Ingrid A Johanson
Science and Products
Monitoring network changes during the 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption
In the summer of 2018, Kīlauea Volcano underwent one of its most significant eruptions in the past few hundred years. The volcano’s summit and East Rift Zone magma system partially drained, resulting in a series of occasionally explosive partial caldera collapses, and widespread lava flows in the lower East Rift Zone. The Hawaiian Volcano...
Shiro, Brian; Zoeller, Michael H.; Kamibayashi, Kevan; Johanson, Ingrid; Parcheta, Carolyn; Patrick, Matthew R.; Nadeau, Patricia; Lee, R. Lopaka; Miklius, Asta The cascading origin of the 2018 Kīlauea eruption and implications for future forecasting
The 2018 summit and flank eruption of Kīlauea Volcano was one of the largest volcanic events in Hawaiʻi in 200 years. Data suggest that a backup in the magma plumbing system at the long-lived Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption site caused widespread pressurization in the volcano, driving magma into the lower flank. The eruption evolved, and its impact expanded,...
Patrick, Matthew R.; Houghton, Bruce F.; Anderson, Kyle R.; Poland, Michael P.; Montgomery-Brown, Emily; Johanson, Ingrid; Thelen, Weston; Elias, Tamar Very‐long‐period (VLP) seismic artifacts during the 2018 caldera collapse at Kīlauea, Hawaii
Throughout the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano (Hawai‘i), episodic collapses of a portion of the volcano’s summit caldera produced repeated Mw">Mw 4.9–5.3 earthquakes. Each of these 62 events was characterized by a very‐long‐period (VLP) seismic signal (>40  s">>40 s). Although collapses in the...
Flinders, Ashton; Johanson, Ingrid; Dawson, Phillip B.; Anderson, Kyle R.; Haney, Matthew M.; Shiro, Brian Caldera collapse geometry revealed by near‐field GPS displacements at Kilauea Volcano in 2018
We employ near‐field GPS data to determine the subsurface geometry of a collapsing caldera during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption. Collapse occurred in 62 discrete events, with “inflationary” deformation external to the collapse, similar to previous basaltic collapses. We take advantage of GPS data from the collapsing block and independent constraints...
Segall, Paul; Anderson, Kyle R.; Pulvirenti, Fabio; Wang, Taiyi; Johanson, Ingrid The historic events at Kilauea Volcano in 2018: Summit collapse, rift zone eruption, and Mw 6.9 earthquake: Preface to the special issue
Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, has had a prominent role in the science of volcanology, and a long history of generating new insights into how volcanoes operate (Tilling et al. 2014; Garcia 2015). Native Hawaiians shared ideas on the behavior of the volcano with early Western visitors to Kīlauea, addressing the basic geometry of magma...
Patrick, Matthew R.; Johanson, Ingrid; Shea, Thomas; Waite, Greg Seismic velocity variations associated with the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea (Hawai‘i) marked a dramatic change in the volcano’s 35-year-long rift zone eruption. The collapse of the middle East Rift Zone vent Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō was followed by one of the volcano’s most voluminous eruptions in 500 years. Over the course of this 3-month eruption, the draining of summit-stored magma...
Flinders, Ashton; Caudron, Corentin; Johanson, Ingrid; Taira, Taka'aki; Shiro, Brian; Haney, Matthew M. Seismic and geodetic progression of the 2018 summit caldera collapse of Kīlauea Volcano
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi, resulted in a major collapse of the summit caldera along with an effusive eruption in the lower East Rift Zone. The caldera collapse comprised 62 highly similar collapse cycles of strong ground deformation and earthquake swarms that ended with a magnitude 5 collapse event and one partial cycle that...
Tepp, Gabrielle; Hotovec-Ellis, Alicia J.; Shiro, Brian; Johanson, Ingrid; Thelen, Weston; Haney, Matthew M. Six-axis ground motion measurements of caldera collapse at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi - More data, more puzzles?
Near‐field recordings of large earthquakes and volcano‐induced events using traditional seismological instrumentation often suffer from unaccounted effects of local tilt and saturation of signals. Recent hardware advances have led to the development of the blueSeis‐3A, a very broadband, highly sensitive rotational motion sensor. We installed this...
Wassermann, Joachim; Bernauer, Felix; Shiro, Brian; Johanson, Ingrid; Guattari, Frederic; Igel, Heiner Post-collapse gravity increase at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi
We conducted gravity surveys of the summit area of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaiʻi, in November 2018 and March 2019, with the goal of determining whether there was any mass change at depth following the volcano's May–August 2018 caldera collapse. Surface deformation between the two surveys was minimal, but we measured a gravity increase (maximum 44 μGal...
Poland, Michael P.; de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, Elske; Bagnardi, Marco; Johanson, Ingrid Magma reservoir failure and the onset of caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano in 2018
Caldera-forming eruptions are among Earths most hazardous natural phenomena, yet the architecture of subcaldera magma reservoirs and the conditions that trigger collapse are poorly understood. Observations from the formation of a 0.8cubic kilometer basaltic caldera at Klauea Volcano in 2018 included the draining of an active lava lake, which...
Anderson, Kyle R.; Johanson, Ingrid; Patrick, Matthew R.; Gu, Mengyang; Segall, Paul; Poland, Michael P.; Montgomery-Brown, Emily; Miklius, Asta Mechanics of inflationary deformation during Caldera collapse: Evidence from the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption
During the 2018 Kilauea eruption the caldera ffloor dropped 500 meters in 62 nearly periodic events of up to 8 meters. Caldera collapse maintains pressure in the magma reservoir necessary to sustain high-rate eruptions. The 2018 collapses were accompanied by inflationary tilts and displacements, similar to observations at other basaltic calderas....
Paul Segall; Anderson, Kyle R.; Johanson, Ingrid; Miklius, Asta Interseismic quiescence and triggered slip of active normal faults of Kīlauea Volcano’s south flank during 2001-2018
The mobile south flank of Kīlauea Volcano hosts two normal fault systems, the Koa'e fault system (KFS) and the Hilina fault system (HFS). In historical time, at least three M>6.5 earthquakes have occurred on the basal detachment of the Kīlauea Volcano's south flank, with the most recent being the 4 May 2018 M6.9 earthquake. Here we analyze...
Wang, Kang; MacArthur, Hayden; Johanson, Ingrid; Montgomery-Brown, Emily; Poland, Michael P.; Cannon, Eric; d'Alessio, Matthew; Bürgmann, Roland
Photo and Video Chronology - Kīlauea - September 23, 2020
Views of Kīlauea's growing summit water lake; Sulphur Banks and Steam Vents; gravity survey at Kīlauea summit
Volcano Watch — Underneath Kīlauea’s new landscape, the magma plumbing keeps working
Last week, Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park was able to open the Kīlauea Overlook to the public for the first time since the lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse in 2018. The viewing location offers a new perspective on the breathtaking summit collapse structures and the major changes those collapses had on Kīlauea’s landscape.
Volcano Watch — People and jobs at HVO, Part 1: What on earth is a geodesist?
The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) is responsible for monitoring active volcanoes in Hawaii, which involves assessing hazards and communicating with interagency partners and the public. Our mission also includes advancing our knowledge of volcanic processes through scientific research.
Volcano Watch — New research sheds light on relationship between Hilina fault system and large earthquakes
The pali (cliffs) of Kīlauea's south flank are some of the volcano's most striking features. Reaching up to 500 m (1500 ft) high, they stand out against the otherwise gentle slopes of Hawai‘i's most active shield...
Volcano Watch — Tiltmeters measure tiny changes that can have big consequences
The USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) uses a diverse set of instruments to monitor active volcanoes in Hawaii. These include seismometers, gas sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) stations, and webcams. Each provides a unique type of data critical to understanding volcanic systems.
Volcano Watch — Slow slip event on Kīlauea Volcano’s south flank is expected this year
Today's Volcano Watch begins with a question: Can you guess when the next slow slip event will happen on Kīlauea Volcano's South Flank? As a hint, the last one was in October 2015, and before then, events occurred in May 2012, February 2010, and June 2007. If this seems like a pattern, you're right.
Volcano Watch — Volcano Watch archive is a treasure trove of volcano information
With over 1,000 articles on almost every volcano topic imaginable, the Volcano Watch archive is a treasure trove of information on Hawaiian volcanoes.
Volcano Watch — Recent collapses at the Kamokuna ocean entry underscore on-going hazard
On December 31, 2016, almost the entire 23 acre lava delta and 4 acres of the older sea cliff slid into the ocean piece by piece over the course of the afternoon and into the evening.
Volcano Watch — New techniques cement GPS as a critical tool for volcano monitoring
GPS is one of the primary tools we use to monitor ground motion and detect what's happening inside and around Hawaiian volcanoes.
Volcano Watch — Recent earthquake highlights one of Hawai‘i's most hazardous faults
On Friday, February 12, at 9:23 a.m., HST, a magnitude-4.1 earthquake occurred beneath Kīlauea Volcano's south flank.