Publications

River-bed scour is a major source of damage to bridge piers and bridge abutments. When scour depth exceeds design limits, the supporting material around the footings is washed away and the structure becomes unstable. Equations for predicting scour-depth show a significant lack of agreement so portable equipment for measuring scour is needed. This report discusses the design of an...

Five aquifers in crystalline rocks of Archean and Proterozoic age in Minnesota include in descending order the North Shore Volcanic, Sioux Quartzite, Proterozoic metasedimentary, Biwabik Iron formation and undifferentiated Precambrian aquifers. The North Shore Volcanic aquifer generally yields 15 gal/min to wells from interflow sediments and fractures in the basaltic lava flows along the...

Four small tributaries of the Galena River Madden Branch tributary, Pats Creek, Apple River, and Madden Branch that drain nonpoint agricultural sources and that receive no significant point-source discharges were monitored from October 1980 through September 1982 to determine water quality. Streamflow in the tributaries during the 1981 water year was about 25 percent below normal and...

Quaternary glacial deposits and Pennsylvanian and Mississippian sandstones, -the Saginaw Formation and Marshall Sandstone- are the major aquifers in the Michigan basin. These aquifers supply approximately 188 million gal/day to municipalities in the 29 ,000 sq mi study area. The most significant problems related to groundwater supplies are the identification of potable sources of...

Water-resources activities in the Minnesota District included 26 projects in 1985. The report describes the projects which were funded by 9 local and 6 State agencies, by the U.S. Geological Survey, and by 10 other Federal agencies.

The extended abstracts in this volume are summaries of the papers presented orally and as posters in the second V. E. McKelvey Forum on Mineral and Energy Resources, entitled "USGS Research on Energy Resources-1986." The Forum has been established to improve communication between the USGS and the earth science community by presenting the results of current USGS research on nonrenewable...

The Red River-Winnipeg aquifer of Ordovician age occupies a depression in the Proterozoic crystalline bedrock of northwestern Minnesota. The Winnipeg Formation, which underlies the Red River Formation, consists of two units: A lower shaley mudstone and an upper medium-grained sandstone. The Red River Formation consists of a lower dolomitic, dark-gray limestone and upper, slightly less...

Confined-drift aquifers in a 1,380-square-mile area of western Minnesota range in thickness from less than 10 feet to 114 feet. Transmissivities range from less than 1,000 square feet per day to over 16,000 square feet per day and theoretical well yields range from less than 100 gallons per minute to more than 1,800 gallons per minute. Regional ground water flow in the confined-drift...

The Silurian dolomite aquifer in the Lannon-Sussex area of southeastern Wisconsin is overlain by glacial deposits, but is within 8 ft of the land surface over 15% of the study area. The proximity of the dolomite aquifer to the land surface makes it susceptible to contamination from man 's activities. Water from the aquifer was analyzed and several characteristics were monitored in a 30...

Equations for estimating magnitude and frequency of floods for Wisconsin streams with drainage basins containing various amounts of existing or projected urban development were developed by flood-frequency and multiple-regression analyses. Multiple-regression techniques were used to develop equations for estimating flood frequencies at ungaged urban sites. The flood-frequency equations...

The U.S. Geological Survey is modeling hydraulic flow and thermal-energy transport at a two-well injection/ withdrawal system in St. Paul, Minnesota. The design of the finite-difference model grid for the doublet-well system is complicated because the aquifer is anisotropic and the principal axes of transmissivity are not aligned with the axis between the two wells. An analytical...

No abstract available.