Publications

Nitrogen in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed - A Century of Change, 1950–2050

National Award for Superior Communication Product

Domestic Well Water Quality in Marcellus Shale Region

Factors Affecting Groundwater Quality Used for Domestic Supply in Marcellus Shale Region of North-Central and North-East Pennsylvania

Geohydrologic and water-quality characterization of a fractured-bedrock test hole in an area of Marcellus Shale gas development, Sullivan County, Pennsylvania

Report at Pennsylvania Geological Survey

Publications are the cornerstone of the Pennsylvania Water Science Center’s dissemination of scientific data and conclusions.

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January 1, 1993

Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Red Clay Creek Basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, and New Castle County, Delaware Geohydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Red Clay Creek Basin, Chester County, Pennsylvania, and New Castle County, Delaware

The 54-square-mile Red Clay Creek Basin, located in the lower Delaware River Basin, is underlain primarily by metamorphic rocks that range from Precambrian to Lower Paleozoic in age. Ground water flows through secondary openings in fractured crystalline rock and through primary openings below the water table in the overlying saprolite. Secondary porosity and permeability vary with...

Authors

Karen L. Vogel, Andrew G. Reif

Water Resources Mission Area, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1993

Water quality of the Upper West Branch Susquehanna River and tributary streams between Curwensville and Renovo, Pennsylvania, May and July 1984 Water quality of the Upper West Branch Susquehanna River and tributary streams between Curwensville and Renovo, Pennsylvania, May and July 1984

The soils and rocks of the Upper West Branch Susquehanna River basin, from its headwaters downstream for 150 miles, are laden with pyritic materials that have the potential to produce acid mine drainage. The effects of mine drainage are severe, particularly in the reach between Curwensville and Renovo where present water quality cannot support viable populations of benthic...

Authors

R.A. Hainly, J. L. Barker

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1993

Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989 Water-quality data for two surface coal mines reclaimed with alkaline waste or urban sewage sludge, Clarion County, Pennsylvania, May 1983 through November 1989

Water-quality and other hydrologic data for two surface coal mines in Clarion County, Pa., were collected during 1983-89 as part of studies conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources. Water samples were collected from streams, seeps, monitor wells, and lysimeters on a monthly basis to evaluate changes in water...

Authors

D.L. Dugas, C.A. Cravotta, D. A. Saad

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

December 31, 1992

Acid base accounting--An improved method of interpreting overburden chemistry to predict the quality of coal-mine drainage Acid base accounting--An improved method of interpreting overburden chemistry to predict the quality of coal-mine drainage

Acidic mine drainage (AMD), which results from the accelerated oxidation of pyrite (FeS2 ) in mined coal and overburden, has contaminated thousands of miles of streams in the Appalachian region of the United States. Acid‐base accounting (ABA), which simplifies the complex hydrogeochemical system through use of a limited number of variables, commonly is used to predict the post‐mining...

Authors

Keith Brady, Charles A. Cravotta

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1992

Evaluation of nutrient quality-assurance data for Alexanders and Mount Rock Spring basins, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania Evaluation of nutrient quality-assurance data for Alexanders and Mount Rock Spring basins, Cumberland County, Pennsylvania

A total of 304 nutrient samples were collected from May 1990 through September 1991 to determine concentrations and loads of nutrients in water discharged from two spring basins in Cumberland County, Pa. Fifty-four percent of these nutrient samples were for the evaluation of (1) laboratory consistency, (2) container and preservative cleanliness, (3) maintenance of analyte...

Authors

E. C. Witt, D. J. Hippe, R.M. Giovannitti

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1992

Modeling transport in transient ground-water flow: An unacknowledged approximation Modeling transport in transient ground-water flow: An unacknowledged approximation

During unsteady or transient ground-water flow, the fluid mass per unit volume of aquifer changes as the potentiometric head changes, and solute transport is affected by this change in fluid storage. Three widely applied numerical models of two-dimensional transport partially account for the effects of transient flow by removing terms corresponding to the fluid continuity equation from...

Authors

Daniel J. Goode

Water Resources Mission Area, Ecosystems Mission Area, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Environmental Health Program, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1992

Finite-difference interblock transmissivity for unconfined aquifers and for aquifers having smoothly varying transmissivity Finite-difference interblock transmissivity for unconfined aquifers and for aquifers having smoothly varying transmissivity

More accurate alternatives to the widely used harmonic mean interblock transmissivity are proposed for block-centered finite-difference models of ground-water flow in unconfined aquifers and in aquifers having smoothly varying transmissivity. The harmonic mean is the exact interblock transmissivity for steady-state one-dimensional flow with no recharge if the transmissivity is assumed to...

Authors

D.J. Goode, C.A. Appel

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1992

Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks, northeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, May through October 1990 Altitude and configuration of the potentiometric surface in the crystalline and metasedimentary rocks, northeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, May through October 1990

No abstract available

Authors

B. Craig McManus

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1992

Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania; description and water quality of the Little Conestoga Creek headwaters prior to the implementation of nutrient management Evaluation of agricultural best-management practices in the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania; description and water quality of the Little Conestoga Creek headwaters prior to the implementation of nutrient management

The headwaters of the Conestoga River are being studied to determine the effects of agricultural Best-Management Practices on surface-water and ground-water quality. As part of this study, a 5.82-square-mile area of the Little Conestoga Creek headwaters (Small Watershed) was monitored during 1984-86, prior to implementation of Best-Management Practices. This report describes the land use...

Authors

D. K. Fishel, M. J. Brown, K. M. Kostelnik, M.A. Howse

Water Resources Mission Area, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

December 31, 1991

Geochemical evolution of acidic ground water at a reclaimed surface coal mine in western Pennsylvania Geochemical evolution of acidic ground water at a reclaimed surface coal mine in western Pennsylvania

Concentrations of dissolved sulfate and acidity in ground water increase downflow in mine spoil and underlying bedrock at a reclaimed surface coal mine in the bituminous field of western Pennsylvania. Elevated dissolved sulfate and negligible oxygen in ground water from bedrock about 100 feet below the water table suggest that pyritic sulfur is oxidized below the water table, in a system...

Authors

Charles A. Cravotta

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1991

Water-resources data for North Fork Bens Creek, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, August 1983 through September 1988 Water-resources data for North Fork Bens Creek, Somerset County, Pennsylvania, August 1983 through September 1988

Basin and climatological characteristics, quality-assurance data and results, and water-resources data for North Fork Bens Creek, in Somerset County, Pennsylvania are available from August 1983 through September 1988. The lowest temperature (-30. 0 C) was recorded during January 1985, and the highest temperature (36.7 C) was recorded during July 1988. Snowfall accumulates mostly during...

Authors

Emitt C. Witt

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center

January 1, 1991

Geohydrology and ground-water resources of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Geohydrology and ground-water resources of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The aquifers underlying the 134.6-square-mile city of Philadelphia are divided by the Fall Line into the unconsolidated aquifers (chiefly sand and gravel) of the Coastal Plain and the consolidated-rock aquifers (chiefly schist of the Wissahickon Formation) of the Piedmont. Ground water is present under confined and unconfined conditions. The principal units of the confined-aquifer system...

Authors

Gary N. Paulachok

Water Resources Mission Area, Pennsylvania Water Science Center