Typhoon Merbok Coastal Community Impacts
In FY 2023, USGS received disaster supplement funds (Public Law 117-328) to assess increased risks to coastal communities.
Typhoon/coastal community impact: tasks and benefits 2023
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As Typhoon Merbok barreled across the Bering Sea and western Alaska, hurricane-strength winds, extreme storm surge, and high waves impacted more than 35 Alaska Native communities along a 1,300-mile stretch of coast. Flooding and winds destroyed or damaged homes, infrastructure, property, utilities, and subsistence fish camps, while eroding large sections of coast.
USGS work in western Alaska following Typhoon Merbok:
Disaster Emergency Recovery Efforts
Disaster Recovery Accomplishments
- Funding supports coastal mapping products, as well as operational and long-term forecasts, to help communities assess increased coastal hazard risks after Typhoon Merbok and guide rebuilding efforts.
- Products include permanent high-water flood markers; stakeholder co-developed interactive mapping tools showing shoreline change and modeled flood and erosion risks; and tools for capturing real-time coastal observations and forecasting flood hazards.
- The USGS worked with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to establish six new real-time water level observing stations that integrate with the National Water Level Observation Network and fill observational data gaps for community risk reduction; NOAA assumes management and maintenance of the completed stations..
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Alaska Flood Staffs
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses observations of flooding in communities to monitor hazard conditions and support research by the USGS and its partners into a variety of hazard processes in Alaska. Local observations of flooding at flood staffs are used to document flood elevations, improve flood models, and support floodplain management decisions.
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Extreme storm events, such as Extratropical-Typhoon Merbok that hit the coast of Western Alaska in September 2022, are stark reminders of the devastating impacts coastal storms can have on Alaska Native community’s livelihoods and infrastructure. A chronic lack of environmental monitoring and technical assistance in rural Alaska present major barriers to communities affected by Typhoon Merbok...
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Related
Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS)
Software for calculating positional boundary change over time The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 6 is a standalone application that calculates shoreline or boundary change over time. The GIS of a user’s choice is used to prepare the data for DSAS. Like previous versions, DSAS v.6 enables a user to calculate rate-of-change statistics from multiple historical shoreline positions...
Alaska Flood Staffs
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses observations of flooding in communities to monitor hazard conditions and support research by the USGS and its partners into a variety of hazard processes in Alaska. Local observations of flooding at flood staffs are used to document flood elevations, improve flood models, and support floodplain management decisions.
Typhoon Merbok Disaster Emergency Recovery Efforts
Extreme storm events, such as Extratropical-Typhoon Merbok that hit the coast of Western Alaska in September 2022, are stark reminders of the devastating impacts coastal storms can have on Alaska Native community’s livelihoods and infrastructure. A chronic lack of environmental monitoring and technical assistance in rural Alaska present major barriers to communities affected by Typhoon Merbok...
CoSMoS-AK Modeled flood and erosion hazards at Unalakleet - Coastal Alaska CoSMoS-AK Modeled flood and erosion hazards at Unalakleet - Coastal Alaska
This data release consists of flood hazard maps from compound coastal hazards--specifically sea-level rise (SLR) and projected coastal storms. Products include projected flood depths, flood extents including uncertainties, water elevations, wave heights, velocity hazard, and erosion and sedimentation pattern. These are generated using a suite of numerical models driven by outputs from...
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This data release consists of flood hazard maps from compound coastal hazards--specifically sea-level rise (SLR) and projected coastal storms. Products include projected flood depths, flood extents including uncertainties, water elevations, wave heights, velocity hazards, and erosion and sedimentation patterns. These are generated using a suite of numerical models driven by outputs from...
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This data release consists of a series of seamless topobathymetric digital elevation models (TBDEMs) for coastal Alaskan communities. Each TBDEM was assembled from best available, multi-source topographic and bathymetric elevation data collected at the time of processing. These products were created to support the development of dynamic flood models, but are also intended for reuse by...
In situ field data, Coastal Alaska, 2023 to 2025 (ver. 2.0, March 2026) In situ field data, Coastal Alaska, 2023 to 2025 (ver. 2.0, March 2026)
These field data such as first floor elevation and bathymetric surveys were collected to support development of coastal mapping products and advance storm response and recovery in Alaskan coastal communities. The data consists of essential community infrastructure elevation data to better understand flood exposure and support analysis of flood mitigation solutions, bathymetric surveys to...
Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model Nearshore wave time-series along the coast of Alaska computed with a numerical wave model
Alaska's Arctic coast has some of the highest erosion rates in the world. Erosion in the Arctic is primarily driven by permafrost thaw and wave activity. The warming climate decreases sea ice coverage, resulting in an increase in wave energy. To overcome the lack of available observational wave data in the nearshore, waves were downscaled with a numerical wave model (SWAN) utilizing...
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Globally, coastal communities experience flood hazards that are projected to worsen from climate change and sea level rise. The 100-year floodplain or record flood are commonly used to identify risk areas for planning purposes. Remote communities often lack measured flood elevations and require innovative approaches to estimate flood elevations. This study employs observation-based...
Authors
Richard Michael Buzard, Christopher V. Maio, Li H. Erikson, Jacquelyn R. Overbeck, Nicole E. M. Kinsman, Benjamin M. Jones
Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea Database and time series of nearshore waves along the Alaskan coast from the United States-Canada border to the Bering Sea
Alaska’s Arctic coast has some of the highest coastal erosion rates in the world, primarily driven by permafrost thaw and increasing wave energy. In the Arctic, a warming climate is driving sea ice cover to decrease in space and time. A lack of long-term observational wave data along Alaska’s coast challenges the ability of engineers, scientists, and planners to study and address threats...
Authors
Anita C. Engelstad, Li H. Erikson, Borja G. Reguero, Ann E. Gibbs, Kees Nederhoff
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Information about scientific data collected through field activities conducted by scientists in the USGS Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program.
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The Hazard Exposure and Reporting Analytics (HERA) website helps communities understand how natural hazards could impact their land, people, infrastructure, and livelihoods. HERA provides tools and data to help communities as they plan and prepare for natural hazards.
CoastSeg CoastSeg
CoastSeg is an interactive browser-based program that aims to broaden the adoption of satellite-derived shoreline (SDS) detection and coastal landcover mapping workflows among coastal scientists and coastal resource management practitioners. SDS is a sub-field of coastal sciences that aims to detect and post-process a time-series of shoreline locations from publicly available satellite...