JoJo Mangano
JoJo Mangano is a digital cartographer with the USGS Science Publishing Network (SPN). He uses his background in geology, hydrology, and GIS to produce geologic maps and cartographic illustrations for USGS publications.
Prior to joining the SPN, JoJo spent eight years as a hydrologist/geomorphologist with the USGS Oregon Water Science Center working on geomorphic, hydrologic, and mapping projects throughout the Pacific Northwest.
JoJo is co-located at the Washington Water Science Center in Tacoma, Washington.
Education and Certifications
M.S. Geosciences—Colorado State University
B.S. Geology—Western Washington University
Science and Products
Geomorphic and larval lamprey surveys in tributaries of the Umpqua River, Oregon
Interactions between geomorphic processes at multiple scales shape the distributions of habitats, species, and life stages that a river can support. Understanding these hierarchical processes may be helpful for proactive monitoring and restoration of native Western Brook Lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) in Pacific Northwest rivers. The...
Structure-from-motion datasets of Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, acquired during annual drawdown to streambed November 2016
The Middle Fork Willamette River basin encompasses 3,548 square kilometers of western Oregon and drains to the mainstem Willamette River. Fall Creek basin encompasses 653 square kilometers and drains to the Middle Fork Willamette River. In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated geomorphic responses of downstream river corridors to annual...
Continuous temperature measurements to assess upstream connection of off-channel features of the middle and upper Willamette River, Oregon, Summer, 2016
Temperature loggers were placed on the ground (n=4) and hung in the air (n=2) near the upstream connection point of four Willamette River off-channel features (side channels and alcoves) to assess timing and discharge conditions when these four off-channel features were inundated at the upstream end with flow from the main channel. Temperature readings indicate that the upstream end of...
Point measurements of temperature and water quality in the main channel and off-channel features of the lower reaches of the Willamette River, Clackamas River, Molalla River, and Johnson Creek, 2017
Water quality point measurements were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey along the lower Willamette River near the cities of Lake Oswego and Wilsonville, Oregon, as well as the lowest two kilometers of the Clackamas River, Molalla River, and Johnson Creek. These measurements were collected in the main channel and off-channel features on discreet dates from April through October of...
Water surface elevations recorded by submerged water level loggers in off-channel features of the middle and upper Willamette River, Oregon, Summer, 2016
Water surface elevations within seven Willamette River off-channel features (OCF; alcoves and side channels) were measured using submerged pressure transducers. Transducers were installed from late May through mid-October, 2016, when discharge of the Willamette River was between approximately 5,500 and 45,000 cubic feet per second at Salem, Oregon (USGS gage 14191000) and 3,500 to 17,500...
Point measurements of temperature and water quality in main-channel and off-channel features of the Willamette River, 2015-2016
Water quality point measurements were collected by the US Geological Survey within the main channel Willamette River and its off-channel features in the summer and autumn of 2015 and 2016. All measurements include location, time, temperature, and depth below water surface, while most also include specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH.
Boat-based river bathymetry and stream velocity on the upper Willamette River, Oregon, Spring 2015
River bathymetry and stream velocity measurements were collected in March 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, between Eugene and Corvallis. These surveys were collected over a small range of discharges using a real time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) on a motorboat while transecting at various cross sections along the...
Water surface elevations recorded by submerged pressure transducers along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, Spring, 2015
Water-surface elevations were recorded by submerged pressure transducers in Spring, 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, between Eugene and Corvallis. The water-surface elevations were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) at each pressure sensor location. These water-surface elevations were logged over a small range of discharges, from 4...
Boat-based water-surface cross sectional elevation surveys along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, March, 2015
The NASA SWOT satellite, which is scheduled for launch in 2020, will monitor the earths fresh water with better resolution and precision than what had previously been possible for a space-based platform. The primary SWOT measurements will be used to generate estimates of river discharge that are meant to obtain river fluxes globally at high accuracy and reach lengths of tens of...
Boat-based water surface elevation profiles along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, in March, 2015
Water surface elevation measurements were collected in the spring of 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, from Eugene to Corvallis. These surveys were collected using an RTK-GPS on a motorboat traveling on-plane down the river. These data sets were collected for equipment calibration and validation for the NASA AirSWOT mission, but serve as potential data sets for future...
Geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon
IntroductionThis is a 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles in the States of Washington and Oregon. The map area is within the Portland Basin and includes most of the city of Vancouver, Washington; parts of Clark County, Washington; and a small part of northwestern Multnomah County, Oregon. The Columbia...
Filter Total Items: 14
Eroding Cascadia— Sediment and solute transport and landscape denudation in western Oregon and northwestern California
Riverine measurements of sediment and solute transport give empirical basin-scale estimates of bed-load, suspended-sediment, and silicate-solute fluxes for 100,000 km2 of northwestern California and western Oregon. This spatially explicit sediment budget shows the multifaceted control of geology and physiography on the rates and processes of fluvial denudation. Bed-load transport is...
Authors
Jim E. O'Connor, Joseph F. Mangano, Daniel R. Wise, Joshua R. Roering
River network and reach‐scale controls on habitat for lamprey larvae in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon
This study developed a spatially explicit framework to support the conservation of Western Brook Lamprey Lampetra richardsoni and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon. This framework identified locations within the river network likely to support “potential burrowing habitat” for lamprey larvae based on geomorphic conditions and evaluated the overlap...
Authors
Krista Jones, Jason B. Dunham, Jim E. O'Connor, Mackenzie K. Keith, Joseph F. Mangano, Kelly Coates, Travis Mackie
Temperature and water-quality diversity and the effects of surface-water connection in off-channel features of the Willamette River, Oregon, 2015–16
Water-quality conditions (including temperature) in the Willamette River and many of its adjacent off-channel features, such as alcoves and side channels, were monitored between river miles 67 (near Salem, Oregon) and 168 (near Eugene, Oregon) during the summers of 2015 and 2016. One or more parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and [or] water depth)...
Authors
Cassandra D. Smith, Joseph F. Mangano, Stewart A. Rounds
Estimating river discharge with swath altimetry: A proof of concept using AirSWOT observations
The forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will provide global measurements of the free surface of large rivers, providing new opportunities for remote sensing‐derived estimates of river discharge in gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge algorithms have been developed and benchmarked using synthetic data but remain untested on real‐world swath...
Authors
Stephen Tuozzolo, Greg D. Lind, Brandon Overstreet, Joseph F. Mangano, Mark A Fonstad, M. Hagemann, R.P.M. Frasson, K Larnier, P.-A. Garambois, J. Monnier, M. Durand
Water temperature in tributaries, off-channel features, and main channel of the lower Willamette River, northwestern Oregon, summers 2016 and 2017
The U.S. Geological Survey collected continuous water-temperature data in select tributaries of the lowermost 80 kilometers (50 miles) of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon, during summers 2016 and 2017. Point measurements of water temperature and water quality (dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH) also were collected at multiple locations and depths within the river...
Authors
Joseph F. Mangano, David R. Piatt, Krista L. Jones, Stewart A. Rounds
Monitoring framework for evaluating hydrogeomorphic and vegetation responses to environmental flows in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, and Santiam River Basins, Oregon
This report summarizes a framework for monitoring hydrogeomorphic and vegetation responses to environmental flows in support of the Willamette Sustainable Rivers Program (SRP). The SRP is a partnership between The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to provide ecologically sustainable flows downstream of dams while still meeting human needs and...
Authors
J. Rose Wallick, Leslie B. Bach, Mackenzie K. Keith, Melissa Olson, Joseph F. Mangano, Krista L. Jones
Summary of environmental flow monitoring for the Sustainable Rivers Project on the Middle Fork Willamette and McKenzie Rivers, western Oregon, 2014–15
This report presents the results of an ongoing environmental flow monitoring study by The Nature Conservancy (TNC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and U.S. Geological Survey in support of the Sustainable Rivers Project (SRP) of TNC and USACE. The overarching goal of this study is to evaluate and characterize relations between streamflow, geomorphic processes, and black cottonwood...
Authors
Krista L. Jones, Joseph F. Mangano, J. Rose Wallick, Heather D. Bervid, Melissa Olson, Mackenzie K. Keith, Leslie Bach
Debris flow occurrence and sediment persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO
Debris flow magnitudes and frequencies are compared across the Upper Colorado River valley to assess influences on debris flow occurrence and to evaluate valley geometry effects on sediment persistence. Dendrochronology, field mapping, and aerial photographic analysis are used to evaluate whether a 19th century earthen, water-conveyance ditch has altered the regime of debris flow...
Authors
Kyle J Grimsley, Sara L. Rathburn, Jonathan M. Friedman, Joseph F. Mangano
Geologic and physiographic controls on bed-material yield, transport, and channel morphology for alluvial and bedrock rivers, western Oregon
The rivers of western Oregon have diverse forms and characteristics, with channel substrates ranging from continuous alluvial gravel to bare bedrock. Analysis of several measurable morphologic attributes of 24 valley reaches on 17 rivers provides a basis for comparing nonalluvial and alluvial channels. Key differences are that alluvial reaches have greater bar area, greater migration...
Authors
James E. O'Connor, Joseph F. Mangano, Scott A. Anderson, J. Rose Wallick, Krista L. Jones, Mackenzie K. Keith
Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon
This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Tillamook (drainage area 156 square kilometers [km2]), Trask (451 km2), Wilson (500 km2), Kilchis (169 km2), Miami (94 km2), and Nehalem (2,207 km2) Rivers along the northwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted in coopera-tion with the U.S. Army...
Authors
Krista L. Jones, Mackenzie K. Keith, Jim E. O'Connor, Joseph F. Mangano, J. Rose Wallick
An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon
The Santiam River is a tributary of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon and drains an area of 1,810 square miles. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates four dams in the basin, which are used primarily for flood control, hydropower production, recreation, and water-quality improvement. The Detroit and Big Cliff Dams were constructed in 1953 on the North Santiam River...
Authors
John C. Risley, J. Rose Wallick, Joseph F. Mangano, Krista L. Jones
Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon
This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Coquille River basin, which encompasses 2,745 km2 (square kilometers) of the southwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:The 115.4-km-long study area on the South Fork...
Authors
Krista L. Jones, Jim E. O'Connor, Mackenzie K. Keith, Joseph F. Mangano, J. Rose Wallick
Non-USGS Publications**
Mangano, J.F., 2014, Evaluating channel morphologic changes and bed-material transport using airborne LiDAR, upper Colorado River, Rocky Mountain National Park, CO [MS thesis]: Fort Collins, Colorado State University, 91 p.
Dragovich, J.D., Littke, H.A., Anderson, M.L., Hartog, R., Wessel, G.R., DuFrane, S.A., Walsh, T.J., MacDonald, J.H. Jr., Mangano, J.F., Cakir, R., 2009, Geologic map of the Snoqualmie 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Geologic Map GM-75, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
Geomorphic and larval lamprey surveys in tributaries of the Umpqua River, Oregon
Interactions between geomorphic processes at multiple scales shape the distributions of habitats, species, and life stages that a river can support. Understanding these hierarchical processes may be helpful for proactive monitoring and restoration of native Western Brook Lamprey (Lampetra richardsoni) and Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) in Pacific Northwest rivers. The...
Structure-from-motion datasets of Fall Creek Lake, Oregon, acquired during annual drawdown to streambed November 2016
The Middle Fork Willamette River basin encompasses 3,548 square kilometers of western Oregon and drains to the mainstem Willamette River. Fall Creek basin encompasses 653 square kilometers and drains to the Middle Fork Willamette River. In cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Geological Survey evaluated geomorphic responses of downstream river corridors to annual...
Continuous temperature measurements to assess upstream connection of off-channel features of the middle and upper Willamette River, Oregon, Summer, 2016
Temperature loggers were placed on the ground (n=4) and hung in the air (n=2) near the upstream connection point of four Willamette River off-channel features (side channels and alcoves) to assess timing and discharge conditions when these four off-channel features were inundated at the upstream end with flow from the main channel. Temperature readings indicate that the upstream end of...
Point measurements of temperature and water quality in the main channel and off-channel features of the lower reaches of the Willamette River, Clackamas River, Molalla River, and Johnson Creek, 2017
Water quality point measurements were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey along the lower Willamette River near the cities of Lake Oswego and Wilsonville, Oregon, as well as the lowest two kilometers of the Clackamas River, Molalla River, and Johnson Creek. These measurements were collected in the main channel and off-channel features on discreet dates from April through October of...
Water surface elevations recorded by submerged water level loggers in off-channel features of the middle and upper Willamette River, Oregon, Summer, 2016
Water surface elevations within seven Willamette River off-channel features (OCF; alcoves and side channels) were measured using submerged pressure transducers. Transducers were installed from late May through mid-October, 2016, when discharge of the Willamette River was between approximately 5,500 and 45,000 cubic feet per second at Salem, Oregon (USGS gage 14191000) and 3,500 to 17,500...
Point measurements of temperature and water quality in main-channel and off-channel features of the Willamette River, 2015-2016
Water quality point measurements were collected by the US Geological Survey within the main channel Willamette River and its off-channel features in the summer and autumn of 2015 and 2016. All measurements include location, time, temperature, and depth below water surface, while most also include specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and pH.
Boat-based river bathymetry and stream velocity on the upper Willamette River, Oregon, Spring 2015
River bathymetry and stream velocity measurements were collected in March 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, between Eugene and Corvallis. These surveys were collected over a small range of discharges using a real time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) on a motorboat while transecting at various cross sections along the...
Water surface elevations recorded by submerged pressure transducers along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, Spring, 2015
Water-surface elevations were recorded by submerged pressure transducers in Spring, 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, between Eugene and Corvallis. The water-surface elevations were surveyed by using a real-time kinematic global positioning system (RTK-GPS) at each pressure sensor location. These water-surface elevations were logged over a small range of discharges, from 4...
Boat-based water-surface cross sectional elevation surveys along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, March, 2015
The NASA SWOT satellite, which is scheduled for launch in 2020, will monitor the earths fresh water with better resolution and precision than what had previously been possible for a space-based platform. The primary SWOT measurements will be used to generate estimates of river discharge that are meant to obtain river fluxes globally at high accuracy and reach lengths of tens of...
Boat-based water surface elevation profiles along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, in March, 2015
Water surface elevation measurements were collected in the spring of 2015 along the upper Willamette River, Oregon, from Eugene to Corvallis. These surveys were collected using an RTK-GPS on a motorboat traveling on-plane down the river. These data sets were collected for equipment calibration and validation for the NASA AirSWOT mission, but serve as potential data sets for future...
Geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles, Clark County, Washington, and Multnomah County, Oregon
IntroductionThis is a 1:24,000-scale geologic map of the Vancouver and Orchards quadrangles and parts of the Portland and Mount Tabor quadrangles in the States of Washington and Oregon. The map area is within the Portland Basin and includes most of the city of Vancouver, Washington; parts of Clark County, Washington; and a small part of northwestern Multnomah County, Oregon. The Columbia...
Filter Total Items: 14
Eroding Cascadia— Sediment and solute transport and landscape denudation in western Oregon and northwestern California
Riverine measurements of sediment and solute transport give empirical basin-scale estimates of bed-load, suspended-sediment, and silicate-solute fluxes for 100,000 km2 of northwestern California and western Oregon. This spatially explicit sediment budget shows the multifaceted control of geology and physiography on the rates and processes of fluvial denudation. Bed-load transport is...
Authors
Jim E. O'Connor, Joseph F. Mangano, Daniel R. Wise, Joshua R. Roering
River network and reach‐scale controls on habitat for lamprey larvae in the Umpqua River Basin, Oregon
This study developed a spatially explicit framework to support the conservation of Western Brook Lamprey Lampetra richardsoni and Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon. This framework identified locations within the river network likely to support “potential burrowing habitat” for lamprey larvae based on geomorphic conditions and evaluated the overlap...
Authors
Krista Jones, Jason B. Dunham, Jim E. O'Connor, Mackenzie K. Keith, Joseph F. Mangano, Kelly Coates, Travis Mackie
Temperature and water-quality diversity and the effects of surface-water connection in off-channel features of the Willamette River, Oregon, 2015–16
Water-quality conditions (including temperature) in the Willamette River and many of its adjacent off-channel features, such as alcoves and side channels, were monitored between river miles 67 (near Salem, Oregon) and 168 (near Eugene, Oregon) during the summers of 2015 and 2016. One or more parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and [or] water depth)...
Authors
Cassandra D. Smith, Joseph F. Mangano, Stewart A. Rounds
Estimating river discharge with swath altimetry: A proof of concept using AirSWOT observations
The forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will provide global measurements of the free surface of large rivers, providing new opportunities for remote sensing‐derived estimates of river discharge in gaged and ungaged basins. SWOT discharge algorithms have been developed and benchmarked using synthetic data but remain untested on real‐world swath...
Authors
Stephen Tuozzolo, Greg D. Lind, Brandon Overstreet, Joseph F. Mangano, Mark A Fonstad, M. Hagemann, R.P.M. Frasson, K Larnier, P.-A. Garambois, J. Monnier, M. Durand
Water temperature in tributaries, off-channel features, and main channel of the lower Willamette River, northwestern Oregon, summers 2016 and 2017
The U.S. Geological Survey collected continuous water-temperature data in select tributaries of the lowermost 80 kilometers (50 miles) of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon, during summers 2016 and 2017. Point measurements of water temperature and water quality (dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH) also were collected at multiple locations and depths within the river...
Authors
Joseph F. Mangano, David R. Piatt, Krista L. Jones, Stewart A. Rounds
Monitoring framework for evaluating hydrogeomorphic and vegetation responses to environmental flows in the Middle Fork Willamette, McKenzie, and Santiam River Basins, Oregon
This report summarizes a framework for monitoring hydrogeomorphic and vegetation responses to environmental flows in support of the Willamette Sustainable Rivers Program (SRP). The SRP is a partnership between The Nature Conservancy (TNC) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to provide ecologically sustainable flows downstream of dams while still meeting human needs and...
Authors
J. Rose Wallick, Leslie B. Bach, Mackenzie K. Keith, Melissa Olson, Joseph F. Mangano, Krista L. Jones
Summary of environmental flow monitoring for the Sustainable Rivers Project on the Middle Fork Willamette and McKenzie Rivers, western Oregon, 2014–15
This report presents the results of an ongoing environmental flow monitoring study by The Nature Conservancy (TNC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and U.S. Geological Survey in support of the Sustainable Rivers Project (SRP) of TNC and USACE. The overarching goal of this study is to evaluate and characterize relations between streamflow, geomorphic processes, and black cottonwood...
Authors
Krista L. Jones, Joseph F. Mangano, J. Rose Wallick, Heather D. Bervid, Melissa Olson, Mackenzie K. Keith, Leslie Bach
Debris flow occurrence and sediment persistence, Upper Colorado River Valley, CO
Debris flow magnitudes and frequencies are compared across the Upper Colorado River valley to assess influences on debris flow occurrence and to evaluate valley geometry effects on sediment persistence. Dendrochronology, field mapping, and aerial photographic analysis are used to evaluate whether a 19th century earthen, water-conveyance ditch has altered the regime of debris flow...
Authors
Kyle J Grimsley, Sara L. Rathburn, Jonathan M. Friedman, Joseph F. Mangano
Geologic and physiographic controls on bed-material yield, transport, and channel morphology for alluvial and bedrock rivers, western Oregon
The rivers of western Oregon have diverse forms and characteristics, with channel substrates ranging from continuous alluvial gravel to bare bedrock. Analysis of several measurable morphologic attributes of 24 valley reaches on 17 rivers provides a basis for comparing nonalluvial and alluvial channels. Key differences are that alluvial reaches have greater bar area, greater migration...
Authors
James E. O'Connor, Joseph F. Mangano, Scott A. Anderson, J. Rose Wallick, Krista L. Jones, Mackenzie K. Keith
Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Tillamook Bay tributaries and Nehalem River basin, northwestern Oregon
This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Tillamook (drainage area 156 square kilometers [km2]), Trask (451 km2), Wilson (500 km2), Kilchis (169 km2), Miami (94 km2), and Nehalem (2,207 km2) Rivers along the northwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted in coopera-tion with the U.S. Army...
Authors
Krista L. Jones, Mackenzie K. Keith, Jim E. O'Connor, Joseph F. Mangano, J. Rose Wallick
An environmental streamflow assessment for the Santiam River basin, Oregon
The Santiam River is a tributary of the Willamette River in northwestern Oregon and drains an area of 1,810 square miles. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) operates four dams in the basin, which are used primarily for flood control, hydropower production, recreation, and water-quality improvement. The Detroit and Big Cliff Dams were constructed in 1953 on the North Santiam River...
Authors
John C. Risley, J. Rose Wallick, Joseph F. Mangano, Krista L. Jones
Preliminary assessment of channel stability and bed-material transport in the Coquille River basin, southwestern Oregon
This report summarizes a preliminary study of bed-material transport, vertical and lateral channel changes, and existing datasets for the Coquille River basin, which encompasses 2,745 km2 (square kilometers) of the southwestern Oregon coast. This study, conducted to inform permitting decisions regarding instream gravel mining, revealed that:The 115.4-km-long study area on the South Fork...
Authors
Krista L. Jones, Jim E. O'Connor, Mackenzie K. Keith, Joseph F. Mangano, J. Rose Wallick
Non-USGS Publications**
Mangano, J.F., 2014, Evaluating channel morphologic changes and bed-material transport using airborne LiDAR, upper Colorado River, Rocky Mountain National Park, CO [MS thesis]: Fort Collins, Colorado State University, 91 p.
Dragovich, J.D., Littke, H.A., Anderson, M.L., Hartog, R., Wessel, G.R., DuFrane, S.A., Walsh, T.J., MacDonald, J.H. Jr., Mangano, J.F., Cakir, R., 2009, Geologic map of the Snoqualmie 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington: Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Geologic Map GM-75, 2 sheets, scale 1:24,000
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.