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Scientific literature and information products produced by Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center staff

Filter Total Items: 1737

Crustal and lithospheric structure of the west Antarctic Rift System from geophysical investigations: A review Crustal and lithospheric structure of the west Antarctic Rift System from geophysical investigations: A review

The active West Antarctic Rift System, which extends from the continental shelf of the Ross Sea, beneath the Ross Ice Shelf and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is comparable in size to the Basin and Range in North America, or the East African rift systems. Geophysical surveys (primarily marine seismic and aeromagnetic combined with radar ice sounding) have extended the information provided...
Authors
John C. Behrendt

Apparatus investigates geological aspects of gas hydrates Apparatus investigates geological aspects of gas hydrates

The US Geological Survey (USGS), in response to potential geohazards, energy resource potential, and climate issues associated with marine gas hydrates, has developed a laboratory research system that permits hydrate genesis and dissociation under deep-sea conditions, employing user-selected sediment types and pore fluids. The apparatus, GHASTI (gas hydrate and sediment test laboratory...
Authors
J.S. Booth, W.J. Winters, William P. Dillon

Sea-floor methane blow-out and global firestorm at the K-T boundary Sea-floor methane blow-out and global firestorm at the K-T boundary

A previously unsuspected source of fuel for the global firestorm recorded by soot in the Cretaceous-Tertiary impact layer may have resided in methane gas associated with gas hydrate in the end-Cretaceous seafloor. End-Cretaceous impact-generated shock and megawaves would have had the potential to initiate worldwide oceanic methane gas blow-outs from these deposits. The methane would...
Authors
M.D. Max, William P. Dillon, C. Nishimura, B.G. Hurdle

Physical properties of sediments from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well Physical properties of sediments from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well

A 1150 m deep gas hydrate research well was drilled in the Canadian Arctic in February and March 1998 to investigate the interaction between the presence of gas hydrate and the natural conditions presented by the host sediments. Profiles of the following measured and derived properties are presented from that investigation: water content, sediment wet bulk density, grain size, porosity...
Authors
W.J. Winters

Space and time scales of shoreline change at Cape Cod National Seashore, MA, USA Space and time scales of shoreline change at Cape Cod National Seashore, MA, USA

Different processes cause patterns of shoreline change which are exhibited at different magnitudes and nested into different spatial and time scale hierarchies. The 77-km outer beach at Cape Cod National Seashore offers one of the few U.S. federally owned portions of beach to study shoreline change within the full range of sediment source and sink relationships, and barely affected by...
Authors
J.R. Allen, C.L. LaBash, J. H. List

Formation of natural gas hydrates in marine sediments 1. Conceptual model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by host sediment properties Formation of natural gas hydrates in marine sediments 1. Conceptual model of gas hydrate growth conditioned by host sediment properties

The stability of submarine gas hydrates is largely dictated by pressure and temperature, gas composition, and pore water salinity. However, the physical properties and surface chemistry of deep marine sediments may also affect the thermodynamic state, growth kinetics, spatial distributions, and growth forms of clathrates. Our conceptual model presumes that gas hydrate behaves in a way...
Authors
M. B. Clennell, M. Hovland, J.S. Booth, P. Henry, W.J. Winters

Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington Three-dimensional velocity structure of Siletzia and other accreted terranes in the Cascadia forearc of Washington

Eocene mafic crust with high seismic velocities underlies much of the Oregon and Washington forearc and acts as a backstop for accretion of marine sedimentary rocks from the obliquely subducting Juan de Fuca slab. Arc-parallel migration of relatively strong blocks of this terrane, known as Siletzia, focuses upper crustal deformation along block boundaries, which are potential sources of
Authors
T. Parsons, R.E. Wells, M. A. Fisher, E. Flueh, Uri S. ten Brink

Biogenic silica from the BDP93 drill site and adjacent areas of the Selenga Delta, Lake Baikal, Siberia Biogenic silica from the BDP93 drill site and adjacent areas of the Selenga Delta, Lake Baikal, Siberia

Biogenic silica contents of sediments on the lower Selenga Delta and Buguldeika saddle in Lake Baikal show distinct fluctuations that reflect changes in diatom productivity, and ultimately, climate. The pattern of the upper 50 m of the section, dating from about 334 ka, is similar to that of the marine oxygen-isotope record, increasingly so as the younger sediments become progressively...
Authors
Steven M. Colman, John A. Peck, Josephine Hatton, Eugene B. Karabanov, John W. King

Erosion, weathering, and sedimentation Erosion, weathering, and sedimentation

This chapter explains how a variety of nuclides have been applied to catchments throughout the world. One of the most exciting new approaches for quantifying the rate at which catchments erode is the measurement of in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides. The commonly applied nuclides for erosion rate measurements are 3He, 10Be, 26A1, and 36C1. Use of such nuclides was restricted to...
Authors
Paul R. Bierman, Achim Albrecht, Michael H. Bothner, Erik Thorson Brown, Thomas D. Bullen, Leda-Beth Gray, Laurent Turpin
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