Publications
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Evolution of summit magma pressure during the 2018 caldera collapse at Kılauea volcano Evolution of summit magma pressure during the 2018 caldera collapse at Kılauea volcano
We utilized geodetic data from the 16 May to 4 August 2018 caldera collapse sequence to refine the geometries and pressure evolution of two summit reservoirs at Kīlauea volcano: the shallower Halema‘uma‘u (HMM) and deeper South Caldera (SC) reservoirs. We modeled magma reservoirs as pressurized spheroidal cavities and constrained reservoir geometries with Global Positioning System (GPS)...
Authors
Eric Berg, Taiyi A. Wang, Elizabeth Wig, Paul Segall, Kyle Anderson
Microgravity measurements spanning 2019–2022 indicate no change in magma supply or storage during Kilauea's reawakening Microgravity measurements spanning 2019–2022 indicate no change in magma supply or storage during Kilauea's reawakening
After more than 2 years of quiescence following its major 2018 flank lava effusion and summit caldera collapse, Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi, returned to frequent eruptive activity in late 2020. Microgravity measurements from the summit region in 2019 and 2022 span this reawakening and indicate a gravity increase of up to hundreds of microgals near the center of the summit caldera. Much of this...
Authors
Michael P. Poland, Elske de Zeeuw-van Dalfsen, Marco Bagnardi, Ashton F. Flinders, Ingrid A. Johanson, Andria P. Ellis, Michael H. Zoeller
Geophysical insights into Kīlauea’s eruptive reawakening after its 2018 eruption and caldera collapse Geophysical insights into Kīlauea’s eruptive reawakening after its 2018 eruption and caldera collapse
A little more than two years after the destructive 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption and summit collapse ended, renewed volcanic activity began at Kīlauea volcano, Hawaiʻi. During 2020–2025, activity at the volcano included six eruptions in the summit caldera, one in the Southwest Rift Zone, and one in the middle East Rift Zone, as well as multiple non-eruptive intrusions in all three...
Authors
Andria P. Ellis, Michael P. Poland, Ingrid A. Johanson, Marco Bagnardi, Jefferson C. Chang, Michael H. Zoeller
Erupted volume during the 2014–2023 Semisopochnoi unrest and eruption constrained by multi-platform InSAR and volcanic gas observations Erupted volume during the 2014–2023 Semisopochnoi unrest and eruption constrained by multi-platform InSAR and volcanic gas observations
Volcano deformation data provide important constraints on magma dynamics during volcanic unrest and eruptions. From these observations, we can estimate subsurface pressure changes and relate them to volume change in the reservoir. However, because magma and rock are compressible, this volume change cannot be directly equated with eruptive volume. When we combine geodetic analyses with...
Authors
Mario Angarita, Valerie Wasser, Ronni Grapenthin, Allan Lerner, Taryn Lopez, Revathy M. Parameswaran, John J. Lyons
Dismembering the Lava Creek Tuff, Yellowstone volcano Dismembering the Lava Creek Tuff, Yellowstone volcano
The youngest large explosive eruption of Yellowstone volcano generated the 0.63 Ma Lava Creek Tuff (LCT) ignimbrite and a voluminous, widespread fall deposit accompanying formation of Yellowstone Caldera. The tuff is conventionally divided into members A (LCT-A) and B (LCT-B), defined by a reversal in density/welding profiles and the presence of phenocrystic amphibole in LCT-A. Remapping...
Authors
Stacy L. Henderson, Madison L. Myers, Mark E. Stelten, Colin J.N. Wilson
Insights from more than a year of ongoing episodic lava fountaining at Kilauea Insights from more than a year of ongoing episodic lava fountaining at Kilauea
Episodic lava fountaining is rare globally, with only three occurrences from Kīlauea (Hawaii) since 1823. Beginning in December 2024, an eruption within the summit crater, Halemaʻumaʻu, has produced 52 fountaining episodes to date, each lasting typically for hours and separated by days to weeks. Although multiple mechanisms have been proposed, fundamental questions remain about how magma...
Authors
Ashton F. Flinders, Natalia I. Deligne, Ken Hon, Drew T. Downs, Kendra J. Lynn, Patricia A. Nadeau, Katie Mulliken, Jefferson C. Chang, Peter J. Dotray, Marco Bagnardi, Ingrid A. Johanson, Michael H. Zoeller, Kyle Anderson, Matthew R. Patrick, Christoph Kern, Christine Ruth Sealing, Michael P. Poland, David Alan Phillips, Michael Cappos, Liliana G. Desmither, Andria P. Ellis, Steven Fuke, Pauline N. Fukunaga, Madeline Kaliko Hawk, Thomas-Jon Kekoa Hiroaki Hoomanawanui, John David Jamora, Albert Keliiaimoku Kamake'eaina, Kevan Kamibayashi, William Tollett, Kody Rubio, Seth Soren Swaney, S. Miki Warren, Heather Brianne Winslow, Ninfa Lucia Bennington, Arthur Jolly, R.G. Adams, M. Decker, L. Forster, Elisabeth Gallant, Cheryl Gansecki, Richard W. Hazlett, B.F. Houghton, N. Kohagura, S. Lundblad, N.G. Pasqualon, K. Poepoe, Hannah Kelsay Neuman, C. Cauley, K. Wilde
Petrologic and geochemical characterization of the first year of the 2024–ongoing episodic Halemaumau eruption of Kilauea (Episodes 1–39) Petrologic and geochemical characterization of the first year of the 2024–ongoing episodic Halemaumau eruption of Kilauea (Episodes 1–39)
Kīlauea has been erupting episodically since December 23, 2024 (and is ongoing at the time of this writing in 2026) with two consistently active vents in Halema‘uma‘u producing lava fountains ranging in height from 40 to 540 m. In the first year of the eruption (through December 24, 2025, episode 39), the U.S. Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory collected 178 samples for...
Authors
Kendra J. Lynn, Drew T. Downs, Meghann F.I. Decker, Lichen Forster, Heather Brianne Winslow, Elisabeth Gallant, Emily Renee Johnson, Christina N. Cauley, Dawn Catherine Sweeney Ruth, Kamalani K. Poepoe, Allan Lerner, Holly Valgardson, Charlotte DeVitre, Penny E. Wieser, Michael H. Zoeller, Brianna Lopez, Steven P. Lundblad
An extensive and short-lived episode of mid-Holocene fayalite- bearing high-silica rhyolite eruptions at Mono Craters, California An extensive and short-lived episode of mid-Holocene fayalite- bearing high-silica rhyolite eruptions at Mono Craters, California
Having last erupted ~ 700 years ago, the Mono Craters volcanic chain is an active system with a history of explosive and effusive high-silica rhyolite eruptions. Approximately ~ 30 lava domes and flows range from ~ 42 to ~ 0.7 ka, form a ~ 15 km curvilinear trend, and change mineralogy (biotite-, orthopyroxene-, or fayalite-bearing) and crystallinity through time. However, the eruptive...
Authors
Genna Raine Chiaro, Jorge A. Vazquez, Judith Fierstein, Andrew T. Calvert, Shaul Hurwitz, Joel E. Robinson
2023 Volcanic activity in Alaska and the Northern Mariana Islands—Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory 2023 Volcanic activity in Alaska and the Northern Mariana Islands—Summary of events and response of the Alaska Volcano Observatory
No abstract available.
Authors
Jordan Edward Lubbers, Abigail M. Nastan, Matthew W. Loewen, David Fee, Darren Tan, Ronni Grapenthin, Skye Kushner, Tara Shreve, Matthew M. Haney, Kristi L. Wallace, Christopher F. Waythomas, John A. Power, Yitian Cheng, Aaron Wech, Hannah R. Dietterich
Volcanoes are mighty mountains Volcanoes are mighty mountains
Volcanoes are evidence of the remarkable journey of molten rock, which begins miles (kilometers) beneath our feet. What happens on magma’s ascent determines whether it erupts explosively (like Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980), oozes lava (like Mount St. Helens during its 2004–2008 dome-building event), or cools and crystallizes underground, never to erupt at all. This two-page...
Authors
Elizabeth G. Westby, Kimber Petersen, Sonja Melander
Pre-eruptive volatiles and magma storage depth for the 2018 eruption at Mount Veniaminof, Alaska Pre-eruptive volatiles and magma storage depth for the 2018 eruption at Mount Veniaminof, Alaska
Mount Veniaminof is a frequently active, open-system arc volcano on the Alaska Peninsula, part of the Alaska-Aleutian arc. Mount Veniaminof's September–December 2018 eruption began with small lava flows and culminated in a larger explosive event in November that produced a 450 km long continuous ash plume—one of the volcano's most significant ash-producing events in recently observed...
Authors
Ellyn G. Huggins, Phillipp Ruprecht, Matthew W. Loewen, M. Gavrilenko, R.J. Bodnar, M. Harlaux
An assessment of the quality of microanalysis of natural silicate glass using scanning electron microscope-based energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) An assessment of the quality of microanalysis of natural silicate glass using scanning electron microscope-based energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS)
The composition of volcanic glass records important clues into the origin and evolution of magmatic systems. However, the analysis of volcanic glass presents challenges when performed using electron-beam techniques, particularly due to Na mobility. While microanalysis of geological materials is usually performed using electron probe microanalyzer-based wavelength-dispersive spectrometry...
Authors
Guilherme A.R. Gualda, Alessandro Frontoni, Blake M. Wallrich, Lydia J. Harmon, Sarah L. Smithies, Genna Raine Chiaro, Ayla S. Pamukcu