Rex Baum
Rex worked as a research geologist in the Landslide Hazards Program of the U.S. Geological Survey.
While at the USGS Rex conducted research on landslide processes, monitoring, forecasting and warning, and hazards in the Colorado Plateau, Colorado Front Range, southern Rocky Mountains, southwest Ohio, central California, Hawaii, the Pacific Northwest, Puerto Rico, Poland, and El Salvador, Central America.
Education and Certifications
Ph.D., Geology, University of Cincinnati
M.S., Geology, University of Cincinnati
B.U.S., University of New Mexico
Science and Products
Sitka, AK
On August 18, 2015, heavy rainfall triggered around 60 landslides in and around the city of Sitka, AK. The landslides moved downslope rapidly; several were damaging and one of these demolished a home on South Kramer Avenue killing three people.
Preliminary Landslide Susceptibility Maps and Data for Hawaii
Landslide Susceptibility Data and Maps provide tools for hazard assessment prior to an event that may cause landslides.
Seattle Area, Washington
Monitoring at this site is for researching rainfall thresholds for forecasting landslide potential. Shallow landslides are common on coastal bluffs overlooking Puget Sound.
Millicoma Meander, Elliott State Forest, Oregon - Monitoring Discontinued
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring at this landslide has been discontinued. In previous years, the USGS and its cooperators installed instruments to monitor a steep, recently clear-cut basin in the Elliott State Forest.
Portland, Oregon
Landslides in the West Hills of Portland pose a hazard to people and property.
Knife Ridge, Elliott State Forest, Oregon
The USGS and its cooperators have installed instruments in a steep hillside about 20 km southeast of Reedsport in the Elliott State Forest.
Filter Total Items: 18
Maps showing landslide structures at three locations on the active part of the Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado in 2002, 2013, and 2023 Maps showing landslide structures at three locations on the active part of the Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado in 2002, 2013, and 2023
The maps in this data release show active landslide structures in three areas along the north flank of the Slumgullion landslide. After the entire active part of the landslide was mapped in 1992 and 1993 (Fleming and others, 1999), we remapped these three smaller areas at roughly decadal intervals. Our goal was to learn what structures might persist and how they might change as...
Field observations of landslides and related materials following Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico Field observations of landslides and related materials following Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico
During September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused widespread landsliding throughout mountainous regions of Puerto Rico, with more than 71,000 landslides being subsequently identified from aerial imagery (Hughes et al., 2019). Most landslides apparently mobilized as debris flows and occurred within soil (unconsolidated material overlying saprolite and bedrock) and saprolite overlying less...
Engineering Soil Classification and Geotechnical Measurements in Lares, Naranjito, and Utuado, Puerto Rico Engineering Soil Classification and Geotechnical Measurements in Lares, Naranjito, and Utuado, Puerto Rico
The data includes soil texture, soil-water, and estimated soil strength properties for soil map units and from geotechnical investigations of landslide areas affecting highways in the municipalities of Lares, Naranjito, and Utuado, Puerto Rico.
Model input and output data covering Lares Municipio, Utuado Municipio, and Naranjito Municipio, Puerto Rico, for landslide initiation susceptibility assessment after Hurricane Maria Model input and output data covering Lares Municipio, Utuado Municipio, and Naranjito Municipio, Puerto Rico, for landslide initiation susceptibility assessment after Hurricane Maria
Hurricane Maria induced about 70,000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA (Hughes and others, 2019). Data in this project pertain to two areas situated in Puerto Rico’s rugged Cordillera Central range. Combined, these areas account for more than half of the hurricane-induced landslides. One of these areas encloses two neighboring municipalities, Lares Municipio, and Utuado Municipio...
Hydrologic monitoring data in steep, landslide-prone terrain, Sitka, Alaska, USA Hydrologic monitoring data in steep, landslide-prone terrain, Sitka, Alaska, USA
This data release includes time-series data and qualitative descriptions from a monitoring station on a steep, landslide-prone slope above the City of Sitka, Alaska. On August 18, 2015, heavy rainfall triggered around 60 landslides in and around Sitka. These landslides moved downslope rapidly; several were damaging, and one demolished a home on South Kramer Avenue and killed three people...
Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado
On May 25th, 2014, a 54.5 Mm3 rock avalanche occurred in the West Salt Creek valley in western Colorado following heavy rainfall on top of snow (Coe and others, 2016a). The data in this project includes boulder density in 20-m x 20-m grid cells for the entire West Salt Creek rock avalanche deposit. The grid cells cover 2,154,800 m2, which accounts for nearly the entire surface of the...
Map showing locations of damaging landslides in Santa Cruz County, California, resulting from 1997-98 El Nino rainstorms Map showing locations of damaging landslides in Santa Cruz County, California, resulting from 1997-98 El Nino rainstorms
Heavy rainfall associated with a strong El Nino caused over $150 million in landslide damage in the 10-county San Francisco Bay region during the winter and spring of 1998. A team of USGS scientists collected information on landslide locations and damage costs. About $14.5 million in damages were assessed in Santa Cruz County.
Map and description of the active part of the Slumgullion Landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado Map and description of the active part of the Slumgullion Landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado
This text accompanies a map of many of the features on the active part of the Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colo. Long-term movement creates and destroys a variety of structural features on the surface of the landslide including faults, fractures, and folds, as well as basins and ridges. The Slumgullion landslide consists of a large volume of inactive landslide deposits and a...
Filter Total Items: 71
Assessing locations susceptible to shallow landslide initiation during prolonged intense rainfall in the Lares, Utuado, and Naranjito municipalities of Puerto Rico Assessing locations susceptible to shallow landslide initiation during prolonged intense rainfall in the Lares, Utuado, and Naranjito municipalities of Puerto Rico
Hurricane Maria induced about 70 000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA, including thousands each in three municipalities situated in Puerto Rico's rugged Cordillera Central range. By combining a nonlinear soil-depth model, presumed wettest-case pore pressures, and quasi-three-dimensional (3D) slope-stability analysis, we developed a landslide susceptibility map that has very good...
Authors
Rex L. Baum, Dianne L. Brien, Mark E. Reid, William H. Schulz, Matthew J. Tello
Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado
On May 25, 2014, a 54.5-million cubic meter rock avalanche in the West Salt Creek valley, Mesa County, Colorado, traveled 4.6 kilometers, leaving a deposit that covers about 2.2 square kilometers. To check the particle-size distribution of the deposit for information about the high mobility of the avalanche, we estimated boulder distribution density for the entire deposit by counting 1...
Authors
Adrian C. Lewis, Rex L. Baum, Jeffrey A. Coe
HydroMet: A new code for automated objective optimization of hydrometeorological thresholds for landslide initiation HydroMet: A new code for automated objective optimization of hydrometeorological thresholds for landslide initiation
Landslide detection and warning systems are important tools for mitigation of potential hazards in landslide prone areas. Traditionally, warning systems for shallow landslides have been informed by rainfall intensity-duration thresholds. More recent advances have introduced the concept of hydrometeorological thresholds that are informed not only by rainfall, but also by subsurface...
Authors
Jacob L. Conrad, Michael D. Morphew, Rex L. Baum, Benjamin B. Mirus
When hazard avoidance is not an option: Lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA When hazard avoidance is not an option: Lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA
On 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale...
Authors
Mark E. Reid, Jonathan W. Godt, Richard G LaHusen, Stephen L Slaughter, Thomas C. Badger, Brian D. Collins, William H. Schulz, Rex L. Baum, Jeffrey A. Coe, Edwin L Harp, Kevin M. Schmidt, Richard M. Iverson, Joel B. Smith, Ralph A. Haugerud, David L. George
Incorporating the effects of complex soil layering and thickness local variability into distributed landslide susceptibility assessments Incorporating the effects of complex soil layering and thickness local variability into distributed landslide susceptibility assessments
Incorporating the influence of soil layering and local variability into the parameterizations of physics-based numerical models for distributed landslide susceptibility assessments remains a challenge. Typical applications employ substantial simplifications including homogeneous soil units and soil-hydraulic properties assigned based only on average textural classifications; the...
Authors
F. Fusco, Benjamin B. Mirus, Rex L. Baum, D. Calcaterra, P. De Vita
Rapid sensitivity analysis for reducing uncertainty in landslide hazard assessments Rapid sensitivity analysis for reducing uncertainty in landslide hazard assessments
One of the challenges in assessing temporal and spatial aspects of landslide hazard using process-based models is estimating model input parameters, especially in areas where limited measurements of soil and rock properties are available. In an effort to simplify and streamline parameter estimation, development of a simple, rapid approach to sensitivity analysis relies on field...
Authors
Rex L. Baum
REGOLITH--A Fortran 95 program for estimating soil mantle thickness in a digital landscape for landslide and debris-flow hazard assessment REGOLITH--A Fortran 95 program for estimating soil mantle thickness in a digital landscape for landslide and debris-flow hazard assessment
The computer program REGOLITH is a Fortran program designed for estimating soil thickness over a digital landscape. The program implements various published empirical and process-based models for soil thickness. This command-line program is used in conjunction with Python scripts to prepare input files and automate certain steps.
THRESH THRESH
Software for tracking rainfall thresholds for landslide and debris-flow occurrence, user manual.
Thresh - Software for Tracking Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide and Debris Flow Occurrence, Code Repository Thresh - Software for Tracking Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide and Debris Flow Occurrence, Code Repository
The precipitation tracking program, thresh, is a Fortran program designed for computing various measures of precipitation for comparison against established or trial thresholds for landslide occurrence. The program computes cumulative precipitation and precipitation intensity and duration and compares them to thresholds to identify periods of threshold exceedance for use in landslide...
TRIGRS version 2.1 TRIGRS version 2.1
The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) is a Fortran program designed for modeling the timing and distribution of shallow, rainfall-induced landslides. The program computes transient pore-pressure changes, and attendant changes in the factor of safety, due to rainfall infiltration. This release, 2.1.0a, includes bug fixes, new output...
Serial and parallel versions of the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) Serial and parallel versions of the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS)
The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) is a Fortran program designed for modeling the timing and distribution of shallow, rainfall-induced landslides. The program computes transient pore-pressure changes, and attendant changes in the factor of safety, due to rainfall infiltration. The program models rainfall infiltration, resulting from...
TRIGRS TRIGRS
A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis, Version 2.0.
Science and Products
Sitka, AK
On August 18, 2015, heavy rainfall triggered around 60 landslides in and around the city of Sitka, AK. The landslides moved downslope rapidly; several were damaging and one of these demolished a home on South Kramer Avenue killing three people.
Preliminary Landslide Susceptibility Maps and Data for Hawaii
Landslide Susceptibility Data and Maps provide tools for hazard assessment prior to an event that may cause landslides.
Seattle Area, Washington
Monitoring at this site is for researching rainfall thresholds for forecasting landslide potential. Shallow landslides are common on coastal bluffs overlooking Puget Sound.
Millicoma Meander, Elliott State Forest, Oregon - Monitoring Discontinued
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) monitoring at this landslide has been discontinued. In previous years, the USGS and its cooperators installed instruments to monitor a steep, recently clear-cut basin in the Elliott State Forest.
Portland, Oregon
Landslides in the West Hills of Portland pose a hazard to people and property.
Knife Ridge, Elliott State Forest, Oregon
The USGS and its cooperators have installed instruments in a steep hillside about 20 km southeast of Reedsport in the Elliott State Forest.
Filter Total Items: 18
Maps showing landslide structures at three locations on the active part of the Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado in 2002, 2013, and 2023 Maps showing landslide structures at three locations on the active part of the Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado in 2002, 2013, and 2023
The maps in this data release show active landslide structures in three areas along the north flank of the Slumgullion landslide. After the entire active part of the landslide was mapped in 1992 and 1993 (Fleming and others, 1999), we remapped these three smaller areas at roughly decadal intervals. Our goal was to learn what structures might persist and how they might change as...
Field observations of landslides and related materials following Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico Field observations of landslides and related materials following Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico
During September 2017, Hurricane Maria caused widespread landsliding throughout mountainous regions of Puerto Rico, with more than 71,000 landslides being subsequently identified from aerial imagery (Hughes et al., 2019). Most landslides apparently mobilized as debris flows and occurred within soil (unconsolidated material overlying saprolite and bedrock) and saprolite overlying less...
Engineering Soil Classification and Geotechnical Measurements in Lares, Naranjito, and Utuado, Puerto Rico Engineering Soil Classification and Geotechnical Measurements in Lares, Naranjito, and Utuado, Puerto Rico
The data includes soil texture, soil-water, and estimated soil strength properties for soil map units and from geotechnical investigations of landslide areas affecting highways in the municipalities of Lares, Naranjito, and Utuado, Puerto Rico.
Model input and output data covering Lares Municipio, Utuado Municipio, and Naranjito Municipio, Puerto Rico, for landslide initiation susceptibility assessment after Hurricane Maria Model input and output data covering Lares Municipio, Utuado Municipio, and Naranjito Municipio, Puerto Rico, for landslide initiation susceptibility assessment after Hurricane Maria
Hurricane Maria induced about 70,000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA (Hughes and others, 2019). Data in this project pertain to two areas situated in Puerto Rico’s rugged Cordillera Central range. Combined, these areas account for more than half of the hurricane-induced landslides. One of these areas encloses two neighboring municipalities, Lares Municipio, and Utuado Municipio...
Hydrologic monitoring data in steep, landslide-prone terrain, Sitka, Alaska, USA Hydrologic monitoring data in steep, landslide-prone terrain, Sitka, Alaska, USA
This data release includes time-series data and qualitative descriptions from a monitoring station on a steep, landslide-prone slope above the City of Sitka, Alaska. On August 18, 2015, heavy rainfall triggered around 60 landslides in and around Sitka. These landslides moved downslope rapidly; several were damaging, and one demolished a home on South Kramer Avenue and killed three people...
Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado
On May 25th, 2014, a 54.5 Mm3 rock avalanche occurred in the West Salt Creek valley in western Colorado following heavy rainfall on top of snow (Coe and others, 2016a). The data in this project includes boulder density in 20-m x 20-m grid cells for the entire West Salt Creek rock avalanche deposit. The grid cells cover 2,154,800 m2, which accounts for nearly the entire surface of the...
Map showing locations of damaging landslides in Santa Cruz County, California, resulting from 1997-98 El Nino rainstorms Map showing locations of damaging landslides in Santa Cruz County, California, resulting from 1997-98 El Nino rainstorms
Heavy rainfall associated with a strong El Nino caused over $150 million in landslide damage in the 10-county San Francisco Bay region during the winter and spring of 1998. A team of USGS scientists collected information on landslide locations and damage costs. About $14.5 million in damages were assessed in Santa Cruz County.
Map and description of the active part of the Slumgullion Landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado Map and description of the active part of the Slumgullion Landslide, Hinsdale County, Colorado
This text accompanies a map of many of the features on the active part of the Slumgullion landslide, Hinsdale County, Colo. Long-term movement creates and destroys a variety of structural features on the surface of the landslide including faults, fractures, and folds, as well as basins and ridges. The Slumgullion landslide consists of a large volume of inactive landslide deposits and a...
Filter Total Items: 71
Assessing locations susceptible to shallow landslide initiation during prolonged intense rainfall in the Lares, Utuado, and Naranjito municipalities of Puerto Rico Assessing locations susceptible to shallow landslide initiation during prolonged intense rainfall in the Lares, Utuado, and Naranjito municipalities of Puerto Rico
Hurricane Maria induced about 70 000 landslides throughout Puerto Rico, USA, including thousands each in three municipalities situated in Puerto Rico's rugged Cordillera Central range. By combining a nonlinear soil-depth model, presumed wettest-case pore pressures, and quasi-three-dimensional (3D) slope-stability analysis, we developed a landslide susceptibility map that has very good...
Authors
Rex L. Baum, Dianne L. Brien, Mark E. Reid, William H. Schulz, Matthew J. Tello
Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado Distribution of large boulders on the deposit of the West Salt Creek rock avalanche, western Colorado
On May 25, 2014, a 54.5-million cubic meter rock avalanche in the West Salt Creek valley, Mesa County, Colorado, traveled 4.6 kilometers, leaving a deposit that covers about 2.2 square kilometers. To check the particle-size distribution of the deposit for information about the high mobility of the avalanche, we estimated boulder distribution density for the entire deposit by counting 1...
Authors
Adrian C. Lewis, Rex L. Baum, Jeffrey A. Coe
HydroMet: A new code for automated objective optimization of hydrometeorological thresholds for landslide initiation HydroMet: A new code for automated objective optimization of hydrometeorological thresholds for landslide initiation
Landslide detection and warning systems are important tools for mitigation of potential hazards in landslide prone areas. Traditionally, warning systems for shallow landslides have been informed by rainfall intensity-duration thresholds. More recent advances have introduced the concept of hydrometeorological thresholds that are informed not only by rainfall, but also by subsurface...
Authors
Jacob L. Conrad, Michael D. Morphew, Rex L. Baum, Benjamin B. Mirus
When hazard avoidance is not an option: Lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA When hazard avoidance is not an option: Lessons learned from monitoring the postdisaster Oso landslide, USA
On 22 March 2014, a massive, catastrophic landslide occurred near Oso, Washington, USA, sweeping more than 1 km across the adjacent valley flats and killing 43 people. For the following 5 weeks, hundreds of workers engaged in an exhaustive search, rescue, and recovery effort directly in the landslide runout path. These workers could not avoid the risks posed by additional large-scale...
Authors
Mark E. Reid, Jonathan W. Godt, Richard G LaHusen, Stephen L Slaughter, Thomas C. Badger, Brian D. Collins, William H. Schulz, Rex L. Baum, Jeffrey A. Coe, Edwin L Harp, Kevin M. Schmidt, Richard M. Iverson, Joel B. Smith, Ralph A. Haugerud, David L. George
Incorporating the effects of complex soil layering and thickness local variability into distributed landslide susceptibility assessments Incorporating the effects of complex soil layering and thickness local variability into distributed landslide susceptibility assessments
Incorporating the influence of soil layering and local variability into the parameterizations of physics-based numerical models for distributed landslide susceptibility assessments remains a challenge. Typical applications employ substantial simplifications including homogeneous soil units and soil-hydraulic properties assigned based only on average textural classifications; the...
Authors
F. Fusco, Benjamin B. Mirus, Rex L. Baum, D. Calcaterra, P. De Vita
Rapid sensitivity analysis for reducing uncertainty in landslide hazard assessments Rapid sensitivity analysis for reducing uncertainty in landslide hazard assessments
One of the challenges in assessing temporal and spatial aspects of landslide hazard using process-based models is estimating model input parameters, especially in areas where limited measurements of soil and rock properties are available. In an effort to simplify and streamline parameter estimation, development of a simple, rapid approach to sensitivity analysis relies on field...
Authors
Rex L. Baum
REGOLITH--A Fortran 95 program for estimating soil mantle thickness in a digital landscape for landslide and debris-flow hazard assessment REGOLITH--A Fortran 95 program for estimating soil mantle thickness in a digital landscape for landslide and debris-flow hazard assessment
The computer program REGOLITH is a Fortran program designed for estimating soil thickness over a digital landscape. The program implements various published empirical and process-based models for soil thickness. This command-line program is used in conjunction with Python scripts to prepare input files and automate certain steps.
THRESH THRESH
Software for tracking rainfall thresholds for landslide and debris-flow occurrence, user manual.
Thresh - Software for Tracking Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide and Debris Flow Occurrence, Code Repository Thresh - Software for Tracking Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide and Debris Flow Occurrence, Code Repository
The precipitation tracking program, thresh, is a Fortran program designed for computing various measures of precipitation for comparison against established or trial thresholds for landslide occurrence. The program computes cumulative precipitation and precipitation intensity and duration and compares them to thresholds to identify periods of threshold exceedance for use in landslide...
TRIGRS version 2.1 TRIGRS version 2.1
The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) is a Fortran program designed for modeling the timing and distribution of shallow, rainfall-induced landslides. The program computes transient pore-pressure changes, and attendant changes in the factor of safety, due to rainfall infiltration. This release, 2.1.0a, includes bug fixes, new output...
Serial and parallel versions of the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) Serial and parallel versions of the Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS)
The Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Model (TRIGRS) is a Fortran program designed for modeling the timing and distribution of shallow, rainfall-induced landslides. The program computes transient pore-pressure changes, and attendant changes in the factor of safety, due to rainfall infiltration. The program models rainfall infiltration, resulting from...
TRIGRS TRIGRS
A Fortran Program for Transient Rainfall Infiltration and Grid-Based Regional Slope-Stability Analysis, Version 2.0.