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Images related to Cascades Volcano Observatory.

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Sun Creek Valley with Crater Lake in background, aerial view lookin...
Sun Creek Valley with Crater Lake in background, aerial view lookin...
Sun Creek Valley with Crater Lake in background, aerial view lookin...
Sun Creek Valley with Crater Lake in background, aerial view lookin...

Morning aerial view looking northwest up the valley of Sun Creek. Applegate Peak caps the prominent rock wall of the west side of Sun Notch at the caldera rim. Northwest caldera wall is visible on opposite side of Crater Lake through Sun Notch. Grayback Ridge in foreground is thick lava of pre-Mazama rhyodacite (410-460 ka).

Morning aerial view looking northwest up the valley of Sun Creek. Applegate Peak caps the prominent rock wall of the west side of Sun Notch at the caldera rim. Northwest caldera wall is visible on opposite side of Crater Lake through Sun Notch. Grayback Ridge in foreground is thick lava of pre-Mazama rhyodacite (410-460 ka).

South Sister volcano's northeast face with stacks of andesite lava ...
South Sister volcano's northeast face with stacks of andesite lava flows and oxidized (red colored) scoria.
South Sister volcano's northeast face with stacks of andesite lava flows and oxidized (red colored) scoria.
South Sister volcano's northeast face with stacks of andesite lava flows and oxidized (red colored) scoria.

Prouty Glacier headwall on the northeast face of South Sister. Dipping stacks of lava and scoria were excavated by Prouty Glacier, exposing cross-sectional views of the last 33,000 years of summit activity. The 350-m-thick (11,500-ft) lava stacks are truncated at about 3000 m (9,800 ft) elevation, forming the ragged rim of a broad paleocrater.

Prouty Glacier headwall on the northeast face of South Sister. Dipping stacks of lava and scoria were excavated by Prouty Glacier, exposing cross-sectional views of the last 33,000 years of summit activity. The 350-m-thick (11,500-ft) lava stacks are truncated at about 3000 m (9,800 ft) elevation, forming the ragged rim of a broad paleocrater.

North Sister volcano's east face (750 m, 2460 ft high) consists of ...
North Sister volcano's east face (750 m, 2460 ft high) consists of ...
North Sister volcano's east face (750 m, 2460 ft high) consists of ...
North Sister volcano's east face (750 m, 2460 ft high) consists of ...

East face of North Sister, 750 m high. Consists of about 100 thin mafic lava flows and intercalated layers of red scoria, capped by thick summit lava flows. Remnant of Thayer Glacier feeds cirque lake. Pervasively altered yellow-orange buttress on right, 250 m thick, consists of east-dipping, palagonitized, ash-rich fragmental flow deposits.

East face of North Sister, 750 m high. Consists of about 100 thin mafic lava flows and intercalated layers of red scoria, capped by thick summit lava flows. Remnant of Thayer Glacier feeds cirque lake. Pervasively altered yellow-orange buttress on right, 250 m thick, consists of east-dipping, palagonitized, ash-rich fragmental flow deposits.

Steam rises from a circular crater in the center of a watery lake of mud. Mud berms surround the hole, with dead, drowned trees reaching bare branches skyward. In the distance, villages of red-tiled houses are visible.
LUSI mud volcano, East Java, Indonesia
LUSI mud volcano, East Java, Indonesia
LUSI mud volcano, East Java, Indonesia

The LUSI (Lumpur “mud”-Sidoarjo) mud volcano in East Java, Indonesia, has been erupting mud and gases since 2006. Eruption rates can be as high as 160,000 m3 per day, and the mud has displaced tens of thousands of people and caused billions of dollars in damage. USGS photo by Tom Casadevall, 2007.

The LUSI (Lumpur “mud”-Sidoarjo) mud volcano in East Java, Indonesia, has been erupting mud and gases since 2006. Eruption rates can be as high as 160,000 m3 per day, and the mud has displaced tens of thousands of people and caused billions of dollars in damage. USGS photo by Tom Casadevall, 2007.

South Sister's northwest summit, basaltic andesite lava and scoria ...
South Sister's northwest summit, basaltic andesite lava and scoria cap the volcano.
South Sister's northwest summit, basaltic andesite lava and scoria cap the volcano.
South Sister's northwest summit, basaltic andesite lava and scoria cap the volcano.

Lost Creek Glacier and its cirque are in the center, and Eugene Glacier and its cirque are toward the bottom left. Fingerlike lobes of dacite lava dribble down northwest ridge atop fragmental deposit and beneath capping agglutinate. The entire edifice visible here was built between 30 and 20 ka.

Lost Creek Glacier and its cirque are in the center, and Eugene Glacier and its cirque are toward the bottom left. Fingerlike lobes of dacite lava dribble down northwest ridge atop fragmental deposit and beneath capping agglutinate. The entire edifice visible here was built between 30 and 20 ka.

View of monitoring station VALT located on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens with Crater Glacier in the background.
Monitoring station VALT was installed on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens in 2006.
Monitoring station VALT was installed on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens in 2006.
Monitoring station VALT was installed on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens in 2006.

Monitoring station VALT was installed on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens in 2006. It was called VALT because a vault-like structure about the size of a large doghouse was built into the rocky deposits to protect the state-of-the-art (at that time) broadband seismometer from environmental variables such as temperature and humidity.

Monitoring station VALT was installed on the crater floor of Mount St. Helens in 2006. It was called VALT because a vault-like structure about the size of a large doghouse was built into the rocky deposits to protect the state-of-the-art (at that time) broadband seismometer from environmental variables such as temperature and humidity.

Seismic station at Yellow Rock (YEL) with the toe of the west arm o...
Seismic station at Yellow Rock (YEL) with the toe of the west arm o...
Seismic station at Yellow Rock (YEL) with the toe of the west arm o...
Seismic station at Yellow Rock (YEL) with the toe of the west arm o...

Seismic station at Yellow Rock (YEL) with the toe of the west arm of Crater Glacier in the background. This station site was eventually covered by the glacier.

Helicopter flying toward lava spine at Mount St. Helens to collect ...
Helicopter flying toward lava spine at Mount St. Helens to collect ...
Helicopter flying toward lava spine at Mount St. Helens to collect ...
Helicopter flying toward lava spine at Mount St. Helens to collect ...

Helicopter flying toward lava spine at Mount St. Helens to collect rocks—note the "Jaws" collector hanging underneath. April 28, 2007

USGS Debris-flow flume near Blue River, Oregon
USGS Debris-flow flume near Blue River, OR is used to conduct debris flow and landslide experiments.
USGS Debris-flow flume near Blue River, OR is used to conduct debris flow and landslide experiments.
USGS Debris-flow flume near Blue River, OR is used to conduct debris flow and landslide experiments.

USGS Debris-flow flume near Blue River, Oregon is used to conduct debris flows and landslide experiments. Flume is a reinforced concrete channel 95 m (310 ft long, 2 m (6.6 ft) wide, and 1.2 m (4 ft).

Topographic map, Mount St. Helens, C.E. 1919 annotated with locatio...
Topographic map, Mount St. Helens, C.E. 1919 annotated with locatio...
Topographic map, Mount St. Helens, C.E. 1919 annotated with locatio...
Topographic map, Mount St. Helens, C.E. 1919 annotated with locatio...

Due to the cataclysmic eruption of May 18, 1980, many of the locations annotated on this map are now either covered or no longer visible.

Map of the known ash-fall boundaries for several U.S. eruptions
Map of the known ash-fall boundaries for several U.S. eruptions
Map of the known ash-fall boundaries for several U.S. eruptions
Map of the known ash-fall boundaries for several U.S. eruptions

Eruptions of the Yellowstone volcanic system have included the two largest volcanic eruptions in North America in the past few million years; the third largest was at Long Valley in California and produced the Bishop ash bed. The biggest of the Yellowstone eruptions occurred 2.1 million years ago, depositing the Huckleberry Ridge ash bed.

Eruptions of the Yellowstone volcanic system have included the two largest volcanic eruptions in North America in the past few million years; the third largest was at Long Valley in California and produced the Bishop ash bed. The biggest of the Yellowstone eruptions occurred 2.1 million years ago, depositing the Huckleberry Ridge ash bed.

Crater Lake is the remnant of Mount Mazama, which erupted catastrop...
Crater Lake is the remnant of Mount Mazama, which erupted catastrop...
Crater Lake is the remnant of Mount Mazama, which erupted catastrop...
Crater Lake is the remnant of Mount Mazama, which erupted catastrop...

Crater Lake is the remnant of Mount Mazama, which erupted catastrophically 7,700 years ago to form the caldera.Wizard Island in lake and Mount Scott is peak on right shore. View from south. Oregon

Loowit Falls flows north out of Mount St. Helens crater. White buil...
Loowit Falls flows north out of Mount St. Helens crater. White buil...
Loowit Falls flows north out of Mount St. Helens crater. White buil...
Loowit Falls flows north out of Mount St. Helens crater. White buil...

Loowit Falls flows north out of Mount St. Helens crater. White building in upper right corner is the Loowit gage house, which contains an Acoustic Flow Monitor.

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