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What has been learned from pressure cores What has been learned from pressure cores

The advancement of pressure core acquisition and analysis technology in recent decades has enabled detailed imaging and direct measurement of naturally occurring hydrate-bearing sediments and has shed light onto hydrate habits, formation processes, fundamental physical properties, and hydrate deposit responses during gas production. This paper reviews the development and capabilities of...
Authors
Sheng Dai, Ray Boswell, William F. Waite, Junbong Jang, J. Y. Lee, Y Seol

Relationship between water and aragonite barium concentrations in aquaria reared juvenile corals Relationship between water and aragonite barium concentrations in aquaria reared juvenile corals

Coral barium to calcium (Ba/Ca) ratios have been used to reconstruct records of upwelling, river and groundwater discharge, and sediment and dust input to the coastal ocean. However, this proxy has not yet been explicitly tested to determine if Ba inclusion in the coral skeleton is directly proportional to seawater Ba concentration and to further determine how additional factors such as
Authors
Meagan Gonneea Eagle, Anne L. Cohen, Thomas M. DeCarlo, Matthew A. Charette

Rip currents and alongshore flows in single channels dredged in the surf zone Rip currents and alongshore flows in single channels dredged in the surf zone

To investigate the dynamics of flows near nonuniform bathymetry, single channels (on average 30 m wide and 1.5 m deep) were dredged across the surf zone at five different times, and the subsequent evolution of currents and morphology was observed for a range of wave and tidal conditions. In addition, circulation was simulated with the numerical modeling system COAWST, initialized with...
Authors
Melissa Moulton, Steve Elgar, Britt Raubenheimer, John C. Warner, Nirnimesh Kumar

Sensitivity analysis of a coupled hydrodynamic-vegetation model using the effectively subsampled quadratures method Sensitivity analysis of a coupled hydrodynamic-vegetation model using the effectively subsampled quadratures method

Coastal hydrodynamics can be greatly affected by the presence of submerged aquatic vegetation. The effect of vegetation has been incorporated into the Coupled-Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) Modeling System. The vegetation implementation includes the plant-induced three-dimensional drag, in-canopy wave-induced streaming, and the production of turbulent kinetic energy by...
Authors
Tarandeep S. Kalra, Alfredo Aretxabaleta, Pranay Seshadri, Neil K. Ganju, Alexis Beudin

Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland and Virginia, 2014–15 Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland and Virginia, 2014–15

U.S. Geological Survey scientists and technical support staff measured oceanographic, waterquality, seabed-elevation-change, and meteorological parameters in Chincoteague Bay, Maryland and Virginia, during the period of August 13, 2014, to July 14, 2015, as part of the Estuarine Physical Response to Storms project (GS2–2D) supported by the Department of the Interior Hurricane Sandy...
Authors
Steven E. Suttles, Neil K. Ganju, Sandra M. Brosnahan, Ellyn T. Montgomery, Patrick J. Dickhudt, Alexis Beudin, Daniel J. Nowacki, Marinna A. Martini

Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane

Continued warming of the Arctic Ocean in coming decades is projected to trigger the release of teragrams (1 Tg = 106 tons) of methane from thawing subsea permafrost on shallow continental shelves and dissociation of methane hydrate on upper continental slopes. On the shallow shelves (
Authors
John W. Pohlman, J. Greinert, Carolyn D. Ruppel, A Silyakova, L Vielstadte, Michael Casso, J Mienert, S Bunz

Advancing coastal ocean modelling, analysis, and prediction for the US Integrated Ocean Observing System Advancing coastal ocean modelling, analysis, and prediction for the US Integrated Ocean Observing System

This paper outlines strategies that would advance coastal ocean modelling, analysis and prediction as a complement to the observing and data management activities of the coastal components of the US Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) and the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). The views presented are the consensus of a group of US-based researchers with a cross-section of...
Authors
John L. Wilkin, Leslie Rosenfeld, Arthur Allen, Rebecca Baltes, Antonio Baptista, Ruoying He, Patrick Hogan, Alexander Kurapov, Avichal Mehra, Josie Quintrell, David Schwab, Richard P. Signell, Jane Smith

Hydrokinetic tidal energy resource assessments using numerical models Hydrokinetic tidal energy resource assessments using numerical models

Hyrdokinetic tidal energy is the conversion of tidal current kinetic energy to another more useful form, frequently electricity. As with any other form of renewable energy, resource assessments are essential for the tidal energy project planning and design process. While tidal currents have significant spatial and temporal variability, the predictability of tidal flows makes...
Authors
Kevin Haas, Zafer Defne, Xiufeng Yang, Brittany Bruder

Twentieth century warming of the tropical Atlantic captured by Sr-U paleothermometry Twentieth century warming of the tropical Atlantic captured by Sr-U paleothermometry

Coral skeletons are valuable archives of past ocean conditions. However, interpretation of coral paleotemperature records is confounded by uncertainties associated with single-element ratio thermometers, including Sr/Ca. A new approach, Sr-U, uses U/Ca to constrain the influence of Rayleigh fractionation on Sr/Ca. Here we build on the initial Pacific Porites Sr-U calibration to include...
Authors
Alice E. Alpert, Anne L. Cohen, Delia W. Oppo, Thomas M. DeCarlo, Glenn A. Gaetani, Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado, Amos Winter, Meagan Gonneea Eagle

Effects of climate change and anthropogenic modification on a disturbance-dependent species in a large riverine system Effects of climate change and anthropogenic modification on a disturbance-dependent species in a large riverine system

Humans have altered nearly every natural disturbance regime on the planet through climate and land-use change, and in many instances, these processes may have interacting effects. For example, projected shifts in temperature and precipitation will likely influence disturbance regimes already affected by anthropogenic fire suppression or river impoundments. Understanding how disturbance...
Authors
Sara L. Zeigler, Daniel H. Catlin, M. Bomberger Brown, J.D. Fraser, Lauren R. Dinan, Kelsi L. Hunt, Joel G. Jorgensen, Sarah M. Karpanty

Observations and 3D hydrodynamics-based modeling of decadal-scale shoreline change along the Outer Banks, North Carolina Observations and 3D hydrodynamics-based modeling of decadal-scale shoreline change along the Outer Banks, North Carolina

Long-term decadal-scale shoreline change is an important parameter for quantifying the stability of coastal systems. The decadal-scale coastal change is controlled by processes that occur on short time scales (such as storms) and long-term processes (such as prevailing waves). The ability to predict decadal-scale shoreline change is not well established and the fundamental physical...
Authors
Ilgar Safak, Jeffrey H. List, John C. Warner, Nirnimesh Kumar

The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates The interaction of climate change and methane hydrates

Gas hydrate, a frozen, naturally-occurring, and highly-concentrated form of methane, sequesters significant carbon in the global system and is stable only over a range of low-temperature and moderate-pressure conditions. Gas hydrate is widespread in the sediments of marine continental margins and permafrost areas, locations where ocean and atmospheric warming may perturb the hydrate...
Authors
Carolyn D. Ruppel, John D. Kessler
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