Videos

USGS geologist, Angie Diefenbach, describes how she uses GIS, (Geographic Information Systems) software to study volcanic eruptions and their impacts on society.

The video shows time-lapse changes in the lava dome and Crater Glacier from 2004-2012. The images were created from 1:12,000 scale vertical aerial photographs combined with ground control points from campaign GPS and targets. Photogrammetry software was used to collect a 3-D point cloud and combined to make a digital elevation model (DEM).

Permanent Site: D1 East Transect; Depth: 9.4 Meters (30.9 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.2 Kilometers (0.1 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15115998,-123.56734404; Site Description: This site is right off the mouth of the river. Substrate is mainly gravel with some sand.

Permanent Site: D1 West Transect; Depth: 10.3 Meters (33.8 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.2 Kilometers (0.1 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15115998,-123.56801602; Site Description: This site is right off the mouth of the river. Substrate is mainly gravel with some sand. Seaweed is abundant.

Permanent Site: 4SP1 - East Transect; Depth: 6.1 Meters (19.9 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.8 Kilometers (0.5 Miles) East; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15257, -123.556704; Site Description: Predominantly a high current site with gravel/cobble substrate covered in seaweeds.

Permanent Site: C2 East Transect; Depth: 16.5 Meters (Feet 54); Distance from river mouth: 0.7 Kilometers (0.4 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.147841,-123.57596074; Site Description: One of our deepest sites. Mainly sand with small amounts of gravel.

Permanent Site: C2 West Transect; Depth: 16.8 Meters (Feet 55.2); Distance from river mouth: 0.7 Kilometers (0.5 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.147841,-123.57663268; Site Description: Mainly sand with small amounts of gravel. One of our deepest sites. Mainly sand with small amounts of gravel.

Permanent Site: H1 West Transect; Depth: 5.9 Meters (Feet 19.4); Distance from river mouth: 2.4 Kilometers (1.5 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.14803012,-123.53535558; Site Description: This is a shallow site and one of the farthest removed from the effects of the sediment plume outside of the control sites.

Permanent Site: D2 West Transect; Depth: 12.6 Meters (41.3 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.3 Kilometers (0.2 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15233001,-123.56896603; Site Description: This site is right off the mouth of the river. Substrate is mainly gravel with some sand. Seaweed is abundant.

Permanent Site: D2 East Transect; Depth: 12.1 Meters (39.8 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.3 Kilometers (0.2 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15233001,-123.56829403; Site Description: This site is right off the mouth of the river. Substrate is mainly gravel with some sand. Seaweed is abundant.

Permanent Control Site: GP2 East Transect; Depth: 12.9 Meters (42.3 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 18.8 Kilometers (11.7 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.12781102,-123.31645664; Site Description: This site was established as the eastern control. Substrate is mainly a gravel sand mixture.

Permanent Control Site: GP1 East Transect; Depth: 7.4 Meters (24.2 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 19.0 Kilometers (11.8 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.11852521,-123.31538047; Site Description: This site was established as the eastern control. Depth is medium-shallow.

Permanent Control Site: GP2 West Transect; Depth: 13.1 Meters (43 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 18.8 Kilometers (11.6 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.12781102,-123.31645664; Site Description: This site was established as the eastern control.

Permanent Control Site: GP1 West Transect; Depth: 7.8 Meters (25.7 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 19.0 Kilometers (11.8 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.11852521,-123.31605203; Site Description: This site was established as the eastern control. Depth is medium-shallow.

Permanent Site: H1 East Transect; Depth: 5.5 Meters (Feet 18.0); Distance from river mouth: 2.4 Kilometers (1.5 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.1479177,-123.53472865; Site Description: This is a shallow site and one of the farthest removed from the effects of the sediment plume outside of the control sites.

Permanent Site: C1 West Transect; Depth: Meters (Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.7 Kilometers (0.4 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.14525225,-123.57361291; Site Description: Substrate is clean sand with scatterings of gravel.

Permanent Site: C1 East Transect; Depth: 9.6 Meters (Feet 31.4); Distance from river mouth: 0.7 Kilometers (0.4 Miles); Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.14525225,-123.57294101; Site Description: Substrate is clean sand with minimal gravel. Algae is absent on first third of transect.

Permanent Site: E2 West Transect; Depth: 14.8 Meters (48.7 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 0.9 Kilometers (0.5 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15653002, -123.56197605; Site Description: This is one of our deeper sites. Substrate is mainly gravel/cobble with scattered boulders (0:25, 0:34, 0:43seconds).

Permanent Site: F1 East Transect; Depth: 6.2 Meters (20.4 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 1.3 Kilometers (0.8 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15292999, -123.55011402; Site Description: Video is blurry and of poor quality. This is a shallow site with gravel substrate.

Permanent Site: F1 West Transect; Depth: 6.7 Meters (22 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 1.3 Kilometers (0.8 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15292999, -123.55078602; Site Description: This is a shallow site with gravel substrate.

Permanent Site: F2 East Transect; Depth: 11.7 Meters (38.3 Feet); Distance from river mouth: 1.5 Kilometers (0.9 Miles) east; Pre/Post Dam Removal: 1 month pre-dam removal; Lat/Long: 48.15672004,-123.54969397; Site Description: Substrate is mainly gravel mixed with a little cobble and an occasional boulder.