As a Wildlife Biologist, Shellie’s research interests focus on conservation of animals and their habitats, the effects of climate change on wildlife, and animal ecology and physiology. Her current focus is directed toward the study of turtle and tortoise ecology and conservation in the Desert Southwest, working closely under herpetologist and Research Ecologist, Dr. Jeffrey Lovich.
Shellie is a Wildlife Biologist in the Terrestrial Dryland Ecology Branch of the Southwest Biological Science Center. She began as a volunteer with USGS, providing field support for collecting data on the demography and ecology of the federally threatened Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) at Joshua Tree National Park and then was hired as a Biological Science Technician with USGS to assist in a mark-recapture study of a population of Sonora mud turtles (Kinosternon sonoriense) at Montezuma Well. She is currently investigating desert tortoise ecology and demography in the Sonoran Desert of California with the ultimate objective of aiding in establishing a long-term desert tortoise monitoring program. The program will be used by the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan and Natural Community Conservation Plan to measure desert tortoise population trends. Additionally, Shellie is working on a project that focuses on locating, studying, and protecting relict populations of the southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) along the Mojave River in San Bernardino County, California. The southwestern pond turtle has been listed as a species of special concern in California, primarily due to loss of habitat as the river dries due to drought and overdraft from urban and agricultural use.
Before coming to USGS, Shellie received her education at the University of Toledo, Ohio. As an undergraduate fascinated by the Life Sciences, she worked in an immunology lab that studied Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. EAE is an analog for demyelinating diseases in humans, such as multiple sclerosis. Her undergraduate thesis focused on researching ways to ameliorate the disease. Her work earned her college and departmental honors. After graduating summa cum laude with a B.S. in Biology and a B.A. in Chemistry, she decided to begin a Master’s Program in Biology/Ecology at UT. During the remainder of her time at the university, she studied the effects of climate change, specifically heat waves, on plant physiology and plant-herbivore interactions. She also participated in research on developing a biofuel from diatoms (a type of algae) harvested from Lake Erie. Her free time was spent working in the UT Outdoor Classroom Garden – a community garden established to teach and promote sustainability – or learning to be a guide on the rivers of West Virginia in order to discover more about the natural history and native flora and fauna of the area, with the goal of passing the knowledge along to others. Her developing enthusiasm for becoming a steward of the natural environment and using research to develop strategies for addressing climate change and wildlife conservation eventually pushed her to move West to Arizona in order to pursue other opportunities. Since then, she has been building her portfolio in the exciting world of research and conservation in herpetology under the tutelage of Dr. Jeffrey Lovich.
Science and Products
Desert Tortoise Ecology and Renewable Energy Development
Desert Tortoise Ecology
Injury and abnormality data for southwestern pond turtles (Actinemys pallida) from 3 sites along the Mojave River, California from separate surveys in 1998-1999 and 2017-2019
Agassiz's desert tortoise and egg data from the Sonoran Desert of California (1997-2000, 2015-2018)
Spatial distribution and risk analysis data for diamond-backed terrapins relative to crab trapping, Savannah Coastal Refuge Complex, USA
High female desert tortoise mortality in the western Sonoran Desert during California’s epic 2012–2016 drought
Injuries and abnormalities of the southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) in the Mojave River of California
The southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) is a semiaquatic turtle that occasionally spends time on land to bask, oviposit, make intermittent overland movements, and overwinter in terrestrial locations. Use of both aquatic and terrestrial environments exposes semiaquatic turtles to increased risk of injury or mortality from floods, predation attempts, and other environmental hazards (e.g., h
Birds not in flight: Using camera traps to observe ground use of birds at a wind-energy facility
Western pond turtles in the Mojave Desert? A review of their past, present, and possible future
Gopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Overwinter movement
‘Unscrambling’ the drivers of egg production in Agassiz’s desert tortoise: Climate and individual attributes predict reproductive output
Micro-geographic variation in burrow use of Agassiz’s desert tortoises in the Sonoran Desert of California
Little has been published regarding the burrowing habits of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Sonoran Desert of California. We monitored the interactions of tortoises with their burrows, and other tortoises, via radio-telemetry at two nearby sites between the Cottonwood and Orocopia Mountains, from 2015-2018. We examined how annual cycles of drought and non-drought years, beha
Refining genetic boundaries for Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the western Sonoran Desert: The influence of the Coachella Valley on gene flow among populations in southern California
Establishing an Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise monitoring program within the Coachella Valley multiple species habitat conservation plan area: Final report to the Coachella Valley conservation commission on work performed near the Orocopia Mountains
An introduced breeding population of Chrysemys picta marginata in the Kaibab National Forest, northern Arizona
Biodiversity of amphibians and reptiles at the Camp Cady Wildlife Area, Mojave Desert, California and comparisons with other desert locations
Spatial distribution of estuarine diamond-backed terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) and risk analysis from commercial blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) trapping at the Savannah Coastal Refuges Complex, USA
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
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Desert Tortoise Ecology and Renewable Energy Development
The desert Southwest is experiencing rapid development of utility-scale solar and wind energy facilities. Although clean renewable energy has environmental benefits, it can also have negative impacts on wildlife and their habitats. Understanding those impacts and effectively mitigating them is a major goal of industry and resource managers. One species of particular concern is Agassiz’s desert...Desert Tortoise Ecology
Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) approach the southern edge of their mostly Mojave Desert range near Joshua Tree National Park. Modern desert tortoise research started in the Park in 1978 when the first tortoise population census was conducted on a one square mile area in the Pinto Basin known as the “Barrow Plot.” U.S. Geological Survey research began at the plot in 1997 and... - Data
Injury and abnormality data for southwestern pond turtles (Actinemys pallida) from 3 sites along the Mojave River, California from separate surveys in 1998-1999 and 2017-2019
These data were compiled to assess the size, structure, and health of various populations of Actinemys pallida along the length of the Mojave River. Objective(s) of our study were to determine the extent of injuries and abnormalities within our Actinemys pallida populations (including statistical analyses comparing injuries with turtle sex and size) and estimate the cause(s) of the injuries and abAgassiz's desert tortoise and egg data from the Sonoran Desert of California (1997-2000, 2015-2018)
These data were compiled to evaluate reproductive output of Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizzi) in relation to environmental and individual-level variables. We collected data from four study sites in the Sonoran Desert of California, including two separate populations within Joshua Tree National Park, one population located on the northern versant of the Orocopia Mountains, and one popSpatial distribution and risk analysis data for diamond-backed terrapins relative to crab trapping, Savannah Coastal Refuge Complex, USA
There were five objects for compiling these data: 1) to conduct a systematic inventory of diamond-backed terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) using headcount surveys on four National Wildlife Refuges (Harris Neck, Blackbeard Island, Wassaw, and Wolf Island) that are a part of the greater Savannah Coastal Refuges Complex in southeast Georgia, USA; 2) to use occupancy modeling to determine detection prob - Multimedia
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Filter Total Items: 17
High female desert tortoise mortality in the western Sonoran Desert during California’s epic 2012–2016 drought
We conducted population surveys for desert tortoises Gopherus agassizii at 2 nearby sites in the western Sonoran Desert of California, USA, from 2015-2018, during the driest ongoing 22 yr period (2000-2021) in the southwestern USA in over 1200 yr. We hypothesized that drought-induced mortality would be female-biased due to water and energy losses attributable to egg production during protracted peAuthorsJeffrey E. Lovich, Michele (Shellie) R. Puffer, Kristy L. Cummings, Terence R. Arundel, Michael S. Vamstad, Kathleen D. BrundigeInjuries and abnormalities of the southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) in the Mojave River of California
The southwestern pond turtle (Actinemys pallida) is a semiaquatic turtle that occasionally spends time on land to bask, oviposit, make intermittent overland movements, and overwinter in terrestrial locations. Use of both aquatic and terrestrial environments exposes semiaquatic turtles to increased risk of injury or mortality from floods, predation attempts, and other environmental hazards (e.g., h
AuthorsKristy L. Cummings, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Michele (Shellie) R. Puffer, Sarah Greely, Christopher D Otahal, James GannonBirds not in flight: Using camera traps to observe ground use of birds at a wind-energy facility
Context: Camera trapping is increasingly used to collect information on wildlife occurrence and behaviour remotely. Not only does the technique provide insights into habitat use by species of interest, it also gathers information on non-target species.Aims: We implemented ground-based camera trapping to investigate the behaviours of ground-dwelling birds, a technique that has largely been unutilisAuthorsShellie R. Puffer, Laura A. Tennant, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Mickey Agha, Amanda L. Smith, David Delaney, Terence R. Arundel, Leo J. Fleckenstein, Jessica Briggs, Andrew Walde, Joshua EnnenWestern pond turtles in the Mojave Desert? A review of their past, present, and possible future
=The western pond turtle (WPT) was formerly considered a single species (Actinemys or Emys marmorata) that ranged from southern British Columbia, Canada to Baja California, México. More recently it was divided into a northern and a southern species. WPTs are found primarily in streams that drain into the Pacific Ocean, although scattered populations exist in endorheic drainages of the Great BasinAuthorsJeffrey E. Lovich, George T. Jefferson, Robert E. Reynolds, Peter A. Scott, H. Bradley Shaffer, Shellie R. Puffer, Sarah Greely, Kristy L. Cummings, Robert N. Fisher, Kathie Meyer-Wilkins, Doug Gomez, Morgan Ford, Christopher D OtahalGopherus Agassizii (Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise). Overwinter movement
No abstract available.AuthorsKristy L. Cummings, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Shellie R. Puffer‘Unscrambling’ the drivers of egg production in Agassiz’s desert tortoise: Climate and individual attributes predict reproductive output
ABSTRACT: The ‘bet hedging’ life history strategy of long-lived iteroparous species reduces short-term reproductive output to minimize the risk of reproductive failure over a lifetime. For desert-dwelling ectotherms living in variable and unpredictable environments, reproductive output is further influenced by precipitation and temperature via effects on food availability and limits on activity. WAuthorsCorey I. Mitchell, Derek A. Friend, Lauren T. Phillips, Elizabeth A. Hunter, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Mickey Agha, Shellie R. Puffer, Kristy L. Cummings, Philip A. Medica, Todd C. Esque, Kenneth E. Nussear, Kevin T. ShoemakerMicro-geographic variation in burrow use of Agassiz’s desert tortoises in the Sonoran Desert of California
Little has been published regarding the burrowing habits of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) in the Sonoran Desert of California. We monitored the interactions of tortoises with their burrows, and other tortoises, via radio-telemetry at two nearby sites between the Cottonwood and Orocopia Mountains, from 2015-2018. We examined how annual cycles of drought and non-drought years, beha
AuthorsKristy L. Cummings, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Shellie R. Puffer, Terence R. Arundel, Kathleen D. BrundigeRefining genetic boundaries for Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the western Sonoran Desert: The influence of the Coachella Valley on gene flow among populations in southern California
Understanding the influence of geographic features on the evolutionary history and population structure of a species can assist wildlife managers in delimiting genetic units (GUs) for conservation and management. Landscape features including mountains, low elevation depressions, and even roads can influence connectivity and gene flow among Agassiz’s desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) populationsAuthorsJeffrey E. Lovich, Taylor Edwards, Kristin H. Berry, Shellie R. Puffer, Kristy L. Cummings, Ennen Joshua R., Mickey Agha, Rachel Woodard, Kathleen D. Brundige, Robert W. MurphyEstablishing an Agassiz’s Desert Tortoise monitoring program within the Coachella Valley multiple species habitat conservation plan area: Final report to the Coachella Valley conservation commission on work performed near the Orocopia Mountains
In support of the goals of the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan and Natural Community Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP/NCCP), a population of Agassiz’s desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) was marked and studied to establish a desert tortoise monitoring program near the Orocopia Mountains beginning in early 2017 and ending in the summer of 2018, following the epic drought ofAuthorsJeffrey E. Lovich, Shellie R. Puffer, Kristy L. CummingsAn introduced breeding population of Chrysemys picta marginata in the Kaibab National Forest, northern Arizona
The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is widely distributed from coast to coast in North America with each of four subspecies generally occupying different regions. In the southwestern USA and northern Mexico, where C. p. bellii is the expected native race, populations are small and widelyscattered. Introduced populations of other painted turtle subspecies are reported from various locations in theAuthorsJeffrey E. Lovich, Bruce L. Christman, Kristy L. Cummings, Jenna Norris, Shellie R. Puffer, Christina JonesBiodiversity of amphibians and reptiles at the Camp Cady Wildlife Area, Mojave Desert, California and comparisons with other desert locations
We examined the biodiversity of amphibian and reptile species living in and near constructed ponds in the riparian area at the Camp Cady Wildlife Area (CCWA) in the Mojave Desert of San Bernardino County, California, based on field work from 1998-1999, 2016-2017, review of the literature, and searches for museum specimens using VertNet.org. A total of 11 species (201 captures), including two frogsAuthorsKristy L. Cummings, Shellie R. Puffer, Jenny B. Holmen, Jason K. Wallace, Jeffrey E. Lovich, Kathie Meyer-Wilkins, Chris Petersen, Robert E. LovichSpatial distribution of estuarine diamond-backed terrapins (Malaclemys terrapin) and risk analysis from commercial blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) trapping at the Savannah Coastal Refuges Complex, USA
The diamond-backed terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is a small estuarine turtle distributed along the Atlantic and Gulf Coasts of the USA. Terrapin populations are declining throughout their range and one of the main causes is mortality by drowning as bycatch in commercially-fished blue crab (Callinetes sapidus) traps (aka pots). We conducted head counts of terrapins and documented the distributionAuthorsJeffrey E. Lovich, Meagan Thomas, Kirsten E. Ironside, Charles B. Yackulic, Shellie R. PufferNon-USGS Publications**
Rasche, S.S., Phillips, M., McInerney, M.F., Sercarz, E.E., and Quinn, A. 2011. IL-13Rα1 expression on β-cell-specific T cells in NOD mice. Diabetes, v. 60, p. 1716-1725.**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
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