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Book Chapters

Browse more than 5,500 book chapters authored by our scientists over the past 100+ year history of the USGS and refine search by topic, location, year, and advanced search.

Filter Total Items: 6197

Predictive double-layer modeling of metal sorption in mine-drainage systems Predictive double-layer modeling of metal sorption in mine-drainage systems

Previous comparison of predictive double-layer modeling and empirically derived metal-partitioning data has validated the use of the double-layer model to predict metal sorption reactions in iron-rich mine-drainage systems. The double-layer model subsequently has been used to model data collected from several mine-drainage sites in Colorado with diverse geochemistry and geology. This...
Authors
K. S. Smith, J. F. Ranville, D.L. Macalady

Environmental modification of gillraker number in coregonine fishes Environmental modification of gillraker number in coregonine fishes

Gillraker number, one of the most important taxonomic characters in the Coregoninae, has been considered genetically determined and not environmentally modifiable. However, laboratory-reared progeny of Coregonus alpenae, C. artedi, C. clupeaformis, C. hoyi, C. kiyi, C. zenithicus, and Prosopium cylindraceum generally had fewer gillrakers than the wild parents from which eggs were taken...
Authors
Thomas N. Todd

Fundamentals of isotope geochemistry Fundamentals of isotope geochemistry

The dominant use of isotopes in catchment research in the last few decades has been to trace sources of waters and solutes. Generally, such data were evaluated with simple mixing models to determine how much was derived from either of the two (sometimes three) constant-composition sources. This chapter illustrates the environmental isotopes that are natural and anthropogenic isotopes...
Authors
Carol Kendall, Eric A. Caldwell

Isotopes as indicators of environmental change Isotopes as indicators of environmental change

In addition to providing an understanding of processes within a catchment system, isotopic techniques have been instrumental in providing reconstructions of catchment climate and other environmental indicators at various time scales. Many recent changes are a direct consequence of anthropogenic activities. Isotopic analysis serves as a valuable tool for distinguishing between natural...
Authors
James B. Shanley, Elise Pendall, Carol Kendall, Lora R. Stevens, Robert L. Michel, Patrick J. Phillips, Richard Forester, David L. Naftz, Beiling Liu, Libby Stern, Brent B. Wolfe, C. Page Chamberlain, Steven W. Leavitt, T. H. Heaton, Bernhard Mayer, L. DeWayne Cecil, W. Berry Lyons, Brian G. Katz, Julio L. Betancourt, Diane M. McKnight, Joel D. Blum, Thomas W.D. Edwards, Harold R. House, Emi Ito, Ramon O. Aravena, Joseph F. Whelan

Using transport model interpretations of tracer tests to study microbial processes in groundwater Using transport model interpretations of tracer tests to study microbial processes in groundwater

It has long been known that microorganisms affect the geochemistry of groundwater. But despite this recognition, little detailed information is available regarding the rates and the factors controlling microbial processes in groundwater. Part of the reason stems from the relatively inaccessible nature of most groundwater and the difficulties encountered in obtaining representative...
Authors
Richard L. Smith, Stephen P. Garabedian

A ponderosa pine natural area reveals its secrets A ponderosa pine natural area reveals its secrets

Monument Canyon Research Natural Area preserves an unlogged 259-hectare stand of old-growth ponderosa pine in the Jemez Mountains of New Mexico. This preserve, established in 1932, is the oldest research natural area in the state. This two-tiered forest displays an old-growth density of 100 stems per hectare (Muldavin et al. 1995), with an understory thicket of stagnant saplings and...
Authors
Craig D. Allen
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