Images

Footprints made in muddy ash during Kilauea's 1790 eruption are reminders that people experienced the largest explosive eruption in Hawai‘i in 1,000 years. More than 80, and possibly several hundred, people were killed by the eruption soon after the footprints were made.

Debris flow deposits in Stevens Creek fan near Durango, Colorado. This area is in a drainage basin burned by the 2002 Missionary Ridge Fire in Colorado.

Rush River at Amenia, North Dakota, streamflow 1,650 cubic feet per second,  looking upstream.  Photograph taken during spring 2009 flooding.

2006 Rockslide on Ferguson-Hwy 140 in California along the Merced River about 8 miles west of El Portal and the entrance of Yosemite National Park.

A massive forest die-off is projected to occur more frequently in the Southwest. Piñon pines, normally evergreen, have reddish-brown foliage in October 2002 (left). By May 2004 (right), the dead piñon pines have lost all their needles, exposing gray trunks and branches. The photos were taken from the same vantage point near Los Alamos, N.M.

USGS scientist Jimmy Hopkins takes a streamflow measurement on the Sabine River on March 12 near Bon Weir, Texas.

This satellite image was captured on March 2 by the Advanced Land Imager instrument onboard NASA's Earth Observing 1 satellite. The image is provided courtesy of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Although this is a false-color image, the color map has been chosen to mimic what the human eye would expect to see.

This Quicktime video shows spattering activity at a small vent in Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō Crater.

A closer look at the active flow in Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō crater, with a small vent in the distance throwing spatter.

Small vents in the southern portion of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō crater have been active recently, and erupting new lava flows onto the floor of the crater. The light-colored flow in the center of the photograph was active this morning, and slowly spreading across the crater floor.

Scattered breakouts remain active northeast of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, with the farthest activity slightly more than 6 km (3.7 miles) from the vent. Some of the breakouts were active along the forest boundary, creating small brush fires. Other breakouts, like the one shown in this photograph, are covering earlier portions of the flow field.

An HVO geologist carefully approaches a skylight on the June 27th lava tube. The skylight provided a view into the lava tube, and revealed a swiftly moving lava stream.

A vent in the southern portion of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō Crater contained a small lava pond and was throwing spatter a short distance. The accumulated spatter has built a small cone around the opening. A thick layer of Pele's hair covers the far side of the cone.

During a 2015 field trip with Franklin and Marshall College students, Don Swanson, a geologist at the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, demonstrates that reticulite (frothy basalt, less dense than pumice, explosively erupted in lava fountains) sinks, rather than floats, in water due to its high permeability.

Don Swanson talks about Kīlauea Volcano's 1969-1974 Mauna Ulu eruption with geology students from Franklin and Marshall College during their 2015 field trip to Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park. The Mauna Ulu lava shield, which formed during the eruption, is visible in the background. Photo courtesy of Stan Mertzman, Franklin and Marshall College.

This movie, created from a sequence of HVO webcam images, shows lava erupting from a spatter cone within the south embayment in the Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō crater (see February 24 image below for location). The activity started around 8:15 a.m., HST, on Wednesday, March 2, 2016, and covered part of the crater floor before ceasing at about 3:00 p.m.

This photo looks west toward the West pit on Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō.

This photo looks north-northwest at the northeast embayment at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, showing the vent (a spatter cone) on the floor of the embayment. The heavy fume on the rim of the embayment is another vent.

This photo, also of the northeast embayment at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō, is interesting because it shows the lava tube for the Kahauale‘a 2 flow, active during 2013 and 2014, exposed high on the crater wall. The Kahauale‘a 2 flow is the lava flow that preceded the currently active June 27th lava flow, which began June 27, 2014.

Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō has changed dramatically over the years. This map shows the configuration of Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō's current crater (outlined in yellow) and vents (marked in red). The base image is a mosaic created from photographs captured during a helicopter overflight on January 19, 2016.

Glacier Bay, Alaska, dive team.