Scientists use a MultiGAS instrument (gray, hard-shell case) to measure gas compositions from the East Lake hot spring in the Newberry caldera. The photo was taken on August 3, 2020 just after sunrise. The vapor above the hot spring and lake is typical for cool mornings and is not visible later in the day.
Peter Kelly
I am a research geologist based at the Cascades Volcano Observatory. I work to better understand magmatic and hydrothermal systems through research and monitoring of volcanic gas emissions.
I work on US volcanoes as a member of the USGS Volcano Emissions Project and internationally as a member of the USAID-USGS Volcano Disaster Assistance Program (VDAP). This work includes an emphasis on developing and applying new technologies to implement real-time gas monitoring on volcanoes. Prior to joining the USGS in 2008, I spent two years at the University of New Hampshire working on a NOAA-funded project to monitor air pollution.
Education and Certifications
M.S., Geochemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, 2006
B.S., Geology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 2003
Science and Products
Characterizing magmatic gases directly in the field
Airborne Survey of Gas Emissions from Volcanoes in the Cook Inlet and Northern Alaska Peninsula, 2021
Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Provisional Multi-GAS Volcanic Gas Monitoring Data, Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park
Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017
Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Volcanic Gas Measurements at Mount Cleveland, Alaska 2016
Gas and heat emission measurements at Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park (May-September 2017)
Gas and heat emission measurements in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (May-October 2016)
Volcanic Gas Measurements at Mount Cleveland, 14-15 August 2015

Scientists use a MultiGAS instrument (gray, hard-shell case) to measure gas compositions from the East Lake hot spring in the Newberry caldera. The photo was taken on August 3, 2020 just after sunrise. The vapor above the hot spring and lake is typical for cool mornings and is not visible later in the day.
State-of-art, cavity-enhanced analyzer to help solve this long-standing technical problem in volcano science, adapted from an industrial instrument. The Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) yields a several kilometer path length for absorption. Contains two near-IR tunable diode lasers and is field portable, fast, and precise.
State-of-art, cavity-enhanced analyzer to help solve this long-standing technical problem in volcano science, adapted from an industrial instrument. The Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) yields a several kilometer path length for absorption. Contains two near-IR tunable diode lasers and is field portable, fast, and precise.
Volcanic gases reflect magma stalling and launching depths
Triggering the 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa
Volcanic gas monitoring
From field station to forecast: Managing data at the Alaska Volcano Observatory
Chemistry, growth, and fate of the unique, short-lived (2019–2020) water lake at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Development of small uncrewed aerial systems for multi-instrument geophysical data acquisition in active geothermal systems
Weak degassing from remote Alaska volcanoes characterized with a new airborne Imaging DOAS instrument and a suite of in situ sensors
Geochemistry and fluxes of gases from hydrothermal features at Newberry Volcano, Oregon, USA
Characterizing unrest: A retrospective look at 20 years of gas emissions and seismicity at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska
UAS-based tools for mapping and monitoring hydrothermal systems: An example from Mammoth Lakes, California
Helium-carbon systematics of groundwaters in the Lassen Peak Region
The petrologic and degassing behavior of sulfur and other magmatic volatiles from the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi: Melt concentrations, magma storage depths, and magma recycling
Science and Products
Characterizing magmatic gases directly in the field
Airborne Survey of Gas Emissions from Volcanoes in the Cook Inlet and Northern Alaska Peninsula, 2021
Chemical and isotopic composition of gas, water, and solids from the 2019-2020 water lake in Halema’uma’u Crater, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii
Provisional Multi-GAS Volcanic Gas Monitoring Data, Obsidian Pool thermal area, Yellowstone National Park
Airborne Volcanic Gas Measurements at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska 2004-2017
Data from Monitoring Volcanic Gases in Plumes and Ambient Air, Newberry Volcano, Oregon
Volcanic Gas Measurements at Mount Cleveland, Alaska 2016
Gas and heat emission measurements at Solfatara Plateau Thermal Area, Yellowstone National Park (May-September 2017)
Gas and heat emission measurements in Norris Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park (May-October 2016)
Volcanic Gas Measurements at Mount Cleveland, 14-15 August 2015

Scientists use a MultiGAS instrument (gray, hard-shell case) to measure gas compositions from the East Lake hot spring in the Newberry caldera. The photo was taken on August 3, 2020 just after sunrise. The vapor above the hot spring and lake is typical for cool mornings and is not visible later in the day.
Scientists use a MultiGAS instrument (gray, hard-shell case) to measure gas compositions from the East Lake hot spring in the Newberry caldera. The photo was taken on August 3, 2020 just after sunrise. The vapor above the hot spring and lake is typical for cool mornings and is not visible later in the day.
State-of-art, cavity-enhanced analyzer to help solve this long-standing technical problem in volcano science, adapted from an industrial instrument. The Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) yields a several kilometer path length for absorption. Contains two near-IR tunable diode lasers and is field portable, fast, and precise.
State-of-art, cavity-enhanced analyzer to help solve this long-standing technical problem in volcano science, adapted from an industrial instrument. The Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) yields a several kilometer path length for absorption. Contains two near-IR tunable diode lasers and is field portable, fast, and precise.