Dr. Haro is a Fish Biologist at the USGS S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory at Turners Falls, Massachusetts, and serves as Section Leader of the Fish Passage Engineering Section.
His present work involves migratory fish behavior, design, engineering, and evaluation of fish passage structures, fish swimming performance, and ecology and management of American eels. He is also an Adjunct Associate Professor at the University of Massachusetts Department of Environmental Conservation and serves as a major advisor for graduate students, as well as an instructor for courses in fisheries biology.
Professional Experience
1991-present: Ecologist and Section Leader, Fish Passage Engineering Section, S. O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center, Biological Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, Turners Falls, Massachusetts
1991-present: Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology; Department of Natural Resources Conservation, University of Massachusetts
1989-1990: Postdoctoral Research Associate, Cooperative Institute for Marine Resource Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University
Education and Certifications
Ph.D. Zoology, University of Maine 1989
M.Sc. Zoology, University of Rhode Island 1985
B. Sc. Biology, University of Michigan 1981
Affiliations and Memberships*
1985-present: American Fisheries Society Parent Society, Bethesda, MD
1985-present: American Fisheries Society Southern New England Chapter, Woods Hole, MA
1991-present: American Fisheries Society Bioengineering Section, Bethesda, MD
1992-present: University of Massachusetts, Adjunct Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Conservation, Amherst, MA
1996-present: Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, American Eel Management Plan Technical Committee, Fish Passage Working Group, Washington, DC
1996-present: Connecticut River Atlantic Salmon Commission (Fish Passage, Shad Studies Work Group, American Eel Subcommittee)
2000 – present: International Council for Exploration of the Seas (ICES) North American Eel Working Group
2012-present: Great Lakes Fisheries Commission Sea Lamprey Research Board; Trapping Task Force and Barriers Task Force
2010-present: American Society of Civil Engineers Environmental and Water Resources Institute - American Fisheries Society Bioengineering Section Committee on Fish Passage Fisheries Engineering Joint
Science and Products
Thirteen novel ideas and underutilized resources to support progress towards a range-wide American eel stock assessment
Fishway Entrance Palisade
Effect of backwatering a streamgage weir on the passage performance of adult American Shad (Alosa sapidissima)
Evaluation of visible light as a cue for guiding downstream migrant juvenile Sea Lamprey
Effects of plunge pool configuration on downstream passage survival of juvenile blueback herring
Fishway entrance gate experiments with adult American Shad
Push and pull of downstream moving juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) exposed to chemosensory and light cues
Comparison of attraction, entrance and passage of downstream migrant American eels (Anguilla rostrata) through airlift and siphon deep entrance bypass systems
The S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center--a model for progress
Downstream fish passage guide walls: A hydraulic scale model analysis
Hydraulic and biological analysis of the passability of select fish species at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging weir at Blackwells Mills, New Jersey
Sensitivity of the downward to sweeping velocity ratio to the bypass flow percentage along a guide wall for downstream fish passage
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Passage Technologies for American Eels
Evaluation and Development of Fish Passage Structures and Technologies
Fish Passage
Fishway Structure Data in the Eastern United States
Flume facility data collection at the S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory in Turners Falls, MA for the 2016-2017 Fishway Entrance Gate Project
Science and Products
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 31
Thirteen novel ideas and underutilized resources to support progress towards a range-wide American eel stock assessment
A robust assessment of the American eel (Anguilla rostrata) stock, required to guide conservation efforts, is challenged by the species’ vast range, high variability in demographic parameters and data inadequacies. Novel ideas and underutilised resources that may assist both analytic assessments and spatially oriented modelling include (1) species and environmental databases; (2) mining of data frAuthorsDavid K. Cairns, José Benchetrit, Louis Bernatchez, Virginie Bornarel, John M. Casselman, Martin Castonguay, Anthony Charsley, Malte Dorrow, Hilaire Drouineau, Jens Frankowski, Alexander Haro, Simon Hoyle, D. Craig Knickle, Marten A. Koops, Luke A. Poirier, James T. Thorson, John A. Young, Xinhua ZhuFishway Entrance Palisade
This technical report summarizes the work that was conducted by the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), along with other project partners, on the Fishway Entrance Palisade (EP), a projected funded through the Department of Energy’s (DOE) funding opportunity titled ‘Innovative Solutions for Fish Passage at Hydropower Dams’ (DE‐FOA‐0001662). The periodAuthorsKevin Mulligan, Richard Palmer, Brett Towler, Alexander Haro, Bjorn Lake, Marcia Rojas, Elizabeth LotterEffect of backwatering a streamgage weir on the passage performance of adult American Shad (Alosa sapidissima)
Streamgage designs often include a full-width artificial hydraulic control (e.g., concrete weir) to aid in the computation of streamflow. While important to water resource managers, these weirs also tend to act as full or partial barriers to fish migration, effectively hindering the health and survival of these populations. In this study, we conducted experiments to quantify the effect of head droAuthorsKevin Mulligan, Alexander Haro, John NoreikaEvaluation of visible light as a cue for guiding downstream migrant juvenile Sea Lamprey
Light can modify orientation and locomotory behaviors in fish and has been applied to attract or repel migrant fish by inducing positive or negative phototaxis. Here, recently metamorphosed downstream‐migrating Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus were exposed to light cues in several orientations and intensities at night under controlled flowing‐water conditions in a laboratory flume. Behaviors and ratAuthorsAlexander Haro, Scott M. Miehls, Nicholas S. Johnson, C. Michael WagnerEffects of plunge pool configuration on downstream passage survival of juvenile blueback herring
Anadromous alosines are widespread throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Juveniles of this clade are notoriously fragile animals that are at high risk of injury and death associated with passage at hydroelectric facilities. Although turbine mortality is a common concern, conditions encountered when bypassed around these routes may also be hazardous. Downstream bypass structures typically discharge iAuthorsTheodore R. Castro-Santos, Kevin Mulligan, Micah Kieffer, Alexander HaroFishway entrance gate experiments with adult American Shad
The goal of this multiyear study was to examine how changes to an upstream fishway entrance impacted the passage rate of adult American shad (Alosa sapidissima). We evaluated a total of nine treatment conditions that consisted of three fishway entrance gate types and three submergence depths (i.e., the water surface elevation of the tailwater relative to the height of the gate crest). ApproximatelAuthorsKevin Mulligan, Alexander J. Haro, Brett Towler, Bryan Sojkowski, John NoreikaPush and pull of downstream moving juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) exposed to chemosensory and light cues
Visual and olfactory stimuli induce behavioural responses in fishes when applied independently, but little is known about how simultaneous exposure influences behaviour, especially in downstream migrating fishes. Here, downstream moving juvenile sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) were exposed to light and a conspecific chemosensory alarm cue in a flume and movement were monitored with overhead camerAuthorsNicholas S. Johnson, Scott M. Miehls, Alexander J. Haro, C. Michael WagnerComparison of attraction, entrance and passage of downstream migrant American eels (Anguilla rostrata) through airlift and siphon deep entrance bypass systems
Downstream migrating anguillid eels face many barriers including turbines and pumps at impoundments for water abstraction, power generation and water level control, when attempting to exit the freshwater catchment to reach spawning grounds. Multiple eel species worldwide are facing different levels of endangerment and alleviating the impacts of barriers to migration is essential to allow completioAuthorsNicola Baker, Alexander Haro, Barnaby J. Watten, John Noreika, Jonathan D. BollandThe S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Center--a model for progress
No abstract available.AuthorsTheodore R. Castro-Santos, Alexander J. Haro, Benjamin H. Letcher, Stephen D. McCormickDownstream fish passage guide walls: A hydraulic scale model analysis
Partial-depth guide walls are used to improve passage efficiency and reduce the delay of out-migrating anadromous fish species by guiding fish to a bypass route (i.e. weir, pipe, sluice gate) that circumvents the turbine intakes, where survival is usually lower. Evaluation and monitoring studies, however, indicate a high propensity for some fish to pass underneath, rather than along, the guide walAuthorsKevin Mulligan, Brett Towler, Alexander J. Haro, David P. AhlfeldHydraulic and biological analysis of the passability of select fish species at the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging weir at Blackwells Mills, New Jersey
Recent efforts to advance river connectivity for the Millstone River watershed in New Jersey have led to the evaluation of a low-flow gauging weir that spans the full width of the river. The methods and results of a desktop modelling exercise were used to evaluate the potential ability of three anadromous fish species (Alosa sapidissima [American shad], Alosa pseudoharengus [alewife], and Alosa aeAuthorsAlexander J. Haro, Kevin Mulligan, Thomas P. Suro, John Noreika, Amy R. McHughSensitivity of the downward to sweeping velocity ratio to the bypass flow percentage along a guide wall for downstream fish passage
Partial-depth impermeable guidance structures (or guide walls) are used as a method to assist in the downstream passage of fish at a hydroelectric facility. However, guide walls can result in a strong downward velocity causing the approaching fish to pass below the wall and into the direction of the turbine intakes. The objective of this study was to describe how the ratio of the vertical velocityAuthorsKevin Mulligan, Brett Towler, Alexander J. Haro, David P. AhlfeldNon-USGS Publications**
Haro, A. 2009. Population and habitat restoration. Pages 495-496 in: Haro, A. J., K. L. Smith, R. A. Rulifson, C. M. Moffitt, R. J. Klauda, M. J. Dadswell, R. A. Cunjak, J. E. Cooper, K. L. Beal, and T. S. Avery, editors. 2009. Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a Dynamic Global Environment. American Fisheries Society, Symposium 69, Bethesda, Maryland. IP-012111Brown, L., A. Haro, and T. Castro-Santos. 2009. Three-dimensional movement of silver-phase American eels in the forebay of a small hydroelectric facility. Pages 277-291 in: J. Casselman et al. editors. Eels at the Edge: Science, Status, and Conservation Concerns. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. IP-008996Bunt, C. M., T. Castro-Santos, and A. Haro. 2011. Performance of fish passage structures at upstream barriers to migration. River Research and Applications 28(4): 457-478. doi: 10.1002/rra.156. IP-031133Haro, A. and T. Castro-Santos 2012. Passage of American shad: paradigms and realities. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 4(1): 252-261. doi: 10.1080/19425120.2012.675975. IP-037072Haro, A., R. Dudley, and M. Chelminski. 2012. Development of computational fluid dynamics-habitat suitability (CFD–HSI) models to identify potential passage-challenge zones for migratory fishes in the Penobscot River. USGS Fact Sheet 2012–3073; 2 pp. IP-036270Franklin, A. E., A. Haro, T. Castro-Santos, and J. Noreika. 2012. Evaluation of nature-like and technical fishways for the passage of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) at two coastal streams in New England. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 141(3): 624-637. doi: 10.1080/00028487.2012.683469. IP-014329Castro-Santos, T. and A. Haro. 2013. Survival and behavioral effects of exposure to a hydrokinetic turbine on juvenile Atlantic salmon and adult American shad. Estuaries and Coasts. doi:10.1007/s12237-013-9680-6. IP-049248Haro, A. (ed.) 2013. Proceedings of a workshop on eel passage technologies. Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Special Report No. 90. 32 p. IP-049129Haro, A. 2014. Anguillidae. Pages 313-331 in: B. M. Burr and M. L. Warren, Jr., eds. Diversity of North American Freshwater Fishes: Natural History, Ecology, and Conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press. IP-039301McCormick, S. D., A. Haro, D. T. Lerner, M. F. O'Dea and A. M. Regish. 2014. Migratory patterns of hatchery- and stream-reared Atlantic salmon smolts in the Connecticut River, USA. Journal of Fish Biology 85:1005 – 1022. doi:10.1111/jfb.12532. IP-054890Theim, J.D., J.W. Dawson, A.C. Gleiss, E.G. Martins, A. Haro, T. Castro-Santos, A.J. Danylchuk, R.P. Wilson, S.J. Cooke. 2015. Accelerometer-derived activity correlates with volitional swimming speed in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fluvescens). Canadian Journal of Zoology 93: 645-654. doi:10.1139/cjz-2014-0271. IP-055359Haro, A., M. Chelminski, and R. Dudley. 2015. Computational fluid dynamics – habitat suitability index (CFD-HSI) modelling as an exploratory tool for assessing passability of riverine migratory challenge zones for fish. River Research and Applications 31: 526–537. doi:10.1002/rra.2911. IP-049212Towler, B., K. Mulligan, and A. Haro. 2015. Derivation and application of the energy dissipation factor in the design of fishways. Ecological Engineering. 83: 208-217. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.06.014. IP-059508T. Castro-Santos, X. Shi, and A. Haro. 2016. Migratory behavior of adult sea lamprey and cumulative passage performance through four fishways. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2016-0089. IP-060899Haro, A., B. Watten, and J. Noreika. 2016. Passage of downstream migrant American eels through an airlift deep bypass system. Ecological Engineering 91(2016):545-552. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.02.028. IP-068556Turek, J., A. Haro, and B. Towler. 2016. Federal interagency nature‐like fishway passage design guidelines for Atlantic coast diadromous fishes. USGS-USFWS-NMFS Interagency Technical Memorandum. 47 pp. IP-064934Mulligan, K., B. Towler, A. Haro, and D.P. Ahlfeld. 2017. A computational fluid dynamics modeling study of guide walls for downstream fish passage. Ecological Engineering 99:324-332, doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.11.025. IP-080297Miehls, S.M., N. S. Johnson, and A. Haro. 2017. Electrical guidance efficiency of downstream migrating juvenile Sea Lamprey decreases with increasing water velocity. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 146(2): 299-307. doi: 10.1080/00028487.2016.1256834. IP-080796Mulligan, K. B., B. Towler, A. Haro, and D. P. Ahlfeld. 2017. Sensitivity of the downward to sweeping velocity ratio to the bypass flow percentage along a guide wall for downstream fish passage. Ecological Engineering 109:10-14. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.012. IP-080644Haro, A., K. Mulligan, T. P. Suro, J. Noreika, and A. McHugh. 2017. Hydraulic and biological passability analysis of the Blackwells Mills USGS gaging weir. USGS Scientific Investigations Report 2017-5103. doi: 10.3133/sir20175103. IP-082637**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
- Science
Passage Technologies for American Eels
The American eel (Anguilla rostrata) migrates into freshwater in the juvenile (glass eel and elver) stage, feeds and grows in freshwater habitats, and migrates downstream to the ocean to spawn as an adult. Migrating eels frequently encounter barriers in river environments, primarily in the form of dams, that limit access of juveniles to upstream growth habitat, and can injure or kill adult...Evaluation and Development of Fish Passage Structures and Technologies
Dams can be found in just about every major river, and for good reason. Society has received many benefits like flood control, hydropower, water supply storage, and places to recreate. However, many fish and other life in our rivers can’t swim around these barriers. Often, the best spot for a fish to live and reproduce is out of reach because they can’t pass by a dam. This has not gone unnoticed...Fish Passage
A major focus of USGS-LSC is the design and evaluation of state-of the-art upstream and downstream fish passage structures for hydropower facilities of different sizes and locations and for different fish species, including endangered sturgeons and Atlantic salmon. Performance, physiology, behavior and energetics of each fish species are tested in-house for each design. - Data
Fishway Structure Data in the Eastern United States
These data are a compilation of fishway structures collected by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission state representatives at the request of the U.S. Geological Survey. The variables included within this dataset range from locality information and structure metadata (eg. latitude/longitude and year of construction) to metrics specifically about the fishway structure (eg. fishway width).Flume facility data collection at the S.O. Conte Anadromous Fish Research Laboratory in Turners Falls, MA for the 2016-2017 Fishway Entrance Gate Project
This data was collected over the course of two years, from 2016 to 2017, within the flume facility laboratory. The research project that was conducted evaluated different fishway entrance designs and their effect on the passage of adult American shad. The data consists of 15 columns and 1925 rows. Each row entry pertains to the performance of a single fish during one of 64 trials over the two year - Multimedia
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*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government