Images

Schematic deposit model showing formation of hydrothermal Fe- and Mn-oxide deposits at depth along faults during the Neogene (∼8.5–4.8 Ma) from ascending hydrothermal fluids driven by frictional heating and other fault-related processes; the deposits may have experienced minor uplift along faults during the Neogene and Quaternary, and variably exposed as seaflo

Regional location map and bathymetry of the Arctic Ocean with the study area delineated by the black rectangle (Base map, IASC, 2004).

Photos of each substrate type upon collection. (A) Basalt; (B) Ferromanganese (FeMn) crust; (C) Sedimentary; and (D) Phosphorite rock.

Cascadia sparker data with ghosts removed, with annotation identifying geologic contacts, offset layers, and a submarine landslide deposit.

Example annotated images (left column) and resulting label images (right column) made using the software program Doodler (Buscombe et al., 2021). Spacing between ticks is 200 pixels.

Example aerial orthoimagery at a typical location (located in the middle reach of the Elwha River), showing the variation in color and brightness, as well as the nature of the channel, wood deposition, and bar growth.

Example model outputs for the first (2012-04-07) and last (2017-09-22) aerial survey from a selection of bars in the middle reach (MR) and lower reach (LR) of the Elwha River.

Diagram shows the paths that the sound travels away from the sparker source (black oval). The ghost reflections are shown in green and orange. PP= Primary Pulse, BP = Bubble Pulse. From the study Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data.

Animated GIF of fault zone outcrop from late Miocene–Pliocene period, Western Macedonia, Greece. Subsequent images are overlays that are offset with colors inverted, to simulate ghost reflections found in sparker seismic data.

Diagram of system designed to record signature of outgoing sparker source, from the study Practical approaches to maximizing the resolution of sparker seismic reflection data.

Example imagery revealing the sub-seafloor structure below a submarine landslide in the Santa Barbara Channel, offshore California. The base of the slide is traced in blue, and the near vertical black lines highlight shallow faults cutting through a zone of uplift located below the slide headscarp.   

Example sparker data from Cascadia Subduction Zone showing multiple ghost reflections that reduce the overall resolution of the image.

Cover of the Coastal Science Navigator Companion Guide. The guide introduces some of the many coastal change hazards-related products available through the USGS. In it, we showcase the products included in the Coastal Science Navigator’s initial publication in July 2023.

Diagram showing ROV images of sampling sites off the Southern California Borderland and map of study area, from the study Invertebrate trophic structure on marine ferromanganese and phosphorite hardgrounds.

Diana McCandless, an environmental specialist with the Washington State Department of Ecology, collecting topographic data on an all-terrain vehicle.

Paige Hovenga, former Graduate Research Assistant at Oregon State University, participating in a dawn topographic survey.

Kai Parker, USGS Oceanographer, navigates the surf zone on a personal watercraft during a bathymetric survey.

Personnel from Oregon State University launch a personal water craft into the surf zone during bathymetric surveys along the Washington coast.

USGS Oceanographer Andrew Stevens performing a topographic survey at the base of an eroding dune.

Maps of study area showing, A, extents of nested wave model grids (Tiers 1-3), locations of bathymetric and topographic survey lines, wave buoys, and tide gauges. Black boxes provide the locations of the detail areas shown in B-C. B-C, Maps showing bathymetry of the engineered inlets of B, Grays Harbor, and C, the Columbia River.

USGS Research Chemist Hope Ianiri processing marine surface sediments aboard a research vessel.