Images

View of Halema‘uma‘u crater floor looking south and showing the island that formed during the December 2020 eruption (foreground) and crater floor (background). The December 2020 island has a thin surface of glassy spatter and tephra from the more recent Halema‘uma‘u eruptions that started in September 2021 and January 2023.

A helicopter overflight on March 10, 2023, allowed for aerial visual and thermal imagery to be collected of Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea. No active lava was present in the crater, with only scattered warm spots on the crater floor.

On March 10, 2023, geologists from the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory visited the main island that was created during the first hours of the December 2020 eruption.

A low-angle aerial view showing the steep walls of the western basin within Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea. In the background, a Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist is working on the island that formed in the December 2020 eruption. USGS photo by J. Schmith.

This photograph shows darker-colored spatter from September 2021 and January 2023 eruptions in Halema‘uma‘u covering the lighter-colored tephra from the December 2020 eruption that makes up the bulk of the island in the middle of Halema‘uma‘u crater floor. USGS photo by D. Downs. 

A helicopter overflight on March 10, 2023, allowed for aerial visual and thermal imagery to be collected of Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea. No active lava was present in the crater, with only scattered warm spots on the crater floor.

An aerial photo looking north shows the December 2020 island and eastern vent area within Halema‘uma‘u crater. For the first time, conditions allowed Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologists to visit the island. The crew can be seen in orange, working on the northwestern edge of the island. USGS photo by J. Schmith.

Aerial photo looking east shows the Halema‘uma‘u western vent complex rising in the foreground. Notice how lava from the eastern end of the lake has flown around the western side and along the western went rampart. Further east is the basin that contained the active western pond and the small southern pool basin.

Aerial image taken at approximately 9 a.m. HST on March 10 during an overflight of Halema‘uma‘u crater at Kīlauea summit. The wind blew steam east, which allowed Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologists to take a closer look at the features of the western end of the crater floor. This low-angle view was taken from the western end of the crater and looks east.

Lava samples collected near Mauna Loa’s fissure 3 vent (shown in this December 7 overflight photo) are glassy and contain bubbles and some very small (200 microns or 0.008 inches long) minerals like plagioclase and pyroxene, as shown in the grey-scale microscope image inset. USGS photos by Kendra J. Lynn. 

The top panel is from before the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and shows two steps corresponding to slow slip events (SSEs).  The bottom panel is from after 2018 and shows no evidence of step-like motion indicative of SSEs, although the slight curve does suggest that a post-eruption increase in seaward motion is slowly returning to background.  The inset

Lava lake activity within Halema‘uma‘u crater, at the summit of Kīlauea, continues. On February 14, low fountaining was present at the central vent, which was supplying lava into a channel that flowed towards the large eastern lake. USGS image by M. Patrick.

During a Kīlauea summit eruption field shift on February 15, 2023, HVO geologists were able to briefly glimpse the active lava on Halema‘uma‘u crater floor between shifting mist and rain. The lava pond in the central portion of the crater floor has a small lava fountain, near which a rampart that is nearly 8 meters (26 feet) tall has formed.

A Koa‘e kea (white-tailed tropic bird) was flying through the mist and steam within Halema‘uma‘u crater the morning of February 15, 2023. These birds are frequently seen flying around the crater, at the summit of Kīlauea. USGS image by K. Mulliken.

Low fountaining continues in the eastern lake, in Halema‘uma‘u crater at the summit of Kīlauea. Several small islands of solidified lava are present in the lake. USGS photo by M. Patrick.

On February 14, 2023, low fountaining was also present at the central vent in Halema‘uma‘u, at the summit of Kīlauea. Lava upwelling at this vent then flowed eastward through a channel towards the larger, eastern lake. USGS photo by M. Patrick.

The western lake within Halema‘uma‘u crater, at the summit of Kīlauea, remains active but sluggish. Since the eruption began in early January, the main focus of activity has been at the eastern and central lakes. USGS photo by M. Patrick.

The eruption in Halema‘uma‘u, at the summit of Kīlauea, continues. Over the past week, the main source of lava effusion has shifted from the large eastern lake (right side of image) towards the smaller lake in the center of the crater (left side of image). This central vent has supplied lava towards the east that has poured into the eastern lake basin.

A close up of the small lava fountain at the central vent in Halema‘uma‘u, at the summit of Kīlauea. USGS photo by M. Patrick.

Proposed MT station (squares) color-coded with some land ownership information. The area to be covered by the airborne survey is also outlined to cover most of Kīlauea volcano.

This reference map depicts the Kīlauea summit eruption on February 3, 2023. Recent HVO helicopter overflights have been unable to produce accurate structure-from-motion models of the Halema‘uma‘u crater floor due to the thick volcanic gas plume; for this reason, no updated statistics can be provided for the average crater floor elevation or the erupted lava volume.