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Scientific literature and information products produced by Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center staff

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Seismic reflections identify finite differences in gas hydrate resources Seismic reflections identify finite differences in gas hydrate resources

Gas hydrate is a gas-bearing, ice-like crystalline solid. The substance's build ing blocks consist of a gas molecule (generally methane) sur-rounded by a cage of water molecules. The total amount of methane in hydrate in the world is immense - the most recent speculative estimate centers on values of 21x1015 cu meters. Thus, it may represent a future energy resource. This estimate was...
Authors
William P. Dillon, M. Max

Anoxia pre-dates Frasnian–Famennian boundary mass extinction horizon in the Great Basin, USA Anoxia pre-dates Frasnian–Famennian boundary mass extinction horizon in the Great Basin, USA

Major and trace metal results from three Great Basin stratigraphic sections with strong conodont biostratigraphy identify a distinct anoxic interval that precedes, but ends approximately 100 kyr before, the Frasnian–Famennian (F–F, mid-Late Devonian) boundary mass extinction horizon. This horizon corresponds to the final and most severe step of a more protracted extinction period. These...
Authors
John F. Bratton, William B. N. Berry, Jared R. Morrow

Contaminated-sediment database development and assessment in Boston Harbor Contaminated-sediment database development and assessment in Boston Harbor

Bottom sediments have been regarded as memory banks for contaminant inputs to urban waterways. Bottom sediments accumulate by the addition of particles that enter the waterway from many sources (U.S. National Research Council, 1989). Sediments include solid contaminants, as well as contaminants from the water column that are adsorbed on organic matter or soil (rock) particles. Sediments...
Authors
Water Resources Division U.S. Geological Survey

Clathrate eustasy: Methane hydrate melting as a mechanism for geologically rapid sea-level fall Clathrate eustasy: Methane hydrate melting as a mechanism for geologically rapid sea-level fall

Although submarine methane hydrates or clathrates have been highlighted as potential amplifiers of modern global climate change and associated glacio-eustatic sea-level rise, their potential role in sea-level fall has not been appreciated. Recent estimates of the total volume occupied by gas hydrates in marine sediments vary 20-fold, from 1.2 × 1014 to 2.4 × 1015 m3. Using a specific...
Authors
J.F. Bratton

Plate deformation at depth under northern California: Slab gap or stretched slab? Plate deformation at depth under northern California: Slab gap or stretched slab?

Plate kinematic interpretations for northern California predict a gap in the underlying subducted slab caused by the northward migration of the Pacific-North America-Juan de Fuca triple junction. However, large-scale decompression melting and asthenospheric upwelling to the base of the overlying plate within the postulated gap are not supported by geophysical and geochemical observations...
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, N. Shimizu, P.C. Molzer

Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry Calculation and error analysis of a digital elevation model of Hofsjokull, Iceland, from SAR interferometry

Two ascending European Space Agency (ESA) Earth Resources Satellites (ERS)-1/-2 tandem-mode, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) pairs are used to calculate the surface elevation of Hofsjokull, an ice cap in central Iceland. The motion component of the interferometric phase is calculated using the 30 arc-second resolution USGS GTOPO30 global digital elevation product and one of the ERS tandem...
Authors
Jonathan S. Barton, Dorothy K. Hall, Oddur Sigurdsson, Richard S. Williams, Laurence C. Smith, James B. Garvin

Anatomy of the Dead Sea transform: Does it reflect continuous changes in plate motion? Anatomy of the Dead Sea transform: Does it reflect continuous changes in plate motion?

A new gravity map of the southern half of the Dead Sea transform offers the first regional view of the anatomy of this plate boundary. Interpreted together with auxiliary seismic and well data, the map reveals a string of subsurface basins of widely varying size, shape, and depth along the plate boundary and relatively short (25–55 km) and discontinuous fault segments. We argue that this...
Authors
Uri S. ten Brink, M. Rybakov, A. S. Al-Zoubi, M. Hassouneh, U. Frieslander, A.T. Batayneh, V. Goldschmidt, M.N. Daoud, Y. Rotstein, J.K. Hall

Properties of samples containing natural gas hydrate from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, determined using Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI) Properties of samples containing natural gas hydrate from the JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well, determined using Gas Hydrate And Sediment Test Laboratory Instrument (GHASTLI)

As part of an ongoing laboratory study, preliminary acoustic, strength, and hydraulic conductivity results are presented from a suite of tests conducted on four natural-gas-hydrate-containing samples from the Mackenzie Delta JAPEX/JNOC/GSC Mallik 2L-38 gas hydrate research well. The gas hydrate samples were preserved in pressure vessels during transport from the Northwest Territories to...
Authors
W.J. Winters

Tectonic and sediment supply control of deep rift lake turbidite systems: Lake Baikal, Russia Tectonic and sediment supply control of deep rift lake turbidite systems: Lake Baikal, Russia

Tectonically influenced half-graben morphology controls the amount and type of sediment supply and consequent type of late Quaternary turbidite systems developed in the active rift basins of Lake Baikal, Russia. Steep border fault slopes (footwall) on the northwest sides of half-graben basins provide a limited supply of coarser grained clastic material to multiple small fan deltas. These...
Authors
C.H. Nelson, E.B. Karabanov, Steven M. Colman, C. Escutia
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