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Case definitions provide a standardized, science-based set of criteria for diagnosing disease and pathogens. This manual provides case definitions for selected diseases of importance to wildlife in Canada and the United States.

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January 1, 2003

Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolates from wetland ecosystems during 1996 to 1999 Characterization of Pasteurella multocida isolates from wetland ecosystems during 1996 to 1999

We cultured 126 Pasteurella multocida isolates, 92 from water and 34 from sediment samples collected from wetlands in the Pacific and Central flyways of the United States between 1996 and 1999. Most (121) of the isolates were P. multocida serotype 1, but serotypes 3, 3/4, 10, and 11 were also found. Many (82) of the isolates were further characterized by DNA fingerprinting procedures and...

Authors

M.D. Samuel, D.J. Shadduck, Diana R. Goldberg, M. A. Wilson, D.O. Joly, M. A. Lehr

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Canis mesomelas Canis mesomelas

No abstract available.

Authors

L.R. Walton, D.O. Joly

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

New host record of avian tuberculosis in an American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos New host record of avian tuberculosis in an American white pelican, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos

An American white pelican (P. erythrorhyncos) was captured in August 1999 in California, USA. The bird was unable to fly away or evade the boat, and showed considerable aggression when captured. Numerous multifocal, 1 mm diameter, yellow masses were observed throughout the lungs and air sacs. The liver was yellow. A 6 cm diameter, firm spherical mass was present in the abdominal cavity...

Authors

P. Nol, R.E. Brannian, B.M. Berlowski, M. J. Wolcott, Tonie E. Rocke

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Hyla gratiosa (barking treefrog) intestinal hernia Hyla gratiosa (barking treefrog) intestinal hernia

Deformities and malformations in anurans occur in a variety of manifestations (Meteyer 2000. Field Guide to Malformations of Frogs and Toads with Radiographic Interpretations. Biol. Sci. Rep., USGS/BRD/BSR-2000-0005, 18 pp.). Most of those described in the literature are visible externally (e.g., ectromelia, brachydactyly, polydactyly, brachygnathia, kyphosis) (Ouellet et al. 1997. J...

Authors

J.C. Mitchell, D. E. Green

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Prevalence of skeletal and eye malformations in frogs from north-central United States: estimations based on collections from randomly selected sites Prevalence of skeletal and eye malformations in frogs from north-central United States: estimations based on collections from randomly selected sites

Skeletal malformation rates for several frog species were determined in a set of randomly selected wetlands in the north-central USA over three consecutive years. In 1998, 62 sites yielded 389 metamorphic frogs, nine (2.3%) of which had skeletal or eye malformations. A subset of the original sites was surveyed in the following 2 yr. In 1999, 1,085 metamorphic frogs were collected from 36...

Authors

P.K. Schoff, C.M. Johnson, A.M. Schotthoefer, J.E. Murphy, C. Lieske, Rebecca A. Cole, L.B. Johnson, V.R. Beasley

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercaria encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival Relationship of tadpole stage to location of echinostome cercaria encystment and the consequences for tadpole survival

The effect of echinostome infections on the survival of Rana pipiens tadpoles was examined in relation to developmental stage of tadpoles. Individual tadpoles of Gosner stages 25, 27, 32–33, and 37–39 were exposed to 1 of 4 levels of cercariae (0, 20, 50, or 100). Only tadpoles at stage 25, the earliest stage infected, died within a 5-day experimental period. This stage-specific...

Authors

A.M. Schotthoefer, Rebecca A. Cole, V.R. Beasley

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

A bug besetting birds, horses, and humans alike: The West Nile virus will likely be here for a long time. How large a threat does it pose? A bug besetting birds, horses, and humans alike: The West Nile virus will likely be here for a long time. How large a threat does it pose?

No abstract available.

Authors

S.W. Matteson, E. Saito

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Salton Sea Salton Sea

No abstract available.

Authors

Milton Friend

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Salton Sea

January 1, 2003

National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report National Wildlife Health Center's Quarterly Mortality Report

No abstract available.

Authors

K. A. Converse, R. Sohn, Kimberli J.G. Miller, G. McLaughlin, C. Lemanski

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Detection of West Nile virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry Detection of West Nile virus infection in birds in the United States by blocking ELISA and immunohistochemistry

A blocking ELISA targeting an immunodominant West Nile epitope on the West Nile Virus NS1 protein was assessed for the detection of West Nile–specific antibodies in blood samples collected from 584 sentinel chickens and 238 wild birds collected in New Jersey from May–December 2000. Ten mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) experimentally infected with West Nile virus and six uninfected...

Authors

M. Jozan, R. Evans, R. McLean, R. Hall, B. Tangredi, L. Reed, J. Scott

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Pseudacris triseriata (western chorus frog) and Rana sylvatica (wood frog) chytridiomycosis Pseudacris triseriata (western chorus frog) and Rana sylvatica (wood frog) chytridiomycosis

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is a known pathogen of anuran amphibians, and has been correlated with amphibian die-offs worldwide (Daszak et. al. 1999. Emerging Infectious Diseases 5:735-748). In Colorado, B. dendrobatidis has infected Boreal toads (Bufo boreas) (Muths et. al., in review) and has been identified on museum specimens of northern leopard frogs (Rana...

Authors

S.E. Rittman, E. Muths, D. E. Green

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

January 1, 2003

Chronic wasting disease in free-ranging Wisconsin white-tailed deer Chronic wasting disease in free-ranging Wisconsin white-tailed deer

Three White-tailed Deer shot within 5 km during the 2001 hunting season in Wisconsin tested positive for chronic wasting disease, a prion disease of cervids. Subsequent sampling within 18 km showed a 3% prevalence (n=476). This discovery represents an important range extension for chronic wasting disease into the eastern United States.

Authors

D.O. Joly, C. A. Ribic, J.A. Langenberg, K. Beheler, C.A. Batha, B.J. Dhuey, R.E. Rolley, G. Bartelt, T.R. VanDeelen, M.D. Samuel

Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center