Water-use information is essential for managing Wisconsin's valuable water resources. This critical information includes knowing how much, where, and for what purpose water is being used. The USGS works in cooperation with local, state, and federal environmental agencies to collect water-use information, and compiles and disseminates aggregated data at the county, state, and national level.
Wisconsin encompasses more than 56,000 mi2, of which 15 percent is covered by water. The State has three principal aquifer systems, more than 15,000 lakes, 32,000 miles of rivers and streams, and borders two Great Lakes—Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. The abundant water resources have been important to the history of Wisconsin and the development of its agricultural and industrial livelihoods. However, this development can and has affected future water availability in parts of the State as seen by declining water levels and reductions in water quality.
This has led to recent legislative activity creating groundwater protection areas and the establishment of two groundwater management areas. This legislation also created a water-use reporting program that mandates the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) to protect and manage Wisconsin’s water resources. The USGS, through the National Water-Use Information Program, is responsible for compiling and disseminating the nation's water-use data. These data provide critical information used by decision-makers in meeting current and future water supply demands, as well as assist them in sustaining these water resources. The USGS works in cooperation with local, state, and federal environmental agencies to collect water-use information, and compiles these data to produce water-use information aggregated at the county, state, and national levels.
Why is water-use information important?
Access to water-use information - which includes how much, where, and for what purpose water is being used - is essential for water-resources planners and managers, as well as environmental scientists. This information is critical for:
- better planning and making informed decisions regarding water resources
- improving our understanding of the factors that influence water use and future demand
- identifying where it may be possible to improve water-use efficiency
- supporting ground-water modeling
WISCONSIN WATER-USE INFORMATION PROGRAM
The Wisconsin Water-Use Information Program (WI WUIP), part of the national USGS Water-Use Information Program, has a critical role in assessing how, where, and in what quantity water is used across the state. By better understanding water use in Wisconsin, the USGS can assist state and local agencies to meet current and future demands as well as assist in sustaining these water resources.
The WI WUIP investigates and collects data on:
- water use: quantifying how much, where, and for what purpose,
- water-use trends: tracking and documenting changes
Objectives
Specific objectives of the WI WUIP are to:
- Analyze the source, use, and disposition of water resources at local and state levels
- Reply to water-use data and information requests
- Document trends or existing and emerging issues in Wisconsin water use
- Cooperate with state and local agencies on projects of special interest
- Develop and maintain water-use data and records, including water-use databases
- Publish a Wisconsin water-use data report
- Provide expertise and explore uncertainty in various water-use topics
The WU WUIP also works to broaden the understanding of water use in Wisconsin by developing new and strengthening existing partnerships.
Current activities include:
- Setting up a water-use Data Exchange with the WDNR to facilitate data access for water resource studies and to improve our understanding of Wisconsin water use
- Identifying resources and methodologies to help determine erroneous water-use data and quantify data uncertainty
- Compiling and summarizing the amount of ground- and surface water used in Wisconsin by county, watershed, and (new for 2010) aquifer system for the year 2010
- Developing and refining estimation methods used to quantify water use
- Water-use database testing for the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS)
- Preparing site-specific data for NWIS to support a National Water Census
- Look for opportunities to elevate the science of water use to foster water conservation and sustainability
Wisconsin Water Use 5-Year Compilations
As part of the National Water-Use Information Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collects, compiles, and estimates data for different categories of water use. Information about sources of water, amounts of water withdrawn, and how the water was used, is available to those involved in establishing water-resource policy and to those managing water resources. Every five years, data at the county level are compiled into a national water-use data system and state-level data are published. (Learn more about water-use terminology and water data acquisition.)
Since reporting started in 1950, the methods scientists use to collect water use data and create estimates has changed. In some years, not all categories, counties, or sources of water use were available for compilation into the Wisconsin reports. Use the table below to determine what categories were compiled into the USGS "Water Use in Wisconsin" report of that year.
Non-USGS water-use publications
(See the Publications tab above for links to other official USGS publications.)
National Research Council, 2002, Estimating water use in the United States—A new paradigm for the National Water Use Information Program: Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 176 p.
Other water-use resources
Water use – Sustaining Wisconsin’s water wealth (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources)
Water-Use Open Forum (USGS Water-Use Data and Research Program)
National Water Census (USGS)
Regional Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Glacial Aquifer System (USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program)
The Upper Midwest Water Science Center conducts water resource investigations that frequently incorporate a water-use component. The majority of these investigations integrate water-use data into the construction of a hydrologic model, which is used to evaluate the impact of water use on water budgets, ground-water-flow paths, and baseflow contribution to surface-water features. Below is a table of projects that have a water-use component.
Location | Title | Cooperator | Status |
---|---|---|---|
U.S. | User testing of National Water Information System (NWIS) water-use databases | USGS | In progress |
Wisconsin | Wisconsin five-year water-use data compilation | Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Public Service Commission | In progress |
Wisconsin | Wisconsin Development of the USGS Site-specific Water Use Data System for Public Supply | USGS National Water Census | In progress |
U.S. | National Development of the USGS Site-specific Water Use Data System for Public Supply (project liason) | USGS National Water Census | In progress |
Wisconsin | USGS Water-Use Data and Research Program State Facilitator to improve Wisconsin water-use data | Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Public Service Commission, and Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey | In progress |
Wisconsin | Wisconsin Water-Use Data Exchange | Environmental Information Exchange Network, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources | In progress |
U.S. (glaciated region) | Glacial principal aquifer system study with focus on public and domestic water supplies | USGS, Department of Interior WaterSMART | In progress |
Counties of Southern Wisconsin | Water Use of Southern Wisconsin 1864-2012 | Illinios State Water Survey | Completed in 2015 |
Central Sand Plains of Wisconsin | Little Plover River water use | Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey | Completed in 2015 |
Ashland/Iron/Bayfield Counties | Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Bad River Watershed | Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa | Completed in 2015 |
Outagamie County | Site evaluation of two proposed water-supply wells | Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin | Completed in 2015 |
Sheboygan County | Water use and future supply options for Kettle Moraine Springs Fish Hatchery | Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources | Completed in 2014 |
Northeastern Wisconsin | Fox-Wolf-Pestigo River Basins water-use by principal aquifer system 1864-2012 | USGS | Completed in 2014 |
Menominee County | Menominee & Stockbridge-Munsee groundwater model and use | Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin | Completed in 2013 |
Chippewa County | Groundwater model of the western area of Chippewa County with focus non-metallic mining and irrigation impacts | Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Chippewa County | Completed in 2013 |
Columbia County | Columbia County groundwater model | Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey | Completed in 2013 |
Bayfield County | Red Cliff Indian Reservation groundwater model | Red Cliff Tribe | Completed in 2013 |
Dane County | Update of Dane County groundwater model and protection plan | Capital Area Regional Planning Commission, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey | Completed in 2012 |
Waukesha County | Upper Fox River watershed inset grid evaluating the role of riverbank filtration and land use management | University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, The Brico Fund | Completed in 2012 |
Northeast Illinois (but data needed for southeast Wisconsin) | Regional-scale groundwater model for McHenry County, Illinois | Illinios State Water Survey, USGS | Completed in 2011 |
Great Lakes Basin (includes Wisconsin and Illinois) | National Assessment of Water Availability and Use: Great Lakes Water Availability Pilot | USGS | Completed in 2010 |
Wisconsin | Water use database development & related activities for Great Lakes Compact implementation | Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources | Completed in 2010 |
Wisconsin | Protecting Wisconsin's Groundwater Through Comprehensive Planning | University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Center for Land Use Education | Completed in 2008, update in 2013 |
Southcentral and southeastern Wisconsin | Rock River Basin groundwater model | Rock River Coalition | Completed in 2008 |
Waukesha County | Village of Chenequa inset model of a regional groundwater model | Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Village of Chenequa, Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission | Completed in 2008 |
Sauk and Waukesha Counties | Groundwater sustainability in a Humid Climate: Groundwater Pumping, Groundwater Consumption, and Land-Use Change | Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, National Institutes for Water Resources | Completed in 2007 |
Southeastern Wisconsin | Regional water supply plan and groundwater model: 2010 to 2035 | Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission | Completed in 2007 |
Washburn County | Shell Lake groundwater model | City of Shell Lake, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources | Completed in 2007 |
Pierce, St. Croix, and Polk Counties | Tri-County groundwater model | County Governments | Completed in 2006 |
Northwest Wisconsin and Northeast Minnesota | St. Croix River Basin screening model for simulating regional froundwater flow | National Park Service | Completed in 2003 |
Below are multimedia items associated with this project.
Below are publications associated with this project.
Summary of estimated water use in the United States in 2010
Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010
Withdrawal and consumption of water by thermoelectric power plants in the United States, 2010
Methods for estimating water consumption for thermoelectric power plants in the United States
Estimating Monthly Water Withdrawals, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use in the Great Lakes Basin
Estimation of groundwater use for a groundwater-flow model of the Lake Michigan Basin and adjacent areas, 1864-2005
Variations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004
Water Availability--The Connection Between Water Use and Quality
Facing tomorrow’s challenges—U.S. Geological Survey science in the decade 2007–2017
Concepts for national assessment of water availability and use
Water use in Wisconsin, 2000
Water Use in Wisconsin, 1995
Below are partners associated with this project.
- Overview
Water-use information is essential for managing Wisconsin's valuable water resources. This critical information includes knowing how much, where, and for what purpose water is being used. The USGS works in cooperation with local, state, and federal environmental agencies to collect water-use information, and compiles and disseminates aggregated data at the county, state, and national level.
Wisconsin total water withdrawals by water-use category, excluding thermoelectric-power generation, 2010. Wisconsin encompasses more than 56,000 mi2, of which 15 percent is covered by water. The State has three principal aquifer systems, more than 15,000 lakes, 32,000 miles of rivers and streams, and borders two Great Lakes—Lake Michigan and Lake Superior. The abundant water resources have been important to the history of Wisconsin and the development of its agricultural and industrial livelihoods. However, this development can and has affected future water availability in parts of the State as seen by declining water levels and reductions in water quality.
This has led to recent legislative activity creating groundwater protection areas and the establishment of two groundwater management areas. This legislation also created a water-use reporting program that mandates the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) to protect and manage Wisconsin’s water resources. The USGS, through the National Water-Use Information Program, is responsible for compiling and disseminating the nation's water-use data. These data provide critical information used by decision-makers in meeting current and future water supply demands, as well as assist them in sustaining these water resources. The USGS works in cooperation with local, state, and federal environmental agencies to collect water-use information, and compiles these data to produce water-use information aggregated at the county, state, and national levels.
Why is water-use information important?
Access to water-use information - which includes how much, where, and for what purpose water is being used - is essential for water-resources planners and managers, as well as environmental scientists. This information is critical for:
- better planning and making informed decisions regarding water resources
- improving our understanding of the factors that influence water use and future demand
- identifying where it may be possible to improve water-use efficiency
- supporting ground-water modeling
WISCONSIN WATER-USE INFORMATION PROGRAM
The Wisconsin Water-Use Information Program (WI WUIP), part of the national USGS Water-Use Information Program, has a critical role in assessing how, where, and in what quantity water is used across the state. By better understanding water use in Wisconsin, the USGS can assist state and local agencies to meet current and future demands as well as assist in sustaining these water resources.
The WI WUIP investigates and collects data on:
- water use: quantifying how much, where, and for what purpose,
- water-use trends: tracking and documenting changes
Objectives
Specific objectives of the WI WUIP are to:- Analyze the source, use, and disposition of water resources at local and state levels
- Reply to water-use data and information requests
- Document trends or existing and emerging issues in Wisconsin water use
- Cooperate with state and local agencies on projects of special interest
- Develop and maintain water-use data and records, including water-use databases
- Publish a Wisconsin water-use data report
- Provide expertise and explore uncertainty in various water-use topics
The WU WUIP also works to broaden the understanding of water use in Wisconsin by developing new and strengthening existing partnerships.
Current activities include:
- Setting up a water-use Data Exchange with the WDNR to facilitate data access for water resource studies and to improve our understanding of Wisconsin water use
- Identifying resources and methodologies to help determine erroneous water-use data and quantify data uncertainty
- Compiling and summarizing the amount of ground- and surface water used in Wisconsin by county, watershed, and (new for 2010) aquifer system for the year 2010
- Developing and refining estimation methods used to quantify water use
- Water-use database testing for the USGS National Water Information System (NWIS)
- Preparing site-specific data for NWIS to support a National Water Census
- Look for opportunities to elevate the science of water use to foster water conservation and sustainability
Wisconsin Water Use 5-Year Compilations
As part of the National Water-Use Information Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collects, compiles, and estimates data for different categories of water use. Information about sources of water, amounts of water withdrawn, and how the water was used, is available to those involved in establishing water-resource policy and to those managing water resources. Every five years, data at the county level are compiled into a national water-use data system and state-level data are published. (Learn more about water-use terminology and water data acquisition.)
Since reporting started in 1950, the methods scientists use to collect water use data and create estimates has changed. In some years, not all categories, counties, or sources of water use were available for compilation into the Wisconsin reports. Use the table below to determine what categories were compiled into the USGS "Water Use in Wisconsin" report of that year.
File icon Water use: available compilation categories for historical "Water Use in Wisconsin" reportsProportion of ground- and surface-water withdrawals by water-use category in Wisconsin, 2010. Non-irrigational agricultural combines water-use estimates for livestock and aquaculture. All categories except public supply describe self-supplied withdrawals. Non-USGS water-use publications
(See the Publications tab above for links to other official USGS publications.)
National Research Council, 2002, Estimating water use in the United States—A new paradigm for the National Water Use Information Program: Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 176 p.
Other water-use resources
Water use – Sustaining Wisconsin’s water wealth (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources)
Water-Use Open Forum (USGS Water-Use Data and Research Program)
National Water Census (USGS)
Regional Assessment of Groundwater Quality in the Glacial Aquifer System (USGS National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program)The Upper Midwest Water Science Center conducts water resource investigations that frequently incorporate a water-use component. The majority of these investigations integrate water-use data into the construction of a hydrologic model, which is used to evaluate the impact of water use on water budgets, ground-water-flow paths, and baseflow contribution to surface-water features. Below is a table of projects that have a water-use component.
Location Title Cooperator Status U.S. User testing of National Water Information System (NWIS) water-use databases USGS In progress Wisconsin Wisconsin five-year water-use data compilation Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and Public Service Commission In progress Wisconsin Wisconsin Development of the USGS Site-specific Water Use Data System for Public Supply USGS National Water Census In progress U.S. National Development of the USGS Site-specific Water Use Data System for Public Supply (project liason) USGS National Water Census In progress Wisconsin USGS Water-Use Data and Research Program State Facilitator to improve Wisconsin water-use data Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Public Service Commission, and Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey In progress Wisconsin Wisconsin Water-Use Data Exchange Environmental Information Exchange Network, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources In progress U.S. (glaciated region) Glacial principal aquifer system study with focus on public and domestic water supplies USGS, Department of Interior WaterSMART In progress Counties of Southern Wisconsin Water Use of Southern Wisconsin 1864-2012 Illinios State Water Survey Completed in 2015 Central Sand Plains of Wisconsin Little Plover River water use Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Completed in 2015 Ashland/Iron/Bayfield Counties Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Bad River Watershed Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Completed in 2015 Outagamie County Site evaluation of two proposed water-supply wells Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin Completed in 2015 Sheboygan County Water use and future supply options for Kettle Moraine Springs Fish Hatchery Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Completed in 2014 Northeastern Wisconsin Fox-Wolf-Pestigo River Basins water-use by principal aquifer system 1864-2012 USGS Completed in 2014 Menominee County Menominee & Stockbridge-Munsee groundwater model and use Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin Completed in 2013 Chippewa County Groundwater model of the western area of Chippewa County with focus non-metallic mining and irrigation impacts Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, Chippewa County Completed in 2013 Columbia County Columbia County groundwater model Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Completed in 2013 Bayfield County Red Cliff Indian Reservation groundwater model Red Cliff Tribe Completed in 2013 Dane County Update of Dane County groundwater model and protection plan Capital Area Regional Planning Commission, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey Completed in 2012 Waukesha County Upper Fox River watershed inset grid evaluating the role of riverbank filtration and land use management University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, The Brico Fund Completed in 2012 Northeast Illinois (but data needed for southeast Wisconsin) Regional-scale groundwater model for McHenry County, Illinois Illinios State Water Survey, USGS Completed in 2011 Great Lakes Basin (includes Wisconsin and Illinois) National Assessment of Water Availability and Use: Great Lakes Water Availability Pilot USGS Completed in 2010 Wisconsin Water use database development & related activities for Great Lakes Compact implementation Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Completed in 2010 Wisconsin Protecting Wisconsin's Groundwater Through Comprehensive Planning University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Center for Land Use Education Completed in 2008, update in 2013 Southcentral and southeastern Wisconsin Rock River Basin groundwater model Rock River Coalition Completed in 2008 Waukesha County Village of Chenequa inset model of a regional groundwater model Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Village of Chenequa, Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Completed in 2008 Sauk and Waukesha Counties Groundwater sustainability in a Humid Climate: Groundwater Pumping, Groundwater Consumption, and Land-Use Change Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, National Institutes for Water Resources Completed in 2007 Southeastern Wisconsin Regional water supply plan and groundwater model: 2010 to 2035 Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission Completed in 2007 Washburn County Shell Lake groundwater model City of Shell Lake, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Completed in 2007 Pierce, St. Croix, and Polk Counties Tri-County groundwater model County Governments Completed in 2006 Northwest Wisconsin and Northeast Minnesota St. Croix River Basin screening model for simulating regional froundwater flow National Park Service Completed in 2003 - Multimedia
Below are multimedia items associated with this project.
- Publications
Below are publications associated with this project.
Filter Total Items: 17Summary of estimated water use in the United States in 2010
About 355,000 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water was withdrawn for use in the United States during 2010, a decline of 13 percent from 2005 and a substantial change from the level of about 400,000 Mgal/d reported from 1985 to 2005. Withdrawals for 2010 were lower than withdrawals estimated for 1970. Fresh surface-water withdrawals (230,000 Mgal/d) were almost 15 percent less than in 2005, anAuthorsNancy L. BarberEstimated use of water in the United States in 2010
Water use in the United States in 2010 was estimated to be about 355 billion gallons per day (Bgal/d), which was 13 percent less than in 2005. The 2010 estimates put total withdrawals at the lowest level since before 1970. Freshwater withdrawals were 306 Bgal/d, or 86 percent of total withdrawals, and saline-water withdrawals were 48.3 Bgal/d, or 14 percent of total withdrawals. Fresh surface-wateAuthorsMolly A. Maupin, Joan F. Kenny, Susan S. Hutson, John K. Lovelace, Nancy L. Barber, Kristin S. LinseyWithdrawal and consumption of water by thermoelectric power plants in the United States, 2010
Estimates of water use at thermoelectric plants were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey based on linked heat and water budgets, and complement reported thermoelectric water withdrawals and consumption. The heat- and water-budget models produced withdrawal and consumption estimates, including thermodynamically plausible ranges of minimum and maximum withdrawal and consumption, for 1,290 water-AuthorsTimothy H. Diehl, Melissa A. HarrisMethods for estimating water consumption for thermoelectric power plants in the United States
Water consumption at thermoelectric power plants represents a small but substantial share of total water consumption in the U.S. However, currently available thermoelectric water consumption data are inconsistent and incomplete, and coefficients used to estimate consumption are contradictory. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has resumed the estimation of thermoelectric water consumption, last donAuthorsTimothy H. Diehl, Melissa Harris, Jennifer C. Murphy, Susan S. Hutson, David E. LaddEstimating Monthly Water Withdrawals, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use in the Great Lakes Basin
Water-resource managers and planners require water-withdrawal, return-flow, and consumptive-use data to understand how anthropogenic (human) water use affects the hydrologic system. Water models like MODFLOW and GSFLOW use calculations and input values (including water-withdrawal and return flow data) to simulate and predict the effects of water use on aquifer and stream conditions. Accurate assesAuthorsKimberly H. Shaffer, Rosemary S. StenbackEstimation of groundwater use for a groundwater-flow model of the Lake Michigan Basin and adjacent areas, 1864-2005
The U.S. Geological Survey, at the request of Congress, is assessing the availability and use of the Nation's water resources to help characterize how much water is available now, how water availability is changing, and how much water can be expected to be available in the future. The Great Lakes Basin Pilot project of the U.S. Geological Survey national assessment of water availability and use foAuthorsCheryl A. Buchwald, Carol L. Luukkonen, Cynthia M. RacholVariations in Withdrawal, Return Flow, and Consumptive Use of Water in Ohio and Indiana, with Selected Data from Wisconsin, 1999-2004
This report contains an analysis of water withdrawal and return-flow data for Ohio and withdrawal data for Indiana and Wisconsin to compute consumptive-use coefficients and to describe monthly variability of withdrawals and consumptive use. Concurrent data were available for most water-use categories from 1999 through 2004. Average monthly water withdrawals are discussed for a variety of water-useAuthorsKimberly H. ShafferWater Availability--The Connection Between Water Use and Quality
Water availability has become a high priority in the United States, in large part because competition for water is becoming more intense across the Nation. Population growth in many areas competes with demands for water to support irrigation and power production. Cities, farms, and power plants compete for water needed by aquatic ecosystems to support their minimum flow requirements. At the same tAuthorsRobert M. Hirsch, Pixie A. Hamilton, Timothy L. Miller, Donna N. MyersFacing tomorrow’s challenges—U.S. Geological Survey science in the decade 2007–2017
Executive SummaryIn order for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to respond to evolving national and global priorities, it must periodically reflect on, and optimize, its strategic directions. This report is the first comprehensive science strategy since the early 1990s to examine critically major USGS science goals and priorities.The development of this science strategy comes at a time of global tAuthorsConcepts for national assessment of water availability and use
In response to a directive from Congress to the U.S. Geological Survey to 'prepare a report describing the scope and magnitude of the efforts needed to provide periodic assessments of the status and trends in the availability and use of freshwater resources,' of the United States, a program is proposed to develop and report on indicators of the status and trends in storage volume, flow rates, andAuthorsWater use in Wisconsin, 2000
As part of the National Water-Use Information Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stores water-use data in standardized format for different catego ries of water use. Information about amounts of water withdrawn, sources of wa ter, how the water was used, and how much water was returned is available to those involved in establishing water-resource policy and to those managing water resourceAuthorsB.R. Ellefson, C.D. Mueller, C.A. BuchwaldWater Use in Wisconsin, 1995
As part of the National Water-Use Information Program, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stores water-use data in standardized format for different categories of water use. The data base (Site Specific Water Use Data System) is updated annually or as more current water-use information becomes available. Information about amounts of water withdrawn, sources of water, how the water was used, and howAuthorsB.R. Ellefson, C.H. Fan, J.L. Ripley - Partners
Below are partners associated with this project.