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Overview for geologic field-trip guides to volcanoes of the Cascades Arc in northern California Overview for geologic field-trip guides to volcanoes of the Cascades Arc in northern California

The California Cascades field trip is a loop beginning and ending in Portland, Oregon. The route of day 1 goes eastward across the Cascades just south of Mount Hood, travels south along the east side of the Cascades for an overview of the central Oregon volcanoes (including Three Sisters and Newberry Volcano), and ends at Klamath Falls, Oregon. Day 2 and much of day 3 focus on Medicine...
Authors
L.J. Patrick Muffler, Julie M. Donnelly-Nolan, Timothy L. Grove, Michael A. Clynne, Robert L. Christiansen, Andrew T. Calvert, Juliet Ryan-Davis

Surface morphology of caldera-forming eruption deposits revealed by lidar mapping of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon- Implications for emplacement and surface modification Surface morphology of caldera-forming eruption deposits revealed by lidar mapping of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon- Implications for emplacement and surface modification

Large explosive eruptions of silicic magma can produce widespread pumice fall, extensive ignimbrite sheets, and collapse calderas. The surfaces of voluminous ignimbrites are rarely preserved or documented because most terrestrial examples are heavily vegetated, or severely modified by post-depositional processes. Much research addresses the internal sedimentary characteristics, flow...
Authors
Joel E. Robinson, Charles R. Bacon, Jon J. Major, Heather M. Wright, James W. Vallance

Dam removal: Listening in Dam removal: Listening in

Dam removal is widely used as an approach for river restoration in the United States. The increase in dam removals—particularly large dams—and associated dam-removal studies over the last few decades motivated a working group at the USGS John Wesley Powell Center for Analysis and Synthesis to review and synthesize available studies of dam removals and their findings. Based on dam...
Authors
Melissa M. Foley, James Bellmore, James E. O'Connor, Jeffrey J. Duda, Amy E. East, Gordon G. Grant, Chauncey W. Anderson, Jennifer A. Bountry, Mathias J. Collins, Patrick J. Connolly, Laura S. Craig, James E. Evans, Samantha Greene, Francis J. Magilligan, Christopher S. Magirl, Jon J. Major, George R. Pess, Timothy J. Randle, Patrick B. Shafroth, Christian E. Torgersen, Desiree D. Tullos, Andrew C. Wilcox

Volcanic cloud evolution: Characteristics, observational capabilities and challenges Volcanic cloud evolution: Characteristics, observational capabilities and challenges

Volcanic clouds composed of solid particles, volcanic gases, and related aerosols evolve from the time of eruption until the cloud constituents are removed from the atmosphere. While airborne, they have the potential to cause damage to aircraft, ranging from acute encounters that can lead to an immediate hazard to flight safety, to chronic wear on aircraft components, to benign...
Authors
David J. Schneider, Michael J. Pavolonis, Simon Carn

Field-trip guide to Columbia River flood basalts, associated rhyolites, and diverse post-plume volcanism in eastern Oregon Field-trip guide to Columbia River flood basalts, associated rhyolites, and diverse post-plume volcanism in eastern Oregon

The Miocene Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) is the youngest and best preserved continental flood basalt province on Earth, linked in space and time with a compositionally diverse succession of volcanic rocks that partially record the apparent emergence and passage of the Yellowstone plume head through eastern Oregon during the late Cenozoic. This compositionally diverse suite of...
Authors
Mark L. Ferns, Martin J. Streck, Jason D. McClaughry

Field-trip guide to the geologic highlights of Newberry Volcano, Oregon Field-trip guide to the geologic highlights of Newberry Volcano, Oregon

Newberry Volcano and its surrounding lavas cover about 3,000 square kilometers (km2) in central Oregon. This massive, shield-shaped, composite volcano is located in the rear of the Cascades Volcanic Arc, ~60 km east of the Cascade Range crest. The volcano overlaps the northwestern corner of the Basin and Range tectonic province, known locally as the High Lava Plains, and is strongly...
Authors
Robert A. Jensen, Julie M. Donnelly-Nolan

Geologic field trip guide to Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon Geologic field trip guide to Mount Mazama and Crater Lake Caldera, Oregon

Crater Lake partly fills one of the most spectacular calderas of the world—an 8 by 10 kilometer (km) basin more than 1 km deep formed by collapse of the Mount Mazama volcano during a rapid series of explosive eruptions ~7,700 years ago. Having a maximum depth of 594 meters (m), Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States. Crater Lake National Park, dedicated in 1902, encompasses...
Authors
Charles R. Bacon, Heather M. Wright

Oxygen and U-Th isotopes and the timescales of hydrothermal exchange and melting in granitoid wall rocks at Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon Oxygen and U-Th isotopes and the timescales of hydrothermal exchange and melting in granitoid wall rocks at Mount Mazama, Crater Lake, Oregon

We report new whole rock U-Th and in-situ oxygen isotope compositions for partially melted (0–50 vol% melt), low-δ18O Pleistocene granitoid blocks ejected during the ∼7.7 ka caldera-forming eruption of Mt. Mazama (Crater Lake, Oregon). The blocks are interpreted to represent wall rocks of the climactic magma chamber that, prior to eruption, experienced variable amounts of exchange with...
Authors
Meagan E. Ankney, Charles R. Bacon, John W. Valley, Brian L. Beard, Clark M. Johnson

Field-trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington - An overview of the eruptive history and petrology, tephra deposits, 1980 pyroclastic density current deposits, and the crater Field-trip guide to Mount St. Helens, Washington - An overview of the eruptive history and petrology, tephra deposits, 1980 pyroclastic density current deposits, and the crater

This field trip will provide an introduction to several fascinating features of Mount St. Helens. The trip begins with a rigorous hike of about 15 km from the Johnston Ridge Observatory (9 km north-northeast of the crater vent), across the 1980 Pumice Plain, to Windy Ridge (3.6 km northeast of the crater vent) to examine features that document the dynamics and progressive emplacement of
Authors
John S. Pallister, Michael A. Clynne, Heather M. Wright, Alexa R. Van Eaton, James W. Vallance, David R. Sherrod, B. Peter Kokelaar

Field-trip guide to a volcanic transect of the Pacific Northwest Field-trip guide to a volcanic transect of the Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest region of the United States provides world-class and historically important examples of a wide variety of volcanic features. This guide is designed to give a broad overview of the region’s diverse volcanism rather than focusing on the results of detailed studies; the reader should consult the reference list for more detailed information on each of the sites, and we...
Authors
Dennis Geist, John A. Wolff, Karen Harpp

Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction Initial pulse of Siberian Traps sills as the trigger of the end-Permian mass extinction

Mass extinction events are short-lived and characterized by catastrophic biosphere collapse and subsequent reorganization. Their abrupt nature necessitates a similarly short-lived trigger, and large igneous province magmatism is often implicated. However, large igneous provinces are long-lived compared to mass extinctions. Therefore, if large igneous provinces are an effective trigger, a
Authors
Seth D. Burgess, James D. Muirhead, Samuel A. Bowring

Temporal variation of tectonic tremor activity in southern Taiwan around the 2010 ML6.4 Jiashian Earthquake Temporal variation of tectonic tremor activity in southern Taiwan around the 2010 ML6.4 Jiashian Earthquake

Deep tectonic tremor, which is extremely sensitive to small stress variations, could be used to monitor fault-zone processes during large earthquake cycles and aseismic processes before large earthquakes. In this study, we develop an algorithm for the automatic detection and location of tectonic tremor beneath the southern Central Range of Taiwan and examine the spatio-temporal...
Authors
Kevin Chao, Zhigang Peng, Ya-Ju Hsu, Kazushige Obara, Kuo-En Ching, Chunquan Wu, Hsin-Chieh Pu, Peih-Lin Leu, Aaron Wech
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