Helen Sofaer, PhD
Helen Sofaer is a Research Ecologist at the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center in Hawai‘i.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 25
Data to create and evaluate distribution models for invasive species for different geographic extents Data to create and evaluate distribution models for invasive species for different geographic extents
We developed habitat suitability models for invasive plant species selected by Department of Interior land management agencies. We applied the modeling workflow developed in Young et al. 2020 to species not included in the original case studies. Our methodology balanced trade-offs between developing highly customized models for a few species versus fitting non-specific and generic models...
High-throughput calculations of climatch scores High-throughput calculations of climatch scores
Matching climate envelopes allows people to examine how potential invasive species may match habitats. This repository contains code for using the climatchR package for high-throughput calculations of climatch scores for species using GBIF data. Climatch is based upon the climatch algorithm as implemented through the climatchR package.
Great Basin predicted potential cheatgrass abundance, with model estimation and validation data from 2011-2019 Great Basin predicted potential cheatgrass abundance, with model estimation and validation data from 2011-2019
This data release includes data and metadata describing 1) the rule set used to create vegetation type categories for the Great Basin; 2) estimation and validation data used to fit models of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover; and 3) mapped predictions of potential cheatgrass abundance.
Presence and abundance data and models for four invasive plant species Presence and abundance data and models for four invasive plant species
We developed habitat suitability models for four invasive plant species of concern to Department of Interior land management agencies. We generally followed the modeling workflow developed in Young et al. 2020, but developed models both for two data types, where species were present and where they were abundant. We developed models using five algorithms with VisTrails: Software for...
climatchR: An implementation of Climatch in R climatchR: An implementation of Climatch in R
Matching climate envelopes of allows people to examine how potential invasive species may match habitats. The Australian government created Climatch to do allow for these comparisons. However, this webpage does not allow for readily scripting climate matching. Hence, the authors created climatchR, an R package (R Core Team 2020) implementing the climatch method in R. This was created to...
Co-occurrence and Occupancy Dynamics of Mourning Doves and Eurasian Collared-Doves Co-occurrence and Occupancy Dynamics of Mourning Doves and Eurasian Collared-Doves
Data on mourning dove and Eurasian collared-dove occurrences, and associated covariates.
Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016 Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016
Data were collected on the abundance of plants in a 10-year weeding experiment of garlic mustard, located at Trillium Trails Park in Pennsylvania. Garlic mustard was weeded annually to suppress its abundance, and the impacts of garlic mustard were measured based on the response of the plant community to garlic mustard weeding. Because garlic mustard is known to suppress mycorrhizal fungi...
Non-native and synanthropic bird data derived from 2010-2012 Breeding Bird Survey and associated landscape metrics from 2011 NLCD Non-native and synanthropic bird data derived from 2010-2012 Breeding Bird Survey and associated landscape metrics from 2011 NLCD
Locations of and proportional abundance of non-native and synanthropic passerines were extracted from Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data from 2010-2012. Information characterizing the spatial variation and the associated amount, aggregation, and diversity of developed and agricultural land cover types was extracted from the National Land Cover Datasets of 2011. Data supported analyses in...
Abundance of wetland-dependent birds at Breeding Bird Survey routes and associated land cover and climate information Abundance of wetland-dependent birds at Breeding Bird Survey routes and associated land cover and climate information
Estimation and validation data for site by species matrices used in the publication 'Clustering and ensembling approaches to support surrogate-based species management' by H.R. Sofaer et al. 2019 Diversity and Distributions
Measurements of plant abundance with reference to dominant plants in Illinois wetlands Measurements of plant abundance with reference to dominant plants in Illinois wetlands
Data were collected on plant abundance in Illinois with the goal of determining correlations between the abundance of dominant plant taxa and other plant species.
Breeding Bird Survey songbird occurrences during 1977-1979 and 2012-2014 in conterminous U.S. Breeding Bird Survey songbird occurrences during 1977-1979 and 2012-2014 in conterminous U.S.
Data used in: "Misleading prioritizations from modeling range shifts under climate change" by H.R. Sofaer, C.S. Jarnevich, and C.H. Flather. Breeding Bird Survey data (version 2014.0) for songbirds were summarized over historical (1977-1979) and recent (2012-2014) time periods at routes in the conterminous U.S. Avian occurrence data were combined with information on climate and land...
Data associated with Sofaer and Jarnevich 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants' Data associated with Sofaer and Jarnevich 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants'
These data were analyzed for the publication 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants': Aim: Exotic species distributions reflect patterns of human-mediated dispersal, species climatic tolerances, and a suite of other biotic and abiotic factors. The relative importance of each of these factors will...
Filter Total Items: 43
Environmental and geographical factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Hawai‘i Environmental and geographical factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Hawai‘i
Hawaiian honeycreepers, a group of endemic Hawaiian forest birds, are being threatened by avian malaria, a non-native disease that is driving honeycreepers populations to extinction. Avian malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is transmitted by the invasive mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Environmental and geographical factors play an important role in shaping...
Authors
Oswaldo Villena, Katherine McClure, Richard Camp, Dennis Lapointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Helen Sofaer, Lucas Fortini
The use of semiochemicals for attracting and repelling invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha) forests The use of semiochemicals for attracting and repelling invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha) forests
Early detection of invasive species is critical for preventing ecological and economic damage and maintaining ecosystem health. In Hawaiʻi, a complex of generalist ambrosia beetle species in the tribe Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) are threatening the health and productivity of forests and crops due to their association with tree diseases such as rapid ʻōhiʻa death (ROD) and key...
Authors
Kylle Roy, Helen Sofaer, Robert W. Peck, Ellen Dunkle, Dan Mikros, Sheri Smith, Matthew Ginzel
Macroscale analyses suggest invasive plant impacts depend more on the composition of invading plants than on environmental context Macroscale analyses suggest invasive plant impacts depend more on the composition of invading plants than on environmental context
Aim Native biodiversity is threatened by the spread of non-native invasive species. Many studies demonstrate that invasions reduce local biodiversity but we lack an understanding of how impacts vary across environments at the macroscale. Using ~11,500 vegetation surveys from ecosystems across the United States, we quantified how the relationship between non-native plant cover and native...
Authors
Evelyn Beaury, Helen Sofaer, Regan Early, Ian Pearse, Dana Blumenthal, Jeffrey Corbin, Jeffrey Diez, Jeffrey Dukes, David Barnett, Ines Ibanez, Laís Petri, Montserrat Vilà, Bethany A. Bradley
Invasion-mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities Invasion-mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities
The impact of a biological invasion on native communities is expected to be uneven across invaded landscapes due to differences in local abiotic conditions, invader abundance, and traits and composition of the native community. One way to improve predictive ability about the impact of an invasive species given variable conditions is to exploit known mechanisms driving invasive species'...
Authors
Morgan Roche, Ian Pearse, Helen Sofaer, Stephanie Kivlin, Greg Spyreas, David Zaya, Susan Kalisz
Land cover differentially affects abundance of common and rare birds Land cover differentially affects abundance of common and rare birds
While rare species are vulnerable to global change, large declines in common species (i.e., those with large population sizes, large geographic distributions, and/or that are habitat generalists) also are of conservation concern. Understanding if and how commonness mediates species' responses to global change, including land cover change, can help guide conservation strategies. We...
Authors
Kristin P. Davis, Paul Banko, Liba Pejchar
Invaders at the doorstep: Using species distribution modeling to enhance invasive plant watch lists Invaders at the doorstep: Using species distribution modeling to enhance invasive plant watch lists
Watch lists of invasive species that threaten a particular land management unit are useful tools because they can draw attention to invasive species at the very early stages of invasion when early detection and rapid response efforts are often most successful. However, watch lists typically rely on the subjective selection of invasive species by experts or on the use of spotty occurrence...
Authors
Catherine Jarnevich, Peder Engelstad, Jillian LaRoe, Brandon Hays, Terri Hogan, Jeremy Jirak, Ian Pearse, Janet Prevey, Jennifer Sieraki, Annie Simpson, Jess Wenick, Nicholas Young, Helen Sofaer
SPCIS: Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status database SPCIS: Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status database
The movement of plant species across the globe exposes native communities to new species introductions. While introductions are pervasive, two aspects of variability underlie patterns and processes of biological invasions at macroecological scales. First, only a portion of introduced species become invaders capable of substantially impacting ecosystems. Second, species that do become...
Authors
Lais Petri, Evelyn Beaury, Jeff Corbin, Kristen Peach, Helen Sofaer, Ian Pearse, Reagan Early, Dave Barnett, Inés Ibáñez, Robert Peet, Michael Schafale, Thomas Wentworth, James Vanderhorst, David Zaya, Greg Spyreas, Bethany A. Bradley
Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species
Aim: Species distribution models can guide invasive species prevention and management by characterizing invasion risk across space. However, extrapolation and transferability issues pose challenges for developing useful models for invasive species. Previous work has emphasized the importance of including all available occurrences in model estimation, but managers attuned to local...
Authors
Catherine Jarnevich, Helen Sofaer, Peder Engelstad, Pairsa Belamaric
Climate matching with the climatchR R package Climate matching with the climatchR R package
Climate matching allows comparisons of climatic conditions between different locations to understand location and species range climatic suitability. The approach may be used as part of horizon scanning exercises such as those conducted for invasive species. We implemented the CLIMATCH algorithm into an R package, climatchR. The package allows automated and scripted climate matching...
Authors
Richard Erickson, Peder Engelstad, Catherine Jarnevich, Helen Sofaer, Wesley M. Daniel
Potential cheatgrass abundance within lightly invaded areas of the Great Basin Potential cheatgrass abundance within lightly invaded areas of the Great Basin
Context Anticipating where an invasive species could become abundant can help guide prevention and control efforts aimed at reducing invasion impacts. Information on potential abundance can be combined with information on the current status of an invasion to guide management towards currently uninvaded locations where the threat of invasion is high. Objectives We aimed to support...
Authors
Helen Sofaer, Catherine Jarnevich, Erin Buchholtz, Brian Cade, John Abatzoglou, Cameron Aldridge, Patrick Comer, Daniel Manier, Lauren Parker, Julie A. Heinrichs
INHABIT: A web-based decision support tool for invasive plant species habitat visualization and assessment across the contiguous United States INHABIT: A web-based decision support tool for invasive plant species habitat visualization and assessment across the contiguous United States
Narrowing the communication and knowledge gap between producers and users of scientific data is a longstanding problem in ecological conservation and land management. Decision support tools (DSTs), including websites or interactive web applications, provide platforms that can help bridge this gap. DSTs can most effectively disseminate and translate research results when producers and...
Authors
Peder Engelstad, Catherine Jarnevich, Terri Hogan, Helen Sofaer, Ian Pearse, Jennifer Sieracki, Neil Frakes, Julia Sullivan, Nicholas Young, Janet Prevey, Pairsa Belamaric, Jillian Laroe
Management foundations for navigating ecological transformation by resisting, accepting, or directing social-ecological change Management foundations for navigating ecological transformation by resisting, accepting, or directing social-ecological change
Despite striking global change, management to ensure healthy landscapes and sustained natural resources has tended to set objectives on the basis of the historical range of variability in stationary ecosystems. Many social–ecological systems are moving into novel conditions that can result in ecological transformation. We present four foundations to enable a transition to future-oriented
Authors
Dawn Magness, Linh Hoang, Travis Belote, Jean Brennan, Wylie Carr, F. Chapin, Katherine Clifford, Wendy Morrison, John Morton, Helen Sofaer
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 25
Data to create and evaluate distribution models for invasive species for different geographic extents Data to create and evaluate distribution models for invasive species for different geographic extents
We developed habitat suitability models for invasive plant species selected by Department of Interior land management agencies. We applied the modeling workflow developed in Young et al. 2020 to species not included in the original case studies. Our methodology balanced trade-offs between developing highly customized models for a few species versus fitting non-specific and generic models...
High-throughput calculations of climatch scores High-throughput calculations of climatch scores
Matching climate envelopes allows people to examine how potential invasive species may match habitats. This repository contains code for using the climatchR package for high-throughput calculations of climatch scores for species using GBIF data. Climatch is based upon the climatch algorithm as implemented through the climatchR package.
Great Basin predicted potential cheatgrass abundance, with model estimation and validation data from 2011-2019 Great Basin predicted potential cheatgrass abundance, with model estimation and validation data from 2011-2019
This data release includes data and metadata describing 1) the rule set used to create vegetation type categories for the Great Basin; 2) estimation and validation data used to fit models of cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum) cover; and 3) mapped predictions of potential cheatgrass abundance.
Presence and abundance data and models for four invasive plant species Presence and abundance data and models for four invasive plant species
We developed habitat suitability models for four invasive plant species of concern to Department of Interior land management agencies. We generally followed the modeling workflow developed in Young et al. 2020, but developed models both for two data types, where species were present and where they were abundant. We developed models using five algorithms with VisTrails: Software for...
climatchR: An implementation of Climatch in R climatchR: An implementation of Climatch in R
Matching climate envelopes of allows people to examine how potential invasive species may match habitats. The Australian government created Climatch to do allow for these comparisons. However, this webpage does not allow for readily scripting climate matching. Hence, the authors created climatchR, an R package (R Core Team 2020) implementing the climatch method in R. This was created to...
Co-occurrence and Occupancy Dynamics of Mourning Doves and Eurasian Collared-Doves Co-occurrence and Occupancy Dynamics of Mourning Doves and Eurasian Collared-Doves
Data on mourning dove and Eurasian collared-dove occurrences, and associated covariates.
Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016 Data on the impacts of garlic mustard from a weeding experiment in Pennsylvania 2006-2016
Data were collected on the abundance of plants in a 10-year weeding experiment of garlic mustard, located at Trillium Trails Park in Pennsylvania. Garlic mustard was weeded annually to suppress its abundance, and the impacts of garlic mustard were measured based on the response of the plant community to garlic mustard weeding. Because garlic mustard is known to suppress mycorrhizal fungi...
Non-native and synanthropic bird data derived from 2010-2012 Breeding Bird Survey and associated landscape metrics from 2011 NLCD Non-native and synanthropic bird data derived from 2010-2012 Breeding Bird Survey and associated landscape metrics from 2011 NLCD
Locations of and proportional abundance of non-native and synanthropic passerines were extracted from Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data from 2010-2012. Information characterizing the spatial variation and the associated amount, aggregation, and diversity of developed and agricultural land cover types was extracted from the National Land Cover Datasets of 2011. Data supported analyses in...
Abundance of wetland-dependent birds at Breeding Bird Survey routes and associated land cover and climate information Abundance of wetland-dependent birds at Breeding Bird Survey routes and associated land cover and climate information
Estimation and validation data for site by species matrices used in the publication 'Clustering and ensembling approaches to support surrogate-based species management' by H.R. Sofaer et al. 2019 Diversity and Distributions
Measurements of plant abundance with reference to dominant plants in Illinois wetlands Measurements of plant abundance with reference to dominant plants in Illinois wetlands
Data were collected on plant abundance in Illinois with the goal of determining correlations between the abundance of dominant plant taxa and other plant species.
Breeding Bird Survey songbird occurrences during 1977-1979 and 2012-2014 in conterminous U.S. Breeding Bird Survey songbird occurrences during 1977-1979 and 2012-2014 in conterminous U.S.
Data used in: "Misleading prioritizations from modeling range shifts under climate change" by H.R. Sofaer, C.S. Jarnevich, and C.H. Flather. Breeding Bird Survey data (version 2014.0) for songbirds were summarized over historical (1977-1979) and recent (2012-2014) time periods at routes in the conterminous U.S. Avian occurrence data were combined with information on climate and land...
Data associated with Sofaer and Jarnevich 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants' Data associated with Sofaer and Jarnevich 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants'
These data were analyzed for the publication 'Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants': Aim: Exotic species distributions reflect patterns of human-mediated dispersal, species climatic tolerances, and a suite of other biotic and abiotic factors. The relative importance of each of these factors will...
Filter Total Items: 43
Environmental and geographical factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Hawai‘i Environmental and geographical factors influence the occurrence and abundance of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, in Hawai‘i
Hawaiian honeycreepers, a group of endemic Hawaiian forest birds, are being threatened by avian malaria, a non-native disease that is driving honeycreepers populations to extinction. Avian malaria is caused by the parasite Plasmodium relictum, which is transmitted by the invasive mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus. Environmental and geographical factors play an important role in shaping...
Authors
Oswaldo Villena, Katherine McClure, Richard Camp, Dennis Lapointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Helen Sofaer, Lucas Fortini
The use of semiochemicals for attracting and repelling invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha) forests The use of semiochemicals for attracting and repelling invasive ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in ʻōhiʻa (Metrosideros polymorpha) forests
Early detection of invasive species is critical for preventing ecological and economic damage and maintaining ecosystem health. In Hawaiʻi, a complex of generalist ambrosia beetle species in the tribe Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) are threatening the health and productivity of forests and crops due to their association with tree diseases such as rapid ʻōhiʻa death (ROD) and key...
Authors
Kylle Roy, Helen Sofaer, Robert W. Peck, Ellen Dunkle, Dan Mikros, Sheri Smith, Matthew Ginzel
Macroscale analyses suggest invasive plant impacts depend more on the composition of invading plants than on environmental context Macroscale analyses suggest invasive plant impacts depend more on the composition of invading plants than on environmental context
Aim Native biodiversity is threatened by the spread of non-native invasive species. Many studies demonstrate that invasions reduce local biodiversity but we lack an understanding of how impacts vary across environments at the macroscale. Using ~11,500 vegetation surveys from ecosystems across the United States, we quantified how the relationship between non-native plant cover and native...
Authors
Evelyn Beaury, Helen Sofaer, Regan Early, Ian Pearse, Dana Blumenthal, Jeffrey Corbin, Jeffrey Diez, Jeffrey Dukes, David Barnett, Ines Ibanez, Laís Petri, Montserrat Vilà, Bethany A. Bradley
Invasion-mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities Invasion-mediated mutualism disruption is evident across heterogeneous environmental conditions and varying invasion intensities
The impact of a biological invasion on native communities is expected to be uneven across invaded landscapes due to differences in local abiotic conditions, invader abundance, and traits and composition of the native community. One way to improve predictive ability about the impact of an invasive species given variable conditions is to exploit known mechanisms driving invasive species'...
Authors
Morgan Roche, Ian Pearse, Helen Sofaer, Stephanie Kivlin, Greg Spyreas, David Zaya, Susan Kalisz
Land cover differentially affects abundance of common and rare birds Land cover differentially affects abundance of common and rare birds
While rare species are vulnerable to global change, large declines in common species (i.e., those with large population sizes, large geographic distributions, and/or that are habitat generalists) also are of conservation concern. Understanding if and how commonness mediates species' responses to global change, including land cover change, can help guide conservation strategies. We...
Authors
Kristin P. Davis, Paul Banko, Liba Pejchar
Invaders at the doorstep: Using species distribution modeling to enhance invasive plant watch lists Invaders at the doorstep: Using species distribution modeling to enhance invasive plant watch lists
Watch lists of invasive species that threaten a particular land management unit are useful tools because they can draw attention to invasive species at the very early stages of invasion when early detection and rapid response efforts are often most successful. However, watch lists typically rely on the subjective selection of invasive species by experts or on the use of spotty occurrence...
Authors
Catherine Jarnevich, Peder Engelstad, Jillian LaRoe, Brandon Hays, Terri Hogan, Jeremy Jirak, Ian Pearse, Janet Prevey, Jennifer Sieraki, Annie Simpson, Jess Wenick, Nicholas Young, Helen Sofaer
SPCIS: Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status database SPCIS: Standardized Plant Community with Introduced Status database
The movement of plant species across the globe exposes native communities to new species introductions. While introductions are pervasive, two aspects of variability underlie patterns and processes of biological invasions at macroecological scales. First, only a portion of introduced species become invaders capable of substantially impacting ecosystems. Second, species that do become...
Authors
Lais Petri, Evelyn Beaury, Jeff Corbin, Kristen Peach, Helen Sofaer, Ian Pearse, Reagan Early, Dave Barnett, Inés Ibáñez, Robert Peet, Michael Schafale, Thomas Wentworth, James Vanderhorst, David Zaya, Greg Spyreas, Bethany A. Bradley
Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species Regional models do not outperform continental models for invasive species
Aim: Species distribution models can guide invasive species prevention and management by characterizing invasion risk across space. However, extrapolation and transferability issues pose challenges for developing useful models for invasive species. Previous work has emphasized the importance of including all available occurrences in model estimation, but managers attuned to local...
Authors
Catherine Jarnevich, Helen Sofaer, Peder Engelstad, Pairsa Belamaric
Climate matching with the climatchR R package Climate matching with the climatchR R package
Climate matching allows comparisons of climatic conditions between different locations to understand location and species range climatic suitability. The approach may be used as part of horizon scanning exercises such as those conducted for invasive species. We implemented the CLIMATCH algorithm into an R package, climatchR. The package allows automated and scripted climate matching...
Authors
Richard Erickson, Peder Engelstad, Catherine Jarnevich, Helen Sofaer, Wesley M. Daniel
Potential cheatgrass abundance within lightly invaded areas of the Great Basin Potential cheatgrass abundance within lightly invaded areas of the Great Basin
Context Anticipating where an invasive species could become abundant can help guide prevention and control efforts aimed at reducing invasion impacts. Information on potential abundance can be combined with information on the current status of an invasion to guide management towards currently uninvaded locations where the threat of invasion is high. Objectives We aimed to support...
Authors
Helen Sofaer, Catherine Jarnevich, Erin Buchholtz, Brian Cade, John Abatzoglou, Cameron Aldridge, Patrick Comer, Daniel Manier, Lauren Parker, Julie A. Heinrichs
INHABIT: A web-based decision support tool for invasive plant species habitat visualization and assessment across the contiguous United States INHABIT: A web-based decision support tool for invasive plant species habitat visualization and assessment across the contiguous United States
Narrowing the communication and knowledge gap between producers and users of scientific data is a longstanding problem in ecological conservation and land management. Decision support tools (DSTs), including websites or interactive web applications, provide platforms that can help bridge this gap. DSTs can most effectively disseminate and translate research results when producers and...
Authors
Peder Engelstad, Catherine Jarnevich, Terri Hogan, Helen Sofaer, Ian Pearse, Jennifer Sieracki, Neil Frakes, Julia Sullivan, Nicholas Young, Janet Prevey, Pairsa Belamaric, Jillian Laroe
Management foundations for navigating ecological transformation by resisting, accepting, or directing social-ecological change Management foundations for navigating ecological transformation by resisting, accepting, or directing social-ecological change
Despite striking global change, management to ensure healthy landscapes and sustained natural resources has tended to set objectives on the basis of the historical range of variability in stationary ecosystems. Many social–ecological systems are moving into novel conditions that can result in ecological transformation. We present four foundations to enable a transition to future-oriented
Authors
Dawn Magness, Linh Hoang, Travis Belote, Jean Brennan, Wylie Carr, F. Chapin, Katherine Clifford, Wendy Morrison, John Morton, Helen Sofaer