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Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland

The volcanic island Surtsey, off the south coast of Iceland, was created by volcanic activity in 1963–1967. Core from a 181-m-deep hole extending 123 m below sea level shows the results of 12 yr of hydrothermal alteration of basaltic tephra. The primary cause of heating of the tephra and of development of the hydrothermal system was the intrusion of dikes below sea level. At present, the...
Authors
S. P. Jakobsson, James G. Moore

Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 1. Theoretical dynamics and the steady datum state Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 1. Theoretical dynamics and the steady datum state

Unsteady, nonuniform motion of persistently active landslides is a process of widespread importance. A general, three-dimensional theory aimed at elucidating this process is developed from physical principles and field measurements of landslide behavior. The theory employs a versatile constitutive model that represents landslides as deformable bodies composed of frictional, nonlinear...
Authors
Richard M. Iverson

Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta Ice volumes on Cascade Volcanoes: Mount Rainier, Mount Hood, Three Sisters, and Mount Shasta

During the eruptions of Mount St. Helens the occurrence of floods and mudflows made apparent the need for predictive water-hazard analysis of other Cascade volcanoes. A basic requirement for such analysis is information about the volumes and distributions of snow and ice on other volcanoes. A radar unit contained in a backpack was used to make point measurements of ice thickness on major...
Authors
Carolyn L. Driedger, Paul M. Kennard
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