Kelly Smalling
I am interested in the exposure and effects of contaminants including current-use pesticides and other endocrine active compounds on fish and wildlife with a focus on amphibian populations.
I am an environmental organic chemist who has been working with the USGS since 2004. My current research focuses on the occurrence, fate and effects of emerging contaminants including current-use pesticides in the environment. I am the lead for the Amphibian Research and Monitoring Initiative's Contaminants Project, the project coordinator of the "EDC effects on fish and wildlife in the Cheseapeake Bay Watershed" project through the Contaminants Biology Program, and a member of the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program's Pesticide Fate Research Team.
Education and Certifications
BS in Chemistry from the University of Alabama in Huntsville in 1999
MSPH in Environmental Health Science from the University of South Carolina in 2003
Science and Products
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Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response
Amphibians are declining throughout the United States and worldwide due, partly, to habitat loss. Conservation practices on the landscape restore wetlands to denitrify tile drainage effluent and restore ecosystem services. Understanding how water quality, hydroperiod, predation, and disease affect amphibians in restored wetlands is central to maintaining healthy amphibian populations in...
Authors
Rebecca Reeves, Clay Pierce, Kelly L. Smalling, Robert Klaver, Mark Vandever, William Battaglin, Erin Muths
Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New
This report describes the methods and data associated with a reconnaissance study of young of year bluefish and mussel tissue samples as well as bed sediment collected as bluefish habitat indicators during August 2013–April 2014 in New Jersey and New York following Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. This study was funded by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2) and was...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Ashok Deshpande, Vicki Blazer, Heather Galbraith, Bruce Dockum, Kristin M. Romanok, Kaitlyn Colella, Anna Deetz, Irene J. Fisher, Thomas Imbrigiotta, Beth Sharack, Lisa Summer, DeMond Timmons, John Trainor, Daniel Wieczorek, Jennifer Samson, Timothy Reilly, Michael Focazio
Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013 Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013
This report describes a reconnaissance study of estuarine bed-sediment quality conducted June–October 2013 in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 to assess the extent of contamination and the potential long-term human and ecological impacts of the storm. The study, funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2), was conducted by the U.S
Authors
Jeffrey M. Fischer, Patrick J. Phillips, Timothy Reilly, Michael Focazio, Keith Loftin, William Benzel, Daniel Jones, Kelly L. Smalling, Shawn Fisher, Irene J. Fisher, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Kristin M. Romanok, Darkus Jenkins, Luke Bowers, Adam Boehlke, William T. Foreman, Anna C. Deetz, Lisa Carper, Thomas E. Imbrigiotta, Justin Birdwell
Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in alandscape dominated by agriculture Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in alandscape dominated by agriculture
Habitat loss and exposure to pesticides are likely primary factors contributing to amphibian decline in agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts have attempted to restore wetlands lost through landscape modifications to reduce contaminant loads in surface waters and providing quality habitat to wildlife. The benefits of this increased wetland area, perhaps especially for amphibians...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Rebecca Reeves, Erin Muths, Mark Vandever, William Battaglin, Michelle Hladik, Clay Pierce
Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater and sediments and mineralogy of sediments and grain coatings underlying the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, 2007 Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater and sediments and mineralogy of sediments and grain coatings underlying the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, 2007
Water and sediment samples were collected from June through October 2007 from seven plots at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, and analyzed for a suite of pesticides (including fungicides) and other physical and chemical parameters (including sediment mineralogy) by the U.S. Geological Survey. Plots were selected for inclusion in this...
Authors
Timothy Reilly, Kelly L. Smalling, Michael Meyer, Mark Sandstrom, Michelle Hladik, Adam R. Boehlke, Neil Fishman, William Battaglin, Kathryn Kuivila
Assessing the potential effects of fungicides on nontarget gut fungi (trichomycetes) and their associated larval black fly hosts Assessing the potential effects of fungicides on nontarget gut fungi (trichomycetes) and their associated larval black fly hosts
Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known...
Authors
Emma Wilson, Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy Reilly, Elmer Gray, Laura Bond, Lance Steele, Prasanna Kandel, Alison Chamberlin, Justin Gause, Nicole Reynolds, Ian Robertson, Stephen Novak, Kevin Feris, Merlin White
Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices
Three passive sampling devices (PSDs), polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), polyethylene devices (PEDs), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers were used to sample a diverse set of chemicals in the coastal waters of San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight. Seventy one chemicals (including fragrances, phosphate flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, PAHs...
Authors
David A. Alvarez, Keith Maruya, Nathan Dodder, Wenjian Lao, Edward Furlong, Kelly L. Smalling
Occurrence of fungicides and other pesticides in surface water, groundwater, and sediment from three targeted-use areas in the United States, 2009 Occurrence of fungicides and other pesticides in surface water, groundwater, and sediment from three targeted-use areas in the United States, 2009
Surface-water, groundwater, and suspended- and bedsediment samples were collected in three targeted-use areas in the United States where potatoes were grown during 2009 and analyzed for an extensive suite of fungicides and other pesticides by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Fungicides were detected in all environmental matrices...
Authors
James L. Orlando, Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy Reilly, Adam Boehlke, Michael Meyer, Kathryn Kuivila
Environmental fate of fungicides and other current-use pesticides in a central California estuary Environmental fate of fungicides and other current-use pesticides in a central California estuary
The current study documents the fate of current-use pesticides in an agriculturally-dominated central California coastal estuary by focusing on the occurrence in water, sediment and tissue of resident aquatic organisms. Three fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin), one herbicide (propyzamide) and two organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were detected...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Kathryn Kuivila, James L. Orlando, Bryn Phillips, Brian Anderson, Katie Siegler, John Hunt, Mary Hamilton
Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA
Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Gary Fellers, Patrick Kleeman, Kathryn Kuivila
Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States
To document the environmental occurrence and persistence of fungicides, a robust and sensitive analytical method was used to measure 34 fungicides and an additional 57 current-use pesticides in bed sediments and suspended solids collected from areas of intense fungicide use within three geographic areas across the United States. Sampling sites were selected near or within agricultural...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy Reilly, Mark Sandstrom, Kathryn Kuivila
Occurrence of pesticides in water and sediment collected from amphibian habitats located throughout the United States, 2009-10 Occurrence of pesticides in water and sediment collected from amphibian habitats located throughout the United States, 2009-10
Water and bed-sediment samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2009 and 2010 from 11 sites within California and 18 sites total in Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, and Oregon, and were analyzed for a suite of pesticides by the USGS. Water samples and bed-sediment samples were collected from perennial or seasonal ponds located in amphibian habitats in...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, James L. Orlando, Daniel Calhoun, William Battaglin, Kathryn Kuivila
Non-USGS Publications**
Brander, S. M., He, G., Smalling, K. L., Denison, M. S. and Cherr, G. N. (2012), The in vivo estrogenic and in vitro anti-estrogenic activity of permethrin and bifenthrin. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31: 2848–2855
Brander SM, Connon RE, He G, Hobbs JA, Smalling KL, et al. (2013) From ‘Omics to Otoliths: Responses of an Estuarine Fish to Endocrine Disrupting Compounds across Biological Scales. PLoS ONE 8(9): e74251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074251
Smalling, K.L and Aelion, C.M., 2006, Biological and chemical transformation of atrazine in coastal aquatic sediments, Chemosphere, 62: 188-196.
Pulster, E. L., Smalling, K. L., Zolman, E., Schwacke, L. and Maruya, K. A. (2009), Persistent organochlorine pollutants and toxaphene congener profiles in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) frequenting the Turtle/Brunswick River Estuary, Georgia, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28: 1390–1399
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Filter Total Items: 30
Filter Total Items: 39
No Result Found
Filter Total Items: 106
Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response Restored agricultural wetlands in Central Iowa: habitat quality and amphibian response
Amphibians are declining throughout the United States and worldwide due, partly, to habitat loss. Conservation practices on the landscape restore wetlands to denitrify tile drainage effluent and restore ecosystem services. Understanding how water quality, hydroperiod, predation, and disease affect amphibians in restored wetlands is central to maintaining healthy amphibian populations in...
Authors
Rebecca Reeves, Clay Pierce, Kelly L. Smalling, Robert Klaver, Mark Vandever, William Battaglin, Erin Muths
Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New Chemical and ancillary data associated with bed sediment, young of year Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) tissue, and mussel (Mytilus edulis and Geukensia demissa) tissue collected after Hurricane Sandy in bays and estuaries of New
This report describes the methods and data associated with a reconnaissance study of young of year bluefish and mussel tissue samples as well as bed sediment collected as bluefish habitat indicators during August 2013–April 2014 in New Jersey and New York following Hurricane Sandy in October 2012. This study was funded by the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2) and was...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Ashok Deshpande, Vicki Blazer, Heather Galbraith, Bruce Dockum, Kristin M. Romanok, Kaitlyn Colella, Anna Deetz, Irene J. Fisher, Thomas Imbrigiotta, Beth Sharack, Lisa Summer, DeMond Timmons, John Trainor, Daniel Wieczorek, Jennifer Samson, Timothy Reilly, Michael Focazio
Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013 Estuarine bed-sediment-quality data collected in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy, 2013
This report describes a reconnaissance study of estuarine bed-sediment quality conducted June–October 2013 in New Jersey and New York after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 to assess the extent of contamination and the potential long-term human and ecological impacts of the storm. The study, funded through the Disaster Relief Appropriations Act of 2013 (PL 113-2), was conducted by the U.S
Authors
Jeffrey M. Fischer, Patrick J. Phillips, Timothy Reilly, Michael Focazio, Keith Loftin, William Benzel, Daniel Jones, Kelly L. Smalling, Shawn Fisher, Irene J. Fisher, Luke R. Iwanowicz, Kristin M. Romanok, Darkus Jenkins, Luke Bowers, Adam Boehlke, William T. Foreman, Anna C. Deetz, Lisa Carper, Thomas E. Imbrigiotta, Justin Birdwell
Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in alandscape dominated by agriculture Pesticide concentrations in frog tissue and wetland habitats in alandscape dominated by agriculture
Habitat loss and exposure to pesticides are likely primary factors contributing to amphibian decline in agricultural landscapes. Conservation efforts have attempted to restore wetlands lost through landscape modifications to reduce contaminant loads in surface waters and providing quality habitat to wildlife. The benefits of this increased wetland area, perhaps especially for amphibians...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Rebecca Reeves, Erin Muths, Mark Vandever, William Battaglin, Michelle Hladik, Clay Pierce
Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater and sediments and mineralogy of sediments and grain coatings underlying the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, 2007 Occurrence of pesticides in groundwater and sediments and mineralogy of sediments and grain coatings underlying the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, 2007
Water and sediment samples were collected from June through October 2007 from seven plots at the Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Upper Deerfield, New Jersey, and analyzed for a suite of pesticides (including fungicides) and other physical and chemical parameters (including sediment mineralogy) by the U.S. Geological Survey. Plots were selected for inclusion in this...
Authors
Timothy Reilly, Kelly L. Smalling, Michael Meyer, Mark Sandstrom, Michelle Hladik, Adam R. Boehlke, Neil Fishman, William Battaglin, Kathryn Kuivila
Assessing the potential effects of fungicides on nontarget gut fungi (trichomycetes) and their associated larval black fly hosts Assessing the potential effects of fungicides on nontarget gut fungi (trichomycetes) and their associated larval black fly hosts
Fungicides are moderately hydrophobic and have been detected in water and sediment, particularly in agricultural watersheds, but typically are not included in routine water quality monitoring efforts. This is despite their widespread use and frequent application to combat fungal pathogens. Although the efficacy of these compounds on fungal pathogens is well documented, little is known...
Authors
Emma Wilson, Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy Reilly, Elmer Gray, Laura Bond, Lance Steele, Prasanna Kandel, Alison Chamberlin, Justin Gause, Nicole Reynolds, Ian Robertson, Stephen Novak, Kevin Feris, Merlin White
Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices Occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern along the California coast (2009-10) using passive sampling devices
Three passive sampling devices (PSDs), polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS), polyethylene devices (PEDs), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) samplers were used to sample a diverse set of chemicals in the coastal waters of San Francisco Bay and the Southern California Bight. Seventy one chemicals (including fragrances, phosphate flame retardants, pharmaceuticals, PAHs...
Authors
David A. Alvarez, Keith Maruya, Nathan Dodder, Wenjian Lao, Edward Furlong, Kelly L. Smalling
Occurrence of fungicides and other pesticides in surface water, groundwater, and sediment from three targeted-use areas in the United States, 2009 Occurrence of fungicides and other pesticides in surface water, groundwater, and sediment from three targeted-use areas in the United States, 2009
Surface-water, groundwater, and suspended- and bedsediment samples were collected in three targeted-use areas in the United States where potatoes were grown during 2009 and analyzed for an extensive suite of fungicides and other pesticides by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Fungicides were detected in all environmental matrices...
Authors
James L. Orlando, Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy Reilly, Adam Boehlke, Michael Meyer, Kathryn Kuivila
Environmental fate of fungicides and other current-use pesticides in a central California estuary Environmental fate of fungicides and other current-use pesticides in a central California estuary
The current study documents the fate of current-use pesticides in an agriculturally-dominated central California coastal estuary by focusing on the occurrence in water, sediment and tissue of resident aquatic organisms. Three fungicides (azoxystrobin, boscalid, and pyraclostrobin), one herbicide (propyzamide) and two organophosphate insecticides (chlorpyrifos and diazinon) were detected...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Kathryn Kuivila, James L. Orlando, Bryn Phillips, Brian Anderson, Katie Siegler, John Hunt, Mary Hamilton
Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA Accumulation of pesticides in pacific chorus frogs (Pseudacris regilla) from California's Sierra Nevada Mountains, USA
Pesticides are receiving increasing attention as potential causes of amphibian declines, acting singly or in combination with other stressors, but limited information is available on the accumulation of current-use pesticides in tissue. The authors examined potential exposure and accumulation of currently used pesticides in pond-breeding frogs (Pseudacris regilla) collected from 7 high...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Gary Fellers, Patrick Kleeman, Kathryn Kuivila
Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States Occurrence and persistence of fungicides in bed sediments and suspended solids from three targeted use areas in the United States
To document the environmental occurrence and persistence of fungicides, a robust and sensitive analytical method was used to measure 34 fungicides and an additional 57 current-use pesticides in bed sediments and suspended solids collected from areas of intense fungicide use within three geographic areas across the United States. Sampling sites were selected near or within agricultural...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, Timothy Reilly, Mark Sandstrom, Kathryn Kuivila
Occurrence of pesticides in water and sediment collected from amphibian habitats located throughout the United States, 2009-10 Occurrence of pesticides in water and sediment collected from amphibian habitats located throughout the United States, 2009-10
Water and bed-sediment samples were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2009 and 2010 from 11 sites within California and 18 sites total in Colorado, Georgia, Idaho, Louisiana, Maine, and Oregon, and were analyzed for a suite of pesticides by the USGS. Water samples and bed-sediment samples were collected from perennial or seasonal ponds located in amphibian habitats in...
Authors
Kelly L. Smalling, James L. Orlando, Daniel Calhoun, William Battaglin, Kathryn Kuivila
Non-USGS Publications**
Brander, S. M., He, G., Smalling, K. L., Denison, M. S. and Cherr, G. N. (2012), The in vivo estrogenic and in vitro anti-estrogenic activity of permethrin and bifenthrin. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 31: 2848–2855
Brander SM, Connon RE, He G, Hobbs JA, Smalling KL, et al. (2013) From ‘Omics to Otoliths: Responses of an Estuarine Fish to Endocrine Disrupting Compounds across Biological Scales. PLoS ONE 8(9): e74251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074251
Smalling, K.L and Aelion, C.M., 2006, Biological and chemical transformation of atrazine in coastal aquatic sediments, Chemosphere, 62: 188-196.
Pulster, E. L., Smalling, K. L., Zolman, E., Schwacke, L. and Maruya, K. A. (2009), Persistent organochlorine pollutants and toxaphene congener profiles in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) frequenting the Turtle/Brunswick River Estuary, Georgia, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 28: 1390–1399
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.