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Mitchell McAdoo (Former Employee)

Science and Products

A hydrologic technician prepares a water sample for testing, working within a protected lab space to prevent contamination.

PFAS Investigations at the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Exposure to some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals. The Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center works with local and regional partners to determine the drivers and distribution of PFAS contamination in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water supplies across Virginia and West Virginia.
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
PFAS Investigations at the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

PFAS Investigations at the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Exposure to some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals. The Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center works with local and regional partners to determine the drivers and distribution of PFAS contamination in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water supplies across Virginia and West Virginia.
Learn More
A hydrologic technician on a boat, documenting water sampling information on an electronic tablet.

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

In 2019, the West Virginia legislature recognized the contamination risk to public source-water supplies posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and passed a resolution that required a statewide PFAS study. The purpose of this resulting study was to understand the occurrence and distribution of PFAS contamination throughout the state’s rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers. This...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

In 2019, the West Virginia legislature recognized the contamination risk to public source-water supplies posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and passed a resolution that required a statewide PFAS study. The purpose of this resulting study was to understand the occurrence and distribution of PFAS contamination throughout the state’s rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers. This...
Learn More

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2024 (ver. 2.0, September 2025) Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2024 (ver. 2.0, September 2025)

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water samples at selected public water systems in West Virginia identified to have detections for PFAS above laboratory reporting levels in previously collected raw-water samples (McAdoo and others, 2022). These data are stored in the USGS National Water Information System...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data from 126 logged groundwater wells analyzed to assess geologic, topographic, and physiographic controls on the occurrence and distribution of fractures and transmissivity of water-bearing fractures in West Virginia Data from 126 logged groundwater wells analyzed to assess geologic, topographic, and physiographic controls on the occurrence and distribution of fractures and transmissivity of water-bearing fractures in West Virginia

This data release summarizes 126 borehole geophysical logs collected in fractured rock aquifers within the state of West Virginia. Data includes site information for the wells logged, in addition to all fractures identified as part of processing of borehole logs collected for the study. A machine learning algorithm was used to identify values in logs characteristic of specific lithologic...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Select Domestic Wells in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Select Domestic Wells in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia

Samples for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were collected from 10 domestic wells to assess the extent to which PFAS is coming from the groundwater aquifer or from another source within the home. Specific objectives included: Collect well construction information; Collect samples for analysis of PFAS directly from the aquifer at domestic wells; Collect samples for analysis of...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

PHREEQC files for geochemical simulations in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia PHREEQC files for geochemical simulations in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia

This data release includes PHREEQC files used for geochemical models in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia. The associated publication by McAdoo and Connock (2024) should be consulted to understand the purpose and limitations of these simulations and data. The wateq4f database (Ball and Nordstrom, 1991) was used for the PHREEQC simulation. A report by Parkhurst and Appelo...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data for Statewide Reconnaissance of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Streams of Virginia, 2022-2023 Data for Statewide Reconnaissance of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Streams of Virginia, 2022-2023

These data were collected in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VADEQ) to document the occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in streams and rivers of Virginia. Specifically, this effort was initiated to: 1. Collect and analyze samples for PFAS at USGS-sampling stations in the Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network and Non-Tidal...
By
Chesapeake Bay Activities, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Dataset of C1-C6 Dissolved Trace Hydrocarbon Measurements in the Western "Wet Gas" Part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia, U.S.A. Collected Between June and August 2018 Dataset of C1-C6 Dissolved Trace Hydrocarbon Measurements in the Western "Wet Gas" Part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia, U.S.A. Collected Between June and August 2018

This dataset contains measurements of dissolved hydrocarbons in from groundwater samples collected in the shale gas producing regions of West Virginia, USA, between June and August of 2018. The target analytes in this study were: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethene (C2H4), ethyne (C2H2), propane (C3H8), propene (C3H6), i-butane (C4H10), n-butane (C4H10), 1-butene (C4H8), propyne (C3H4)...
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2022 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2022

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water samples at public water systems identified to have perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid above laboratory reporting levels in previously collected raw-water samples, and provide a review of the analytical results. The West Virginia Department of Health and...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Environmental Sampling of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia, 2021-2022 (ver. 2.0, September 2023) Environmental Sampling of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia, 2021-2022 (ver. 2.0, September 2023)

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the middle Chickahominy River watershed. Specifically, this effort was initiated to: 1. Determine concentrations of PFAS in surface water at select locations in the middle Chickahominy River watershed; 2. Determine concentrations of PFAS in edible portions of fish at select locations...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data Collected to Assess the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies, 2019 - 2021 Data Collected to Assess the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies, 2019 - 2021

Source water for West Virginia’s public water systems is pumped from groundwater aquifers or withdrawn from the state’s rivers and lakes. These systems provide drinking water to a majority of the state’s population and require constant monitoring for known and emerging contaminants. Groundwater contamination from Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) has occurred in West Virginia...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data for Distribution of Groundwater Age in Aquifers Used for Public Supply in the Continental United States, 2004 - 2017 (Version 1.1: June 2022) Data for Distribution of Groundwater Age in Aquifers Used for Public Supply in the Continental United States, 2004 - 2017 (Version 1.1: June 2022)

This data release documents seven tables that contain environmental tracer data and lumped parameter model (LPM) results that are used for assessing the distribution of groundwater age in 21 Principal Aquifers of the continental United States. Groundwater samples were collected from 1,279 sites and analyzed for environmental tracers: tritium, tritiogenic helium-3, sulfur hexafluoride...
By
California Water Science Center

Dataset of trace dissolved hydrocarbons in surface water and groundwater in North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia between 2014 and 2017 Dataset of trace dissolved hydrocarbons in surface water and groundwater in North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia between 2014 and 2017

This dataset contains measurements of dissolved hydrocarbons in various water sources, as well as ancillary raw calibration data showing the stability of the gas chromatograph with an atomic emission detector and flame ionization detector (GC-AED-FID) analytical system over time. Across multiple studies, samples from tap water, groundwater, surface water, springs, mine outflows, and...
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Site and Groundwater-Quality Sample Data for Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Aquifers in West Virginia, July 13, 1973 through September 7, 2016 Site and Groundwater-Quality Sample Data for Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Aquifers in West Virginia, July 13, 1973 through September 7, 2016

This Data Release is a compilation of existing water-quality data associated with groundwater resources originating from abandoned underground coal mines in West Virginia. Data were compiled from multiple sources for the purpose of understanding the suitability of groundwater from abandoned underground coal mines for public supply, industrial, agricultural, and other uses. This...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites
PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water
A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

All maps published in Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

All maps published in Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in West Virginia public source water supplies.
Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies
Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in West Virginia public source water supplies.

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

What are PFAS?

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in West Virginia public source water supplies.

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

What are PFAS?

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Factors affecting the distribution of water-bearing fractures in the bedrock aquifers of West Virginia Factors affecting the distribution of water-bearing fractures in the bedrock aquifers of West Virginia

Bedrock aquifers cover 23,601 square miles within the State of West Virginia and comprise 97.4 percent of the surficial area within the State; the remaining 2.6 percent (621 square miles) consists of alluvial sand-and-gravel and glacial outwash aquifers bordering the State’s major rivers. While West Virginia’s alluvial aquifers have been studied extensively, bedrock aquifers have only...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Mitchell McAdoo, Samuel Austin, Carson A. Wright
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent contributions to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Potomac River: A basin-scale measuring and modeling approach Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent contributions to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Potomac River: A basin-scale measuring and modeling approach

Managing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water resources requires a basin-scale approach. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) and stream-vulnerability scores for PFAS were determined for the Potomac River watershed in the eastern United States. Approximately 15% of stream reaches contained municipal and/or industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges...
Authors
Larry B. Barber, Samuel Miller, Lee Blaney, Paul M. Bradley, Kaycee Faunce, Jacob Fleck, Malinda Frick, Ke He, Ryan D. Hollins, Conor J. Lewellyn, Emily Majcher, Mitchell McAdoo, Kelly Smalling
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Pennsylvania Water Science Center, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Water-quality indicators of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia Water-quality indicators of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, studied surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia for the purpose of understanding the influence of surface water on groundwater chemistry. Public groundwater supplies obtained from these aquifers receive substantial recharge...
Authors
Mitchell McAdoo, Gregory Connock
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Hydrogeology, karst, and groundwater availability of Monroe County, West Virginia Hydrogeology, karst, and groundwater availability of Monroe County, West Virginia

Monroe County is in southeastern West Virginia, encompassing an area of 474 square miles. The area consists of karst and siliciclastic aquifers of Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Mississippian age and is in parts of two physiographic provinces: the Valley and Ridge Province to the east of Peters Mountain, and the Appalachian Plateau Province to the west of Peters Mountain. This study...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Daniel Doctor, William Jones, Nathan Chien, Cheyenne Cox, Randall Orndorff, David Weary, Mitchell Weaver, Mitchell McAdoo, Mercer Parker
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater quality in abandoned underground coal mine aquifers across West Virginia Groundwater quality in abandoned underground coal mine aquifers across West Virginia

Abandoned underground coal mine aquifers cover a large part of West Virginia and could supply substantial quantities of water for agricultural, industrial, residential, and public use. Several Federal, State, and academic institutions have studied the availability and quality of water stored in abandoned underground coal mine aquifers for a variety of applications, such as economic...
Authors
Mitchell McAdoo, Gregory Connock, Mark Kozar
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater quality and geochemistry of the western wet gas part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia Groundwater quality and geochemistry of the western wet gas part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia

Thirty rural residential water wells in the wet gas region of the Marcellus Shale oil and gas play in northwestern West Virginia were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2018, in cooperation with West Virginia State agencies, to analyze for a range of water-quality constituents, including major ions, trace metals, radionuclides, bacteria, and methane and other dissolved...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Mitchell McAdoo, Karl B. Haase
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely observed anthropogenic compounds found in water supplies worldwide and increasingly linked with adverse health effects in humans. In 2019, the West Virginia Legislature recognized the contamination risk to public source-water supplies posed by PFAS and passed a resolution that required a statewide PFAS study. The purpose of the...
Authors
Mitchell McAdoo, Gregory Connock, Terence Messinger
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater quality and geochemistry of West Virginia’s southern coal fields Groundwater quality and geochemistry of West Virginia’s southern coal fields

Coal mining has been the dominant industry and land use in West Virginia’s southern coal fields since the mid-1800s. Mortality rates for a variety of serious chronic conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, and some forms of cancer in Appalachian coal mining regions, are higher than in areas lacking substantial coal mining activity within the Appalachian Region or elsewhere in the...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Mitchell McAdoo, Karl B. Haase
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Contaminant Biology, Environmental Health Program, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater-quality data associated with abandoned underground coal mine aquifers in West Virginia, 1973-2016: Compilation of existing data from multiple sources Groundwater-quality data associated with abandoned underground coal mine aquifers in West Virginia, 1973-2016: Compilation of existing data from multiple sources

This report describes a compilation of existing water-quality data associated with groundwater resources originating from abandoned underground coal mines in West Virginia. Data were compiled from multiple sources for the purpose of understanding the suitability of groundwater from abandoned underground coal mines for public supply, industrial, agricultural, and other uses. This...
Authors
Mitchell A. McAdoo, Mark Kozar
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Interactive Map: Virginia and West Virginia PFAS Sampling Locations Interactive Map: Virginia and West Virginia PFAS Sampling Locations

This interactive map shares locations where per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been sampled by the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center in collaboration with partner agencies.
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Science and Products

A hydrologic technician prepares a water sample for testing, working within a protected lab space to prevent contamination.

PFAS Investigations at the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Exposure to some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals. The Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center works with local and regional partners to determine the drivers and distribution of PFAS contamination in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water supplies across Virginia and West Virginia.
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
PFAS Investigations at the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

PFAS Investigations at the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Exposure to some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been linked to harmful health effects in humans and animals. The Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center works with local and regional partners to determine the drivers and distribution of PFAS contamination in groundwater, surface water, and drinking water supplies across Virginia and West Virginia.
Learn More
A hydrologic technician on a boat, documenting water sampling information on an electronic tablet.

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

In 2019, the West Virginia legislature recognized the contamination risk to public source-water supplies posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and passed a resolution that required a statewide PFAS study. The purpose of this resulting study was to understand the occurrence and distribution of PFAS contamination throughout the state’s rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers. This...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

In 2019, the West Virginia legislature recognized the contamination risk to public source-water supplies posed by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and passed a resolution that required a statewide PFAS study. The purpose of this resulting study was to understand the occurrence and distribution of PFAS contamination throughout the state’s rivers, lakes, and groundwater aquifers. This...
Learn More

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2024 (ver. 2.0, September 2025) Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2024 (ver. 2.0, September 2025)

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in drinking water samples at selected public water systems in West Virginia identified to have detections for PFAS above laboratory reporting levels in previously collected raw-water samples (McAdoo and others, 2022). These data are stored in the USGS National Water Information System...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data from 126 logged groundwater wells analyzed to assess geologic, topographic, and physiographic controls on the occurrence and distribution of fractures and transmissivity of water-bearing fractures in West Virginia Data from 126 logged groundwater wells analyzed to assess geologic, topographic, and physiographic controls on the occurrence and distribution of fractures and transmissivity of water-bearing fractures in West Virginia

This data release summarizes 126 borehole geophysical logs collected in fractured rock aquifers within the state of West Virginia. Data includes site information for the wells logged, in addition to all fractures identified as part of processing of borehole logs collected for the study. A machine learning algorithm was used to identify values in logs characteristic of specific lithologic...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Select Domestic Wells in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Select Domestic Wells in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia

Samples for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were collected from 10 domestic wells to assess the extent to which PFAS is coming from the groundwater aquifer or from another source within the home. Specific objectives included: Collect well construction information; Collect samples for analysis of PFAS directly from the aquifer at domestic wells; Collect samples for analysis of...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

PHREEQC files for geochemical simulations in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia PHREEQC files for geochemical simulations in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia

This data release includes PHREEQC files used for geochemical models in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia. The associated publication by McAdoo and Connock (2024) should be consulted to understand the purpose and limitations of these simulations and data. The wateq4f database (Ball and Nordstrom, 1991) was used for the PHREEQC simulation. A report by Parkhurst and Appelo...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data for Statewide Reconnaissance of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Streams of Virginia, 2022-2023 Data for Statewide Reconnaissance of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Rivers and Streams of Virginia, 2022-2023

These data were collected in cooperation with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VADEQ) to document the occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in streams and rivers of Virginia. Specifically, this effort was initiated to: 1. Collect and analyze samples for PFAS at USGS-sampling stations in the Chesapeake Bay River Input Monitoring Network and Non-Tidal...
By
Chesapeake Bay Activities, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Dataset of C1-C6 Dissolved Trace Hydrocarbon Measurements in the Western "Wet Gas" Part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia, U.S.A. Collected Between June and August 2018 Dataset of C1-C6 Dissolved Trace Hydrocarbon Measurements in the Western "Wet Gas" Part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia, U.S.A. Collected Between June and August 2018

This dataset contains measurements of dissolved hydrocarbons in from groundwater samples collected in the shale gas producing regions of West Virginia, USA, between June and August of 2018. The target analytes in this study were: methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), ethene (C2H4), ethyne (C2H2), propane (C3H8), propene (C3H6), i-butane (C4H10), n-butane (C4H10), 1-butene (C4H8), propyne (C3H4)...
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2022 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Drinking Water at Select Public Water Systems in West Virginia, 2022

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in drinking water samples at public water systems identified to have perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorooctane sulfonic acid above laboratory reporting levels in previously collected raw-water samples, and provide a review of the analytical results. The West Virginia Department of Health and...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Environmental Sampling of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia, 2021-2022 (ver. 2.0, September 2023) Environmental Sampling of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in the Middle Chickahominy River Watershed, Virginia, 2021-2022 (ver. 2.0, September 2023)

These data were collected to understand the occurrence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the middle Chickahominy River watershed. Specifically, this effort was initiated to: 1. Determine concentrations of PFAS in surface water at select locations in the middle Chickahominy River watershed; 2. Determine concentrations of PFAS in edible portions of fish at select locations...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data Collected to Assess the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies, 2019 - 2021 Data Collected to Assess the Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies, 2019 - 2021

Source water for West Virginia’s public water systems is pumped from groundwater aquifers or withdrawn from the state’s rivers and lakes. These systems provide drinking water to a majority of the state’s population and require constant monitoring for known and emerging contaminants. Groundwater contamination from Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) has occurred in West Virginia...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Data for Distribution of Groundwater Age in Aquifers Used for Public Supply in the Continental United States, 2004 - 2017 (Version 1.1: June 2022) Data for Distribution of Groundwater Age in Aquifers Used for Public Supply in the Continental United States, 2004 - 2017 (Version 1.1: June 2022)

This data release documents seven tables that contain environmental tracer data and lumped parameter model (LPM) results that are used for assessing the distribution of groundwater age in 21 Principal Aquifers of the continental United States. Groundwater samples were collected from 1,279 sites and analyzed for environmental tracers: tritium, tritiogenic helium-3, sulfur hexafluoride...
By
California Water Science Center

Dataset of trace dissolved hydrocarbons in surface water and groundwater in North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia between 2014 and 2017 Dataset of trace dissolved hydrocarbons in surface water and groundwater in North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia between 2014 and 2017

This dataset contains measurements of dissolved hydrocarbons in various water sources, as well as ancillary raw calibration data showing the stability of the gas chromatograph with an atomic emission detector and flame ionization detector (GC-AED-FID) analytical system over time. Across multiple studies, samples from tap water, groundwater, surface water, springs, mine outflows, and...
By
Water Resources Mission Area

Site and Groundwater-Quality Sample Data for Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Aquifers in West Virginia, July 13, 1973 through September 7, 2016 Site and Groundwater-Quality Sample Data for Abandoned Underground Coal Mine Aquifers in West Virginia, July 13, 1973 through September 7, 2016

This Data Release is a compilation of existing water-quality data associated with groundwater resources originating from abandoned underground coal mines in West Virginia. Data were compiled from multiple sources for the purpose of understanding the suitability of groundwater from abandoned underground coal mines for public supply, industrial, agricultural, and other uses. This...
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites
PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water
A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

All maps published in Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
A map of West Virginia with the locations of sampling sites

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

PFAS in West Virginia's Groundwater and Surface Water

All maps published in Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in West Virginia public source water supplies.
Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies
Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in West Virginia public source water supplies.

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

What are PFAS?

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in West Virginia public source water supplies.

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in West Virginia Public Source-Water Supplies

What are PFAS?

By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Factors affecting the distribution of water-bearing fractures in the bedrock aquifers of West Virginia Factors affecting the distribution of water-bearing fractures in the bedrock aquifers of West Virginia

Bedrock aquifers cover 23,601 square miles within the State of West Virginia and comprise 97.4 percent of the surficial area within the State; the remaining 2.6 percent (621 square miles) consists of alluvial sand-and-gravel and glacial outwash aquifers bordering the State’s major rivers. While West Virginia’s alluvial aquifers have been studied extensively, bedrock aquifers have only...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Mitchell McAdoo, Samuel Austin, Carson A. Wright
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent contributions to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Potomac River: A basin-scale measuring and modeling approach Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant effluent contributions to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the Potomac River: A basin-scale measuring and modeling approach

Managing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water resources requires a basin-scale approach. Predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) and stream-vulnerability scores for PFAS were determined for the Potomac River watershed in the eastern United States. Approximately 15% of stream reaches contained municipal and/or industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges...
Authors
Larry B. Barber, Samuel Miller, Lee Blaney, Paul M. Bradley, Kaycee Faunce, Jacob Fleck, Malinda Frick, Ke He, Ryan D. Hollins, Conor J. Lewellyn, Emily Majcher, Mitchell McAdoo, Kelly Smalling
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Chesapeake Bay Activities, Pennsylvania Water Science Center, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Water-quality indicators of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia Water-quality indicators of surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources, studied surface-water-influenced groundwater supplies in the Ohio River alluvial aquifer of West Virginia for the purpose of understanding the influence of surface water on groundwater chemistry. Public groundwater supplies obtained from these aquifers receive substantial recharge...
Authors
Mitchell McAdoo, Gregory Connock
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Hydrogeology, karst, and groundwater availability of Monroe County, West Virginia Hydrogeology, karst, and groundwater availability of Monroe County, West Virginia

Monroe County is in southeastern West Virginia, encompassing an area of 474 square miles. The area consists of karst and siliciclastic aquifers of Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, and Mississippian age and is in parts of two physiographic provinces: the Valley and Ridge Province to the east of Peters Mountain, and the Appalachian Plateau Province to the west of Peters Mountain. This study...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Daniel Doctor, William Jones, Nathan Chien, Cheyenne Cox, Randall Orndorff, David Weary, Mitchell Weaver, Mitchell McAdoo, Mercer Parker
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater quality in abandoned underground coal mine aquifers across West Virginia Groundwater quality in abandoned underground coal mine aquifers across West Virginia

Abandoned underground coal mine aquifers cover a large part of West Virginia and could supply substantial quantities of water for agricultural, industrial, residential, and public use. Several Federal, State, and academic institutions have studied the availability and quality of water stored in abandoned underground coal mine aquifers for a variety of applications, such as economic...
Authors
Mitchell McAdoo, Gregory Connock, Mark Kozar
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater quality and geochemistry of the western wet gas part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia Groundwater quality and geochemistry of the western wet gas part of the Marcellus Shale Oil and Gas Play in West Virginia

Thirty rural residential water wells in the wet gas region of the Marcellus Shale oil and gas play in northwestern West Virginia were sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2018, in cooperation with West Virginia State agencies, to analyze for a range of water-quality constituents, including major ions, trace metals, radionuclides, bacteria, and methane and other dissolved...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Mitchell McAdoo, Karl B. Haase
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and inorganic analytes in groundwater and surface water used as sources for public water supply in West Virginia

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely observed anthropogenic compounds found in water supplies worldwide and increasingly linked with adverse health effects in humans. In 2019, the West Virginia Legislature recognized the contamination risk to public source-water supplies posed by PFAS and passed a resolution that required a statewide PFAS study. The purpose of the...
Authors
Mitchell McAdoo, Gregory Connock, Terence Messinger
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater quality and geochemistry of West Virginia’s southern coal fields Groundwater quality and geochemistry of West Virginia’s southern coal fields

Coal mining has been the dominant industry and land use in West Virginia’s southern coal fields since the mid-1800s. Mortality rates for a variety of serious chronic conditions, such as diabetes, heart disease, and some forms of cancer in Appalachian coal mining regions, are higher than in areas lacking substantial coal mining activity within the Appalachian Region or elsewhere in the...
Authors
Mark Kozar, Mitchell McAdoo, Karl B. Haase
By
Ecosystems Mission Area, Contaminant Biology, Environmental Health Program, Toxic Substances Hydrology, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Groundwater-quality data associated with abandoned underground coal mine aquifers in West Virginia, 1973-2016: Compilation of existing data from multiple sources Groundwater-quality data associated with abandoned underground coal mine aquifers in West Virginia, 1973-2016: Compilation of existing data from multiple sources

This report describes a compilation of existing water-quality data associated with groundwater resources originating from abandoned underground coal mines in West Virginia. Data were compiled from multiple sources for the purpose of understanding the suitability of groundwater from abandoned underground coal mines for public supply, industrial, agricultural, and other uses. This...
Authors
Mitchell A. McAdoo, Mark Kozar
By
Water Resources Mission Area, Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center

Interactive Map: Virginia and West Virginia PFAS Sampling Locations Interactive Map: Virginia and West Virginia PFAS Sampling Locations

This interactive map shares locations where per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been sampled by the Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center in collaboration with partner agencies.
By
Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center
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