Images

Photos of (a) coastal wetland, (b) coral reef, (c) dryland, and (d) alpine ecosystems. These ecosystems are chronically exposed to high levels of abiotic stress that approach physiological tolerance limits.

Depiction of a horizontal levee (A) and study location in San Francisco Bay, CA(B and C). Transects used in the hydrodynamic simulations are shown by the white lines in (C).

Collage of Conceição-Duquesa beach oblique images with high-water line and prominent structures marked. From the study Historical Coast Snaps: Using Centennial Imagery to Track Shoreline Change.

Satellite image showing validation high-water lines for Conceição-Duquesa beach. From the study Historical Coast Snaps: Using Centennial Imagery to Track Shoreline Change.

Drift logs stranded by 1957 tsunami in Stardust Bay, Sedanka Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska. From the study A 700-year rupture sequence of great eastern Aleutian earthquakes from tsunami modeling of stratigraphic records.

Figure: a Great earthquakes in the 20^th century. Inset numbers over the 3 by 12 grid indicate subfaults with large slip in meters from the updated 1957 rupture model³ with red and blue tones for shallow and deeper megathrust rupture, respectively.

Floodplain maps and bar graphs depicting the expansion of the 1% floodplain after earthquake-driven subsidence today (2023) and in 2100 when the earthquake-driven subsidence is amplified by climate-driven sea-level rise for the (A) Necanicum River, OR; (B) Yaquina Bay, OR; (C) Alsea Bay, OR; and (D) Humboldt Bay, CA.

Projected 21st-century land loss and organic carbon disturbance on Alaska’s Arctic Coastal Plain. From the study Permafrost thaw subsidence, sea-level rise, and erosion are transforming Alaska’s Arctic coastal zone.

Great earthquakes in the 20th century. Inset numbers over the 3 by 12 grid indicate subfaults with large slip in meters from the updated 1957 rupture model with red and blue tones for shallow and deeper megathrust rupture, respectively.

Cascadia Margin composite bathymetry. See the data release: Composite multibeam bathymetry surface and data sources of the southern Cascadia Margin offshore Oregon and northern California

Northern Cascadia composite bathymetry. See the data release: Composite multibeam bathymetry surface of the northern Cascadia Margin offshore Washington.

Central Cascadia composite bathymetry. See the data release: Composite multibeam bathymetry surface and data sources of the central Cascadia Margin offshore Oregon

Multibeam bathymetry compilation showing entire Cascadia Subduction Zone. Data are available here.

Figure shows (a) San Lorenzo River watershed, central California coast, which empties into Monterey Bay. Fluvial sediment sampling location is indicated just upstream of river mouth.

Figure from the study "Hurricane wave energy dissipation and wave-driven currents over a fringing reef" showing the study location, the reef-lined south coast of Moloka'i.

North-to-south (N2S) rupture simulations with oblique (−45°; panels a–d) and left-lateral (0°; panels e–h) normal fault (NF) pre-stress. In the left column (panels a, b, e, and f), the San Andreas (SSAF) ends at the intersection with the NF, while in the right column (panels c, d, g, and h), the San Andreas (SSAF-EXT) “extends” south of the SSAF-NF intersection.

Satellite image of China Camp marsh, with model boundaries from the Delft3D model shown with white lines and the observation points marked with red dots; red lines mark where x and y are 0. (b) Overview of San Francisco Bay, with a star marking China Camp marsh.

An example of calibration and validation of CoSMoS-COAST using historical satellite-derived shoreline data. The figure shows the extent of the CoSMoS-COAST U.S. South Atlantic Coast model transects (panel A—in green) with a zoomed in section of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (panel B), which shows a close-up of the 50 m transect spacing (green lines).

The USGS Research Vessel Williams is owned and operated by the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center.

View looks down from a bridge as USGS research vessel R/V Parke Snavely passes beneath. Credit: Jenny McKee, USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center.

Santa Cruz wharf post-storm survey - Backscatter and draped sidescan overlayed with partial transparency. Following the partial collapse of the Santa Cruz Municipal Wharf during January 2025 storms, the USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center was requested to help map seafloor debris by NOAA’s Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary.