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Publications

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Organics and other molecules in the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede Organics and other molecules in the surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede

Five absorption features are reported at wavelengths of 3.4, 3.88, 4.05, 4.25, and 4.57 micrometers in the surface materials of the Galilean satellites Callisto and Ganymede from analysis of reflectance spectra returned by the Galileo mission near-infrared mapping spectrometer. Candidate materials include CO2, organic materials (such as tholins containing C???N and C-H), SO2, and...
Authors
T. B. McCord, R. W. Carlson, W. D. Smythe, G. B. Hansen, R. N. Clark, C. A. Hibbitts, F. P. Fanale, J. C. Granahan, M. Segura, D. L. Matson, T. V. Johnson, P. D. Martin

The distribution of sulfur dioxide and other infrared absorbers on the surface of Io The distribution of sulfur dioxide and other infrared absorbers on the surface of Io

The Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer was used to investigate the distribution and properties of sulfur dioxide over the surface of Io, and qualitative results for the anti‐Jove hemisphere are presented here. SO2, existing as a frost, is found almost everywhere, but with spatially variable concentration. The exceptions are volcanic hot spots, where high surface temperatures...
Authors
R. W. Carlson, W. D. Smythe, R. M. C. Lopes-Gautier, A. G. Davies, L.W. Kamp, J. A. Mosher, L.A. Soderblom, F.E. Leader, R. Mehlman, Roger N. Clark, F. P. Fanale

Hydrous carbonates on Mars?: Evidence from Mariner 6/7 infrared spectrometer and ground‐based telescopic spectra Hydrous carbonates on Mars?: Evidence from Mariner 6/7 infrared spectrometer and ground‐based telescopic spectra

Absorption features at 2.28 and 5.4 μm identified in Mariner 6/7 infrared spectrometer and terrestrial telescopic spectra are consistent with the spectra of hydrous magnesium carbonates such as hydromagnesite and artinite. Spectral characteristics of these hydrous carbonates are different from those of the anhydrous carbonates, as the former do not have the strong spectral features...
Authors
W. M. Calvin, T. V. V. King, Roger N. Clark

The U. S. Geological Survey, Digital Spectral Library: Version 1 (0.2 to 3.0um) The U. S. Geological Survey, Digital Spectral Library: Version 1 (0.2 to 3.0um)

We have developed a digital reflectance spectral library, with management and spectral analysis software. The library includes 498 spectra of 444 samples (some samples include a series of grain sizes) measured from approximately 0.2 to 3.0 um . The spectral resolution (Full Width Half Maximum) of the reflectance data is
Authors
Roger N. Clark, Gregg A. Swayze, Andrea J. Gallagher, Trude King, Wendy M. Calvin

Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations Spectral Distinctions between the Leading and Trailing Hemispheres of Callisto: New Observations

An analysis of recent telescopic observations of Callisto results in new insights regarding spectral variations from the leading to the trailing hemisphere of Callisto. Examination of data in the wavelength range from 2.0 to 2.5 ??m indicates that previous suggestions of spectral differences are most likely the result of experimental uncertainty or error. Slight variations in the slope...
Authors
W. M. Calvin, R. N. Clark
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