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Daniel A Grear

Dan Grear is a Wildlife Disease Ecologist at the National Wildlife Health Center.

I am interested in mechanisms that cause heterogeneities in pathogen transmission in wild animal disease systems and at the interface of wildlife, domestic animal, and human health. I lead investigations into wildlife mortality events and research that incorporates field studies with theoretical modeling of disease systems to identify key mechanisms that drive transmission dynamic.

Professional Experience

  • 2015 - Present Wildlife Disease Ecologist, U.S. Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI

  • 2013 - 2015 Ecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO

  • 2011 - 2014 Post-Doctoral Researcher, Colorado State University

Education and Certifications

  • 2011 Ph.D. Ecology, Pennsylvania State University

  • 2006 M.S. Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin

  • 2002 B.S. Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin

Affiliations and Memberships*

  • Member of the Ecological Society of America

  • Member of the Wildlife Society

  • Bsal Task Force Working Group Member

Science and Products

Image: Three-lined Salamander

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) is an emerging pathogen capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality in salamanders.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) is an emerging pathogen capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality in salamanders.
Learn More
Scientist swabbing newt.

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) Surveillance

Scientists of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with partners have developed risk assessments for  Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) in the United States and are sampling high-risk locations for the fungus.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) Surveillance

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) Surveillance

Scientists of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with partners have developed risk assessments for  Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) in the United States and are sampling high-risk locations for the fungus.
Learn More
A small transluscent worm with markings that resemble a screw

Preparing for Potential Emergence of New World Screwworm in the U.S.

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) is supporting the Department of the Interior’s (DOI) preparedness planning for New World screwworm (NWS), a re-emerging parasitic disease that is spreading north from Central America.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Preparing for Potential Emergence of New World Screwworm in the U.S.

Preparing for Potential Emergence of New World Screwworm in the U.S.

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) is supporting the Department of the Interior’s (DOI) preparedness planning for New World screwworm (NWS), a re-emerging parasitic disease that is spreading north from Central America.
Learn More
Aedes albopictus mosquito

Forecasting Mosquito Phenology in a Shifting Climate: Synthesizing Continental-scale Monitoring Data

Climate change is expected to have significant effects on the phenology of vectors of arthropod-borne diseases, particularly mosquitoes. However, forecasting the direction and magnitude of future phenological shifts requires a more detailed understanding of the climate drivers of mosquito phenology. Addressing this knowledge gap is particularly salient for mosquitoes, as they have the...
By
John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis
Forecasting Mosquito Phenology in a Shifting Climate: Synthesizing Continental-scale Monitoring Data

Forecasting Mosquito Phenology in a Shifting Climate: Synthesizing Continental-scale Monitoring Data

Climate change is expected to have significant effects on the phenology of vectors of arthropod-borne diseases, particularly mosquitoes. However, forecasting the direction and magnitude of future phenological shifts requires a more detailed understanding of the climate drivers of mosquito phenology. Addressing this knowledge gap is particularly salient for mosquitoes, as they have the potential to
Learn More
Northern gannet flying with mountains in background.

Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). It remains a global disease with potential high consequence with the potential to threaten wildlife, agriculture, and human health.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Avian Influenza

Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). It remains a global disease with potential high consequence with the potential to threaten wildlife, agriculture, and human health.
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 18

Hosts, pathogens, and hot ponds: Thermal variability and heat contribute jointly to spatial patterns of chytrid infection in amphibians in southern Wisconsin, data release Hosts, pathogens, and hot ponds: Thermal variability and heat contribute jointly to spatial patterns of chytrid infection in amphibians in southern Wisconsin, data release

Data was collected to evaluate how are temperature variability and heat related were to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) in 23 freshwater ponds in southeastern Wisconsin, USA. We collected data on water temperature, pond characteristics, amphibian species presence, and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection by collecting skin swabs...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox virus spillback component data (North America, 2022) to create risk assessment of spillback at human-wildlife interface SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox virus spillback component data (North America, 2022) to create risk assessment of spillback at human-wildlife interface

We compiled a data set of species by country metrics related to spillback risk for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and Mpox viruses. This included aggregating species level estimates of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox infections, species distribution, and county level infection pressure for both viruses.
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Data Release: Coordinated efforts toward understanding a mortality event in wild passerines in the eastern United States: Responses, lessons learned and future recommendations Data Release: Coordinated efforts toward understanding a mortality event in wild passerines in the eastern United States: Responses, lessons learned and future recommendations

This data set describes post-mortem examination of avian species from a rapid response to a wildlife health event. We reported on the response to a 2021 mortality event in wild passerines in the eastern US. Early ground efforts by wildlife rehabilitators and veterinarians, with public participation, fueled rapid responses by government agencies including sample submission and evaluation
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Indiana Amphibian Pathogen Surveillance data release Indiana Amphibian Pathogen Surveillance data release

Data in this dataset were collected as a part of a surveillance project for reintroduction of a state endangered species in Indiana. This data was collected in the field by state biologists and sent to the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) for testing of four amphibian pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs), Ranavirus, and...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Avian disease screening of translocated sage grouse captured in Montana, USA Avian disease screening of translocated sage grouse captured in Montana, USA

The purpose of this project is to determine the infectious status and exposure status of several diseases that have the potential to impact the health of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) captured in Montana, USA to be translocated to Alberta, Canada. Specific disease status to be tested include, infection with avian influenza virus (AIV), infection with Avian Paramyxovirus...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Data Release for Replicate amphibian swab and standard dilution of artificial DNA data to assess qPCR and sampling detection error for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Data Release for Replicate amphibian swab and standard dilution of artificial DNA data to assess qPCR and sampling detection error for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

We generated a data set from by collecting duplicate swabs from all amphibian individuals sampled at 5 sites (96 individuals) and analyzed these duplicate swabs running 3 subsamples of the extracted DNA in separate qPCR reactions. The resulting data set included 2 swabs per individual with 1 qPCR result and a 2nd swab with 3 qPCR results for detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis...
By
National Wildlife Health Center
A scientist holds a petri dish under a light. Inside the dish are microorganisms taken from salamander skin.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist holds a petri dish under a light. Inside the dish are microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines microorganisms from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist holds a petri dish under a light. Inside the dish are microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines microorganisms from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist's hand reaches for a microbiological plate on a stack. Each has microorganisms taken from salamander skin.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist's hand reaches for a microbiological plate on a stack. Each has microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist reaches for a microbiological plate with cultures from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist's hand reaches for a microbiological plate on a stack. Each has microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist reaches for a microbiological plate with cultures from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist prepares to analyze a skin swab from a salamander to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist prepares to analyze a skin swab from a salamander to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist in a lab holding a salamander skin sample under a light for investigation.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist in a lab holding a salamander skin sample under a light for investigation.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines a skin sample from a salamander as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist in a lab holding a salamander skin sample under a light for investigation.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines a skin sample from a salamander as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
USGS scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
USGS scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines salamanders as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
USGS scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines salamanders as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
Dark colored newt on bright green vegetation.
Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin
Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin
Dark colored newt on bright green vegetation.

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Dark colored newt on bright green vegetation.

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Filter Total Items: 46

Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii

Conservation translocations are an increasingly common and often necessary component of recovering species that have become extirpated from portions of their range. Understanding and ameliorating potential threats that reduce the likelihood of successful population establishment at recipient sites is a key component of successful translocation planning. We examined multiple potential...
Authors
Daniel Antonio Macias, Patrick M. Kleeman, Michelle L. Hladik, Kelly Smalling, Paul G. Johnson, Daniel A. Grear, Jonathan P. Rose, Brian J. Halstead
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, California Water Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, New Jersey Water Science Center, Western Ecological Research Center (WERC)

Hosts, pathogens and hot ponds: Thermal mean and variability contribute to spatial patterns of chytrid infection Hosts, pathogens and hot ponds: Thermal mean and variability contribute to spatial patterns of chytrid infection

Temperature is a primary driver of heterogeneity in host–pathogen dynamics and understanding how patch-scale temperature affects landscape-scale patterns of pathogen infection is key to effective monitoring and management. In field studies, both temperature variability and mean temperature are often related to infection of ectothermic animals by fungal pathogens, and although these...
Authors
Brendan K Hobart, Daniel A. Grear, Megan Winzeler, Travis Mcdevitt-Galles, Timothy M Korpita, Erin L. Muths, Valerie J McKenzie
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Fort Collins Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center

Rapid risk assessment framework to estimate potential for spillback at human-wildlife interfaces Rapid risk assessment framework to estimate potential for spillback at human-wildlife interfaces

More than 60% of emerging infectious diseases of humans have a wildlife origin, and when these diseases spread through human populations to new geographical areas, there is a considerable risk of spillback from humans to wildlife species. Spillback events can have severe consequences for wildlife populations, where the disease may cause morbidity and mortality, and human populations...
Authors
Travis Mcdevitt-Galles, Tricia L. Fry, Katherine Richgels, Daniel A. Grear
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Independent and interactive effects of disease and methylmercury on demographic rates across multiple amphibian populations Independent and interactive effects of disease and methylmercury on demographic rates across multiple amphibian populations

Disease, alone or combined with other stressors such as habitat loss and contaminants, affects wildlife populations worldwide. However, interactions among stressors and how they affect demography and populations remain poorly understood. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd) is a sometimes-lethal pathogen linked with population declines and extirpations of...
Authors
Morgan P. Kain, Blake R. Hossack, Kelly Smalling, Brian J. Halstead, Daniel A. Grear, David A. Miller, Michael J. Adams, Adam R. Backlin, William Barichivich, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Colleen Emery, Jillian Elizabeth Fleming, Robert N. Fisher, Elizabeth Gallegos, Duoa J. Lor, Patrick M. Kleeman, Erin L. Muths, Ty Pan, Christopher Pearl, Charles W. Robinson, Caitlin Teresa Rumrill, Brian J. Tornabene, J. Hardin Waddle, Susan Walls, Evan H. Campbell Grant
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Pan-amphibia distribution of the fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis varies with species and temperature Pan-amphibia distribution of the fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis varies with species and temperature

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a globally distributed fungal pathogen of amphibians that has contributed to one of the largest disease-related biodiversity losses in wildlife. Bd is regularly viewed through the lens of a global wildlife epizootic because the spread of highly virulent genetic lineages has resulted in well-documented declines and extinctions of multiple amphibian...
Authors
Daniel A. Grear, Michael J. Adams, Adam R. Backlin, William Barichivich, Adrianne Brand, Gary M. Bucciarelli, Daniel L. Calhoun, Tara Chestnut, Jon D Davenport, Andrew E Dietrich, Graziella V. DiRenzo, Robert N. Fisher, Brad Glorioso, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Brian J. Halstead, Marc P Hayes, Blake R. Hossack, Morgan Kain, Patrick M. Kleeman, Jeffrey M. Lorch, Brome McCreary, David A.W. Miller, Brittany A. Mosher, Erin L. Muths, Christopher Pearl, Charles H. Robinson, Mark Roth, Jennifer Rowe, Walter Sadinski, Brent H. Sigafus, Iga Stasiak, Samuel Sweet, Hardin Waddle, Susan Walls, Gregory J Watkins-Colwell, Lori A Williams, Megan Winzeler
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

An enigmatic wild passerine mortality event in the eastern United States An enigmatic wild passerine mortality event in the eastern United States

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations. We report on the response to a...
Authors
Sabrina S. Greening, Julie C. Ellis, Nicole L. Lewis, David B. Needle, Cristina M. Tato, Susan Knowles, Valerie I. Shearn-Bochsler, Jaimie L. Miller, Daniel A. Grear, Jeffrey M. Lorch, David S. Blehert, Caitlin Burrell, Lisa A. Murphy, Erica A. Miller, C. Brandon Ogbunugafor, Andrea J. Ayala, W. Kelley Thomas, Megan S. Kirchgessner, Christine Casey, Ethan P. Barton, Michael J. Yabsley, Eman Anis, Roderick B. Gagne, Patrice Klein, Cindy P. Driscoll, Chelsea Sykes, Robert H. Poppenga, Nicole M. Nemeth
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Gorsich EE, Luis AD, Buhnerkempe MG, Grear DA, Portacci K, Miller RS, Webb CT. 2016. Mapping US cattle shipment networks: Spatial and temporal patterns of trade communities from 2009 to 2011. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 134, 82-91.
Lavelle MJ, Kay SL, Pepin KM, Grear DA, Campa H, VerCauteren K. 2016. Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 135, 28-36.
Scott A, B McCluskey, M Brown-Reid, DA Grear, P Pitcher, G Ramos, D Spencer. 2016. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus introduction into the United States: Root cause investigation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 123, 192-201. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.013
Glaser L, M Carstensen, S Shaw, S Robbe-Austerman, A Wunschmann, DA Grear, T Stuber, B Thomsen. 2016. Descpriptive epidemiology and whole genome sequencing analysis for an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in beef cattle and white-tailed deer in Northwestern Minnesota. PLoS ONE, e0145735.
McClure RSM, CL Burdett, ML Farnsworth, MW Lutman, DM Theobold, PD Riggs, DA Grear, RS Miller. 2015. Modeling and mapping the probability of occurrence of invasive wild pigs across the contiguous United States. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0133771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133771
Pepin KM, CB Leach, C Marques-Toledo, KH Laass, KS Paixao, AD Luis, DTS Hayman, NG Johnson, MG Buhnerkempe, S Carver, DA Grear, K Tsao, AE Eiras, and CT Webb. 2015. Utility of mosquito surveillance data for spatial prioritization of vector control against dengue viruses in three Brazilian cities. Parasites and Vectors, 8, 98.
Tsao K, S Robbe-Austerman, RS Miller, K Portacci, DA Grear, and CT Webb. 2014. Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States. Infection, Genetics, and Evolution. 114, 201-212.
Luong LT, DA Grear, and PJ Hudson. 2014. Manipulation of host-resource dynamics impacts transmission of trophically transmitted parasites. International Journal for Parasitology, 44, 737-742.
Grear DA, J Kaneene, J Averill, and CT Webb. 2014. Local cattle movements in response to ongoing bovine TB zonation and regulations. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 114, 201-212.
Buhnerkempe MG, MJ Tildesley, T Lindström, DA Grear, RS Miller, K Portacci, M Keeling, U Wennergren, and CT Webb. 2014. The impact of movements and animal density on continental scale cattle disease outbreaks in the United States. PLoS one, e91724.
Grear DA, LT Luong, and PJ Hudson. 2013. Network transmission inference: host behavior and parasite life-cycle make social networks meaningful in disease ecology, Ecological Applications, 23, 1906-1914.
Buhnerkempe, MG, DA Grear, RS Miller, K Portacci, J Lombard, and CT Webb. 2013. A national-scale picture of U.S. cattle movements obtained from Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection data. Prev. Vet. Med., 112, 318-329.
Lindström T, DA Grear, MG Buhnerkempe, CT Webb, RS Miller, K Portacci, and U Wennergren. 2013. Bayesian approach for modeling cattle movements in the United States: scaling up a partially observed network. PLoS ONE,8, e53432. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053432
Grear DA, LT Luong, and PJ Hudson. 2012. Sex-biased transmission of a complex life-cycle parasite: why males matter. Oikos, 121, 1446-1453. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20358.x
Blanchong, JA, DA Grear, BV Weckworth, DP Keane, KT Scribner, and MD Samuel. 2012. Effects of chronic wasting disease on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability in Wisconsin white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48, 361-370.
Rogers K, S Robinson, MD Samuel, and DA Grear. 2011. Diversity and distribution of white-tailed deer mtDNA lineages in CWD outbreak areas in southern Wisconsin, USA. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 74, 1521-1535. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2011.618980
Grear DA and PJ Hudson. 2011. The dynamics of macroparasite host-self-infection: a study of the patterns and processes of pinworm (Oxyuridae) aggregation. Parasitology, 138, 619-617. doi: 10.1017/S0031182011000096.
Grear DA, MD Samuel, K Scribner, BV Weckworth, and JA Langenberg. 2010. Influence of genetic relatedness and spatial proximity on CWD transmission among female white-tailed deer. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 532-540.
Luong, LT, SE Perkins, DA Grear, A Rizzoli, and PJ Hudson. 2010. The relative importance of host characteristics and co-infection in generating variation in Heligmosomoides polygyrus fecundity. Parasitology, 137, 1003-1012.
Grear DA, SE Perkins, and PJ Hudson. 2009. Does elevated testosterone result in increased exposure and transmission of parasites? Ecology Letters, 12, 528-537.
Luong, LT, DA Grear, and PJ Hudson. 2009. Male hosts are responsible for the transmission of a trophically transmitted parasite, Pterygodermatites peromysci to the intermediate host in the absence of sex-biased infection. International Journal for Parasitology, 39, 1263-1268.
Grear DA, MD Samuel, JA Langenberg, and D Keane. 2006. Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin. Journal of Wildlife Management, 70, 546-553.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

Pan-Amphibia Bd distribution: software release Pan-Amphibia Bd distribution: software release

This software release contains the code necessary to reconstruct analyses, tables, and figures presented in "Pan-Amphibia distribution of the fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis varies with species and temperature." These analyses compile temperature and precipitation data with Bd data for a cross-sectional amphibian swabbing survey performed 2014-2017, perform spatial data...
By
National Wildlife Health Center
Preventive actions in response to the Bsal threat reduced Bsal risk in the U.S.

Preventive actions in response to the Bsal threat reduced Bsal risk in the U.S.

Import regulations and a large surveillance effort have reduced the risk of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) introduction to the United States...

Read Article
A Unified Research Strategy for Disease Management

A Unified Research Strategy for Disease Management

As wildlife diseases increase globally, an understanding of host-pathogen relationships can elucidate avenues for management and improve conservation...

Read Article

Science and Products

Image: Three-lined Salamander

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) is an emerging pathogen capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality in salamanders.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal)

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) is an emerging pathogen capable of causing significant morbidity and mortality in salamanders.
Learn More
Scientist swabbing newt.

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) Surveillance

Scientists of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with partners have developed risk assessments for  Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) in the United States and are sampling high-risk locations for the fungus.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) Surveillance

Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) Surveillance

Scientists of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) in collaboration with partners have developed risk assessments for  Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans  ( Bsal ) in the United States and are sampling high-risk locations for the fungus.
Learn More
A small transluscent worm with markings that resemble a screw

Preparing for Potential Emergence of New World Screwworm in the U.S.

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) is supporting the Department of the Interior’s (DOI) preparedness planning for New World screwworm (NWS), a re-emerging parasitic disease that is spreading north from Central America.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Preparing for Potential Emergence of New World Screwworm in the U.S.

Preparing for Potential Emergence of New World Screwworm in the U.S.

The USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) is supporting the Department of the Interior’s (DOI) preparedness planning for New World screwworm (NWS), a re-emerging parasitic disease that is spreading north from Central America.
Learn More
Aedes albopictus mosquito

Forecasting Mosquito Phenology in a Shifting Climate: Synthesizing Continental-scale Monitoring Data

Climate change is expected to have significant effects on the phenology of vectors of arthropod-borne diseases, particularly mosquitoes. However, forecasting the direction and magnitude of future phenological shifts requires a more detailed understanding of the climate drivers of mosquito phenology. Addressing this knowledge gap is particularly salient for mosquitoes, as they have the...
By
John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis
Forecasting Mosquito Phenology in a Shifting Climate: Synthesizing Continental-scale Monitoring Data

Forecasting Mosquito Phenology in a Shifting Climate: Synthesizing Continental-scale Monitoring Data

Climate change is expected to have significant effects on the phenology of vectors of arthropod-borne diseases, particularly mosquitoes. However, forecasting the direction and magnitude of future phenological shifts requires a more detailed understanding of the climate drivers of mosquito phenology. Addressing this knowledge gap is particularly salient for mosquitoes, as they have the potential to
Learn More
Northern gannet flying with mountains in background.

Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). It remains a global disease with potential high consequence with the potential to threaten wildlife, agriculture, and human health.
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, National Wildlife Health Center
Avian Influenza

Avian Influenza

Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by various strains of avian influenza viruses that can be classified as low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) or highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). It remains a global disease with potential high consequence with the potential to threaten wildlife, agriculture, and human health.
Learn More
Filter Total Items: 18

Hosts, pathogens, and hot ponds: Thermal variability and heat contribute jointly to spatial patterns of chytrid infection in amphibians in southern Wisconsin, data release Hosts, pathogens, and hot ponds: Thermal variability and heat contribute jointly to spatial patterns of chytrid infection in amphibians in southern Wisconsin, data release

Data was collected to evaluate how are temperature variability and heat related were to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection in eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens) in 23 freshwater ponds in southeastern Wisconsin, USA. We collected data on water temperature, pond characteristics, amphibian species presence, and Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection by collecting skin swabs...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox virus spillback component data (North America, 2022) to create risk assessment of spillback at human-wildlife interface SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox virus spillback component data (North America, 2022) to create risk assessment of spillback at human-wildlife interface

We compiled a data set of species by country metrics related to spillback risk for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) and Mpox viruses. This included aggregating species level estimates of susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 and Mpox infections, species distribution, and county level infection pressure for both viruses.
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Data Release: Coordinated efforts toward understanding a mortality event in wild passerines in the eastern United States: Responses, lessons learned and future recommendations Data Release: Coordinated efforts toward understanding a mortality event in wild passerines in the eastern United States: Responses, lessons learned and future recommendations

This data set describes post-mortem examination of avian species from a rapid response to a wildlife health event. We reported on the response to a 2021 mortality event in wild passerines in the eastern US. Early ground efforts by wildlife rehabilitators and veterinarians, with public participation, fueled rapid responses by government agencies including sample submission and evaluation
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National Wildlife Health Center

Indiana Amphibian Pathogen Surveillance data release Indiana Amphibian Pathogen Surveillance data release

Data in this dataset were collected as a part of a surveillance project for reintroduction of a state endangered species in Indiana. This data was collected in the field by state biologists and sent to the USGS National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) for testing of four amphibian pathogens, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bs), Ranavirus, and...
By
National Wildlife Health Center

Avian disease screening of translocated sage grouse captured in Montana, USA Avian disease screening of translocated sage grouse captured in Montana, USA

The purpose of this project is to determine the infectious status and exposure status of several diseases that have the potential to impact the health of greater sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) captured in Montana, USA to be translocated to Alberta, Canada. Specific disease status to be tested include, infection with avian influenza virus (AIV), infection with Avian Paramyxovirus...
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National Wildlife Health Center

Data Release for Replicate amphibian swab and standard dilution of artificial DNA data to assess qPCR and sampling detection error for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Data Release for Replicate amphibian swab and standard dilution of artificial DNA data to assess qPCR and sampling detection error for Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis.

We generated a data set from by collecting duplicate swabs from all amphibian individuals sampled at 5 sites (96 individuals) and analyzed these duplicate swabs running 3 subsamples of the extracted DNA in separate qPCR reactions. The resulting data set included 2 swabs per individual with 1 qPCR result and a 2nd swab with 3 qPCR results for detection of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis...
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National Wildlife Health Center
A scientist holds a petri dish under a light. Inside the dish are microorganisms taken from salamander skin.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist holds a petri dish under a light. Inside the dish are microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines microorganisms from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist holds a petri dish under a light. Inside the dish are microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines microorganisms from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist's hand reaches for a microbiological plate on a stack. Each has microorganisms taken from salamander skin.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist's hand reaches for a microbiological plate on a stack. Each has microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist reaches for a microbiological plate with cultures from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist's hand reaches for a microbiological plate on a stack. Each has microorganisms taken from salamander skin.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist reaches for a microbiological plate with cultures from salamander skin to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist prepares to analyze a skin swab from a salamander to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist prepares to analyze a skin swab from a salamander to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist in a lab holding a salamander skin sample under a light for investigation.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
A scientist in a lab holding a salamander skin sample under a light for investigation.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines a skin sample from a salamander as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
A scientist in a lab holding a salamander skin sample under a light for investigation.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines a skin sample from a salamander as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
USGS scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders
USGS scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines salamanders as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
USGS scientist holds a tube with a skin swab from a salamander.

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

Scientists investigate pathogens in salamanders

A USGS scientist examines salamanders as part of a study to investigate for potential pathogens.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center, Science for a Changing World
Dark colored newt on bright green vegetation.
Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin
Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin
Dark colored newt on bright green vegetation.

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Dark colored newt on bright green vegetation.

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin

Eastern newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) in Wisconsin.

By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center
Filter Total Items: 46

Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii Conducting feasibility assessments of potential conservation reintroductions: A case study with the imperiled foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii

Conservation translocations are an increasingly common and often necessary component of recovering species that have become extirpated from portions of their range. Understanding and ameliorating potential threats that reduce the likelihood of successful population establishment at recipient sites is a key component of successful translocation planning. We examined multiple potential...
Authors
Daniel Antonio Macias, Patrick M. Kleeman, Michelle L. Hladik, Kelly Smalling, Paul G. Johnson, Daniel A. Grear, Jonathan P. Rose, Brian J. Halstead
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, California Water Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center, New Jersey Water Science Center, Western Ecological Research Center (WERC)

Hosts, pathogens and hot ponds: Thermal mean and variability contribute to spatial patterns of chytrid infection Hosts, pathogens and hot ponds: Thermal mean and variability contribute to spatial patterns of chytrid infection

Temperature is a primary driver of heterogeneity in host–pathogen dynamics and understanding how patch-scale temperature affects landscape-scale patterns of pathogen infection is key to effective monitoring and management. In field studies, both temperature variability and mean temperature are often related to infection of ectothermic animals by fungal pathogens, and although these...
Authors
Brendan K Hobart, Daniel A. Grear, Megan Winzeler, Travis Mcdevitt-Galles, Timothy M Korpita, Erin L. Muths, Valerie J McKenzie
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Fort Collins Science Center, National Wildlife Health Center

Rapid risk assessment framework to estimate potential for spillback at human-wildlife interfaces Rapid risk assessment framework to estimate potential for spillback at human-wildlife interfaces

More than 60% of emerging infectious diseases of humans have a wildlife origin, and when these diseases spread through human populations to new geographical areas, there is a considerable risk of spillback from humans to wildlife species. Spillback events can have severe consequences for wildlife populations, where the disease may cause morbidity and mortality, and human populations...
Authors
Travis Mcdevitt-Galles, Tricia L. Fry, Katherine Richgels, Daniel A. Grear
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Independent and interactive effects of disease and methylmercury on demographic rates across multiple amphibian populations Independent and interactive effects of disease and methylmercury on demographic rates across multiple amphibian populations

Disease, alone or combined with other stressors such as habitat loss and contaminants, affects wildlife populations worldwide. However, interactions among stressors and how they affect demography and populations remain poorly understood. The amphibian chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis; Bd) is a sometimes-lethal pathogen linked with population declines and extirpations of...
Authors
Morgan P. Kain, Blake R. Hossack, Kelly Smalling, Brian J. Halstead, Daniel A. Grear, David A. Miller, Michael J. Adams, Adam R. Backlin, William Barichivich, Collin A. Eagles-Smith, Colleen Emery, Jillian Elizabeth Fleming, Robert N. Fisher, Elizabeth Gallegos, Duoa J. Lor, Patrick M. Kleeman, Erin L. Muths, Ty Pan, Christopher Pearl, Charles W. Robinson, Caitlin Teresa Rumrill, Brian J. Tornabene, J. Hardin Waddle, Susan Walls, Evan H. Campbell Grant
By
Eastern Ecological Science Center

Pan-amphibia distribution of the fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis varies with species and temperature Pan-amphibia distribution of the fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis varies with species and temperature

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is a globally distributed fungal pathogen of amphibians that has contributed to one of the largest disease-related biodiversity losses in wildlife. Bd is regularly viewed through the lens of a global wildlife epizootic because the spread of highly virulent genetic lineages has resulted in well-documented declines and extinctions of multiple amphibian...
Authors
Daniel A. Grear, Michael J. Adams, Adam R. Backlin, William Barichivich, Adrianne Brand, Gary M. Bucciarelli, Daniel L. Calhoun, Tara Chestnut, Jon D Davenport, Andrew E Dietrich, Graziella V. DiRenzo, Robert N. Fisher, Brad Glorioso, Evan H. Campbell Grant, Brian J. Halstead, Marc P Hayes, Blake R. Hossack, Morgan Kain, Patrick M. Kleeman, Jeffrey M. Lorch, Brome McCreary, David A.W. Miller, Brittany A. Mosher, Erin L. Muths, Christopher Pearl, Charles H. Robinson, Mark Roth, Jennifer Rowe, Walter Sadinski, Brent H. Sigafus, Iga Stasiak, Samuel Sweet, Hardin Waddle, Susan Walls, Gregory J Watkins-Colwell, Lori A Williams, Megan Winzeler
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

An enigmatic wild passerine mortality event in the eastern United States An enigmatic wild passerine mortality event in the eastern United States

The ability to rapidly respond to wildlife health events is essential. However, such events are often unpredictable, especially with anthropogenic disturbances and climate-related environmental changes driving unforeseen threats. Many events also are short-lived and go undocumented, making it difficult to draw on lessons learned from past investigations. We report on the response to a...
Authors
Sabrina S. Greening, Julie C. Ellis, Nicole L. Lewis, David B. Needle, Cristina M. Tato, Susan Knowles, Valerie I. Shearn-Bochsler, Jaimie L. Miller, Daniel A. Grear, Jeffrey M. Lorch, David S. Blehert, Caitlin Burrell, Lisa A. Murphy, Erica A. Miller, C. Brandon Ogbunugafor, Andrea J. Ayala, W. Kelley Thomas, Megan S. Kirchgessner, Christine Casey, Ethan P. Barton, Michael J. Yabsley, Eman Anis, Roderick B. Gagne, Patrice Klein, Cindy P. Driscoll, Chelsea Sykes, Robert H. Poppenga, Nicole M. Nemeth
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, National Wildlife Health Center

Non-USGS Publications**

Gorsich EE, Luis AD, Buhnerkempe MG, Grear DA, Portacci K, Miller RS, Webb CT. 2016. Mapping US cattle shipment networks: Spatial and temporal patterns of trade communities from 2009 to 2011. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 134, 82-91.
Lavelle MJ, Kay SL, Pepin KM, Grear DA, Campa H, VerCauteren K. 2016. Evaluating wildlife-cattle contact rates to improve the understanding of dynamics of bovine tuberculosis transmission in Michigan, USA. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 135, 28-36.
Scott A, B McCluskey, M Brown-Reid, DA Grear, P Pitcher, G Ramos, D Spencer. 2016. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus introduction into the United States: Root cause investigation. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 123, 192-201. doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2015.11.013
Glaser L, M Carstensen, S Shaw, S Robbe-Austerman, A Wunschmann, DA Grear, T Stuber, B Thomsen. 2016. Descpriptive epidemiology and whole genome sequencing analysis for an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in beef cattle and white-tailed deer in Northwestern Minnesota. PLoS ONE, e0145735.
McClure RSM, CL Burdett, ML Farnsworth, MW Lutman, DM Theobold, PD Riggs, DA Grear, RS Miller. 2015. Modeling and mapping the probability of occurrence of invasive wild pigs across the contiguous United States. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0133771. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133771
Pepin KM, CB Leach, C Marques-Toledo, KH Laass, KS Paixao, AD Luis, DTS Hayman, NG Johnson, MG Buhnerkempe, S Carver, DA Grear, K Tsao, AE Eiras, and CT Webb. 2015. Utility of mosquito surveillance data for spatial prioritization of vector control against dengue viruses in three Brazilian cities. Parasites and Vectors, 8, 98.
Tsao K, S Robbe-Austerman, RS Miller, K Portacci, DA Grear, and CT Webb. 2014. Sources of bovine tuberculosis in the United States. Infection, Genetics, and Evolution. 114, 201-212.
Luong LT, DA Grear, and PJ Hudson. 2014. Manipulation of host-resource dynamics impacts transmission of trophically transmitted parasites. International Journal for Parasitology, 44, 737-742.
Grear DA, J Kaneene, J Averill, and CT Webb. 2014. Local cattle movements in response to ongoing bovine TB zonation and regulations. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 114, 201-212.
Buhnerkempe MG, MJ Tildesley, T Lindström, DA Grear, RS Miller, K Portacci, M Keeling, U Wennergren, and CT Webb. 2014. The impact of movements and animal density on continental scale cattle disease outbreaks in the United States. PLoS one, e91724.
Grear DA, LT Luong, and PJ Hudson. 2013. Network transmission inference: host behavior and parasite life-cycle make social networks meaningful in disease ecology, Ecological Applications, 23, 1906-1914.
Buhnerkempe, MG, DA Grear, RS Miller, K Portacci, J Lombard, and CT Webb. 2013. A national-scale picture of U.S. cattle movements obtained from Interstate Certificates of Veterinary Inspection data. Prev. Vet. Med., 112, 318-329.
Lindström T, DA Grear, MG Buhnerkempe, CT Webb, RS Miller, K Portacci, and U Wennergren. 2013. Bayesian approach for modeling cattle movements in the United States: scaling up a partially observed network. PLoS ONE,8, e53432. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0053432
Grear DA, LT Luong, and PJ Hudson. 2012. Sex-biased transmission of a complex life-cycle parasite: why males matter. Oikos, 121, 1446-1453. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.20358.x
Blanchong, JA, DA Grear, BV Weckworth, DP Keane, KT Scribner, and MD Samuel. 2012. Effects of chronic wasting disease on reproduction and fawn harvest vulnerability in Wisconsin white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 48, 361-370.
Rogers K, S Robinson, MD Samuel, and DA Grear. 2011. Diversity and distribution of white-tailed deer mtDNA lineages in CWD outbreak areas in southern Wisconsin, USA. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, 74, 1521-1535. doi: 10.1080/15287394.2011.618980
Grear DA and PJ Hudson. 2011. The dynamics of macroparasite host-self-infection: a study of the patterns and processes of pinworm (Oxyuridae) aggregation. Parasitology, 138, 619-617. doi: 10.1017/S0031182011000096.
Grear DA, MD Samuel, K Scribner, BV Weckworth, and JA Langenberg. 2010. Influence of genetic relatedness and spatial proximity on CWD transmission among female white-tailed deer. Journal of Applied Ecology, 47, 532-540.
Luong, LT, SE Perkins, DA Grear, A Rizzoli, and PJ Hudson. 2010. The relative importance of host characteristics and co-infection in generating variation in Heligmosomoides polygyrus fecundity. Parasitology, 137, 1003-1012.
Grear DA, SE Perkins, and PJ Hudson. 2009. Does elevated testosterone result in increased exposure and transmission of parasites? Ecology Letters, 12, 528-537.
Luong, LT, DA Grear, and PJ Hudson. 2009. Male hosts are responsible for the transmission of a trophically transmitted parasite, Pterygodermatites peromysci to the intermediate host in the absence of sex-biased infection. International Journal for Parasitology, 39, 1263-1268.
Grear DA, MD Samuel, JA Langenberg, and D Keane. 2006. Demographic patterns and harvest vulnerability of chronic wasting disease infected white-tailed deer in Wisconsin. Journal of Wildlife Management, 70, 546-553.

**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.

Pan-Amphibia Bd distribution: software release Pan-Amphibia Bd distribution: software release

This software release contains the code necessary to reconstruct analyses, tables, and figures presented in "Pan-Amphibia distribution of the fungal parasite Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis varies with species and temperature." These analyses compile temperature and precipitation data with Bd data for a cross-sectional amphibian swabbing survey performed 2014-2017, perform spatial data...
By
National Wildlife Health Center
Preventive actions in response to the Bsal threat reduced Bsal risk in the U.S.

Preventive actions in response to the Bsal threat reduced Bsal risk in the U.S.

Import regulations and a large surveillance effort have reduced the risk of Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal) introduction to the United States...

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A Unified Research Strategy for Disease Management

A Unified Research Strategy for Disease Management

As wildlife diseases increase globally, an understanding of host-pathogen relationships can elucidate avenues for management and improve conservation...

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*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government

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