilocapra americana) were captured on the Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge (HMNAR) in Lake County, southeastern Oregon, between 13 May 1996 and 26 May 1997. Blood and fecal samples were taken for an investigation of low fawn survival that may be due to disease and/or poor nutrition. No...

Authors

Michael R. Dunbar, Roser Velarde

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 1998

Mercury accumulation in transplanted Hypogymnia physodes lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant Mercury accumulation in transplanted Hypogymnia physodes lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant

Emissions of mercury from a chlor-alkali plant in central Wisconsin have raised concern about possible effects on biota in the area. Samples of the lichen Hypogymnia physodes, which no longer grows in the area, were transplanted from a site in northeastern Wisconsin and positioned on plastic stands at varying distances up to 1250 m from the plant and sampled for Hg quarterly for one year...

Authors

M.M. Makholm, J. P. Bennett

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center