Allen Andersen, PhD
Allen is a Research Geologist with the GMEG Science Center in Spokane, WA. His research focuses on magmatic and hydrothermal ore-forming processes of critical mineral deposits and geochemistry applied to the assessment of economically valuable mineral resources.
More specifically, Allen’s work focuses on the geology of rare earth element (REE) deposits, the behavior of REE in fluids and carbonatite magmas, and mineral resources associated with Paleogene magmatism across western North America. Allen also maintains interest in the formation of magmatic ore deposits enriched in platinum-group elements, chromium, nickel, copper, cobalt, iron, titanium, and vanadium.
Current USGS Research Projects·
- 2023–Present: Multidisciplinary Investigations of REE Mineralization at Mountain Pass and in the Southeast Mojave Desert, California
- 2021–Present: Evaluation of Critical Elements in Carbonatites
- 2021–Present: Earth Mapping Resources Initiative (Earth MRI)
- 2019–Present: Systems Approach to Critical Minerals Inventory, Research, and Assessment
Former USGS Research Projects
- 2019–2020: Critical Elements in Carbonatites: From Exploration Targets to Element Distribution
- 2018–2022: Critical Commodity Studies, Stillwater Complex, Montana
- 2019–2020: Mineral Resource Assessment Training (Tungsten skarn)
Professional Experience
2018 – Present: Research Geologist, Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center, Spokane WA.
Education and Certifications
PhD, Geology, Washington State University
MSc Geology, Washington State University
BSc, Geology, Northwest Missouri State University
Science and Products
Critical Elements in Carbonatites: From Exploration Targets to Element Distribution
Mineral Resource Assessment Training
Critical commodity studies, Stillwater Complex, Montana and Duluth Complex, Minnesota
Geochemical data for ultramafic rocks and sulfide minerals from the disrupted lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex, USA Geochemical data for ultramafic rocks and sulfide minerals from the disrupted lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex, USA
Fluid inclusion data for fluorite, smoky quartz, and calcite samples from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming Fluid inclusion data for fluorite, smoky quartz, and calcite samples from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming
Chemistry data for rare earth carbonate minerals from the Mountain Pass rare earth element deposit, California Chemistry data for rare earth carbonate minerals from the Mountain Pass rare earth element deposit, California
International Manganese Samples—The Donnel Foster Hewett Collection International Manganese Samples—The Donnel Foster Hewett Collection
In situ geochemical data for clinopyroxene in igneous rocks of the Bear Lodge and Mineral Hill alkaline complexes, Wyoming In situ geochemical data for clinopyroxene in igneous rocks of the Bear Lodge and Mineral Hill alkaline complexes, Wyoming
Fluorite Samples from the Western United States - The Ronald G. Worl Collection Fluorite Samples from the Western United States - The Ronald G. Worl Collection
Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the Judith Mountains and Crazy Mountains alkalic complexes, Montana Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the Judith Mountains and Crazy Mountains alkalic complexes, Montana
Spatial data associated with tungsten skarn resource assessment of the Northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho Spatial data associated with tungsten skarn resource assessment of the Northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho
Lithogeochemistry and images of selected drill core samples from the Mineral Hill alkaline complex, Wyoming Lithogeochemistry and images of selected drill core samples from the Mineral Hill alkaline complex, Wyoming
Whole-rock geochemical data for the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: 2009 - 2013 Whole-rock geochemical data for the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: 2009 - 2013
Lithogeochemistry of selected surface and drill core samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana Lithogeochemistry of selected surface and drill core samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana
TIMA-X Bright Phase Analysis of Platinum-Group Minerals in Selected Samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana TIMA-X Bright Phase Analysis of Platinum-Group Minerals in Selected Samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana
Rare earth element-mineralized carbonatite in the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, USA—Ore genesis implications from fluid inclusion characterization Rare earth element-mineralized carbonatite in the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, USA—Ore genesis implications from fluid inclusion characterization
The role of alkali bicarbonate-sulfate brines in the genesis of carbonatite REE resources at the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, Wyoming The role of alkali bicarbonate-sulfate brines in the genesis of carbonatite REE resources at the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, Wyoming
Complex carbonate ore mineralogy in the Mountain Pass carbonatite rare earth element deposit, USA Complex carbonate ore mineralogy in the Mountain Pass carbonatite rare earth element deposit, USA
Stable isotope constraints on the source of ore fluids for the Hicks Dome REE+Y-HFSE-fluorspar deposit Stable isotope constraints on the source of ore fluids for the Hicks Dome REE+Y-HFSE-fluorspar deposit
Tungsten resources of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho— A synthesis and quantitative assessment of skarn-hosted resources Tungsten resources of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho— A synthesis and quantitative assessment of skarn-hosted resources
Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadiu Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadiu
Precious and base metal mineralization within the lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex: New targets defined and old targets revisited Precious and base metal mineralization within the lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex: New targets defined and old targets revisited
C–O stable isotope geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Bear Lodge carbonatite stockwork, Wyoming, USA C–O stable isotope geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Bear Lodge carbonatite stockwork, Wyoming, USA
A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming
Non-USGS Publications**
and supergene enrichment of the Bear Lodge carbonatites, Wyoming, USA: Ore Geology Reviews.
v. 89, 780–807
HFSE(+HREE) occurrence, peripheral to carbonatites of the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: American Mineralogist, v. 101, 1604–1623.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Critical Elements in Carbonatites: From Exploration Targets to Element Distribution
Mineral Resource Assessment Training
Critical commodity studies, Stillwater Complex, Montana and Duluth Complex, Minnesota
Geochemical data for ultramafic rocks and sulfide minerals from the disrupted lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex, USA Geochemical data for ultramafic rocks and sulfide minerals from the disrupted lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex, USA
Fluid inclusion data for fluorite, smoky quartz, and calcite samples from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming Fluid inclusion data for fluorite, smoky quartz, and calcite samples from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming
Chemistry data for rare earth carbonate minerals from the Mountain Pass rare earth element deposit, California Chemistry data for rare earth carbonate minerals from the Mountain Pass rare earth element deposit, California
International Manganese Samples—The Donnel Foster Hewett Collection International Manganese Samples—The Donnel Foster Hewett Collection
In situ geochemical data for clinopyroxene in igneous rocks of the Bear Lodge and Mineral Hill alkaline complexes, Wyoming In situ geochemical data for clinopyroxene in igneous rocks of the Bear Lodge and Mineral Hill alkaline complexes, Wyoming
Fluorite Samples from the Western United States - The Ronald G. Worl Collection Fluorite Samples from the Western United States - The Ronald G. Worl Collection
Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the Judith Mountains and Crazy Mountains alkalic complexes, Montana Geochemical analyses of rock samples collected from the Judith Mountains and Crazy Mountains alkalic complexes, Montana
Spatial data associated with tungsten skarn resource assessment of the Northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho Spatial data associated with tungsten skarn resource assessment of the Northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho
Lithogeochemistry and images of selected drill core samples from the Mineral Hill alkaline complex, Wyoming Lithogeochemistry and images of selected drill core samples from the Mineral Hill alkaline complex, Wyoming
Whole-rock geochemical data for the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: 2009 - 2013 Whole-rock geochemical data for the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: 2009 - 2013
Lithogeochemistry of selected surface and drill core samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana Lithogeochemistry of selected surface and drill core samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana
TIMA-X Bright Phase Analysis of Platinum-Group Minerals in Selected Samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana TIMA-X Bright Phase Analysis of Platinum-Group Minerals in Selected Samples from the Chrome and Iron Mountain areas of the Stillwater Complex, Montana
Rare earth element-mineralized carbonatite in the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, USA—Ore genesis implications from fluid inclusion characterization Rare earth element-mineralized carbonatite in the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, USA—Ore genesis implications from fluid inclusion characterization
The role of alkali bicarbonate-sulfate brines in the genesis of carbonatite REE resources at the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, Wyoming The role of alkali bicarbonate-sulfate brines in the genesis of carbonatite REE resources at the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, Wyoming
Complex carbonate ore mineralogy in the Mountain Pass carbonatite rare earth element deposit, USA Complex carbonate ore mineralogy in the Mountain Pass carbonatite rare earth element deposit, USA
Stable isotope constraints on the source of ore fluids for the Hicks Dome REE+Y-HFSE-fluorspar deposit Stable isotope constraints on the source of ore fluids for the Hicks Dome REE+Y-HFSE-fluorspar deposit
Tungsten resources of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho— A synthesis and quantitative assessment of skarn-hosted resources Tungsten resources of the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana and Idaho— A synthesis and quantitative assessment of skarn-hosted resources
Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadiu Focus areas for data acquisition for potential domestic resources of 13 critical minerals in the conterminous United States and Puerto Rico — Antimony, barite, beryllium, chromium, fluorspar, hafnium, helium, magnesium, manganese, potash, uranium, vanadiu
Precious and base metal mineralization within the lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex: New targets defined and old targets revisited Precious and base metal mineralization within the lower stratigraphy of the Stillwater Complex: New targets defined and old targets revisited
C–O stable isotope geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Bear Lodge carbonatite stockwork, Wyoming, USA C–O stable isotope geochemistry and 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Bear Lodge carbonatite stockwork, Wyoming, USA
A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming A preliminary study of older hot spring alteration in Sevenmile Hole, Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone River, Yellowstone Caldera, Wyoming
Non-USGS Publications**
and supergene enrichment of the Bear Lodge carbonatites, Wyoming, USA: Ore Geology Reviews.
v. 89, 780–807
HFSE(+HREE) occurrence, peripheral to carbonatites of the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: American Mineralogist, v. 101, 1604–1623.
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.