Jonathan Friedman is a Hydrologist at the Fort Collins Science Center.
Since joining the Fort Collins Science Center in 1993, Jonathan has devoted his career to studying interactions among riparian vegetation, river flow and channel change. Present research topics include use of riparian tree rings to reconstruct past river flow, quantification of federal reserved water rights, and determination of the effect of riparian vegetation on bank stability.
Professional Experience
1993-present, Research Hydrologist, USGS Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO
1990-1993, Hydrologist, USGS Water Resources Division, Lakewood, CO
1988-1990, Community College Instructor, Bellevue Community College, Olympic College and Front Range Community College, Washington and Colorado.
1988 Assistant Natural Area Scientist, Washington Natural Heritage Program, Olympia, Washington
Education and Certifications
Ph.D. Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1993
M.S. Oceanography and Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1987
B.S. Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1983
Affiliations and Memberships*
Ecological Society of America
American Geophysical Union
Science and Products
Reconstructing Flow History From Riparian Tree Rings
Fort Collins Science Center Labs and Facilities
Ecological Drought in Riparian Ecosystems
Erosion and Invasive Saltcedar
Riparian Ecology
Ecological Flows
Model-Based Scenario Planning to Inform Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains
Understanding the Links Between Climate, Ecosystem Processes, Wetland Management, and Bird Communities in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains
Occurrence of plants in plots along the Gunnison River, Colorado, 1990-2017
Tree-Ring Data Collected in 2017 and 2018 From Cottonwood Trees Along the Wind River in Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming
Photographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889, 1991, 2010 and other years
Shapefiles and Historical Aerial Photographs, Little Missouri River, 1939-2010
Cottonwood Management at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota
Chaco Canyon 1930s and 2000 geospatial data
Mean of the Top Ten Percent of NDVI Values in the Yuma Proving Ground during Monsoon Season, 1986-2011
Putting down roots: Afforestation and bank cohesion of Icelandic Rivers
No evidence for cottonwood forest decline along a flow-augmented western U.S. river
River channel response to invasive plant treatment across the American Southwest
Local groundwater decline exacerbates response of dryland riparian woodlands to climatic drought
Response of riparian vegetation to short- and long-term hydrologic variation
Riparian forest productivity decline initiated by streamflow diversion then amplified by atmospheric drought 40 years later
Fingerprinting historical tributary contributions to floodplain sediment using bulk geochemistry
From flowering to foliage: Accelerometers track tree sway to provide high-resolution insights into tree phenology
The effects of requested flows for native fish on sediment dynamics, geomorphology, and riparian vegetation for the Green River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah
Historical and paleoflood analyses for probabilistic flood-hazard assessments—Approaches and review guidelines
Sediment-ecological connectivity in a large river network
Cottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
Non-USGS Publications**
**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
Science and Products
- Science
Reconstructing Flow History From Riparian Tree Rings
Aquatic Systems Branch scientists analyze rings of riparian trees relating tree growth and establishment to historical flow. We then use the tree rings to reconstruct the flow in past centuries. Flow reconstructions discover the frequency and magnitude of past droughts and floods—information that is essential for management of rivers and water supplies. We also use downscaled climate projections...Fort Collins Science Center Labs and Facilities
The Fort Collins Science Center has scientists working in several diverse locations as well as three in house highly specialized laboratories, studying subjects from molecular ecology to brown treesnakes, dendroecology to streamflows, and macroinvertebrate species to Burmese pythons. Our extraordinary scientists work in each of these locations advancing studies in their particluar areas of study...Ecological Drought in Riparian Ecosystems
Drought is killing riparian trees along many rivers in the western United States. The cause can be increasing temperature or decreasing precipitation, flow or water-table elevation. At multiple locations we are relating water availability to physiological measurements of tree survival and water stress, such as ring width, carbon stable isotope ratio and branch hydraulic conductivity. These...Erosion and Invasive Saltcedar
Formation of arroyos in the late 1800s greatly increased erosion across the southwestern United States. Since the 1930s, however, this erosion has decreased, partly because of bank stabilization by introduced saltcedar. With Isleta Pueblo Indian Nation, the Aquatic Systems Branch developed a new sediment dating method using saltcedar tree rings. We applied the method in a landmark study of arroyo...Riparian Ecology
Riparian ecologists at the Fort Collins Science Center study interactions among flow, channel change, and vegetation along rivers across the western United States and worldwide. Our work focuses on issues relevant to the management of water and public lands, including dam operation, climate change, invasive species, and ecological restoration. Investigations take place on a range of scales. For...Ecological Flows
Ecological flow is a central theme of AS Branch studies, as our research examines how water flows affect populations, communities, ecosystems, and hydroscapes. Our studies elucidate the interactions among hydrologic, geomorphologic, biogeochemical, biological, and anthropogenic processes. Branch scientists identify and quantify the spatial and temporal attributes of water flow for ecological needs...Model-Based Scenario Planning to Inform Climate Change Adaptation in the Northern Great Plains
One of the biggest challenges facing resource managers today is not knowing exactly when, where, and how climate change effects will unfold. While models can be used to predict the types of impacts that climate change might have on a landscape, uncertainty remains surrounding factors such as how quickly changes will occur and how specific resources will respond. In order to plan for this uncertaUnderstanding the Links Between Climate, Ecosystem Processes, Wetland Management, and Bird Communities in the Prairie Pothole Region of the Northern Great Plains
In semi-arid regions, riparian and wetland ecosystems function as important migratory and breeding habitats and add significantly to local and regional biodiversity; however, these ecosystems are increasingly threatened by climate change and the potential synergistic effects of increasing demand for water and invasion by exotic species. As a continuation of our inaugural USGS National Climate Chan - Data
Occurrence of plants in plots along the Gunnison River, Colorado, 1990-2017
In 1990 the US Geological Survey Fort Collins Science Center and National Park Service Water Resources Division established 133 permanent 1meter (m) X 2 m plots along the Gunnison River near Warner Point in Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park. A one-dimensional hydraulic model was calibrated to determine the inundation necessary to inundate each plot, and this can be combined with daily floTree-Ring Data Collected in 2017 and 2018 From Cottonwood Trees Along the Wind River in Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming
This dataset contains tree-ring data from plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera), narrowleaf cottonwood (Populus angustifolia) and their hybrids collected from floodplains within the Wind River Indian Reservation, Wyoming in 2017 and 2018. Samples were collected from trees at three sites: the Wind River upstream of Boysen Reservoir (latitude 43.127 N, longitude -108.232 W), the WiPhotographs Showing Change in Riparian Vegetation in the Grand Canyon, 1889, 1991, 2010 and other years
The viewpoints were first photographed by Stanton in 1889, and then re-photographed in about 1991, 2010 and sometimes other years. This set of photos focuses on change in riparian vegetation and partially overlaps a larger set of Stanton viewpoints re-photographed by Webb and others and available at http://wwwpaztcn.wr.usgs.gov/fscc/stanton-repeat-photography/index.php. The file of descriptive infShapefiles and Historical Aerial Photographs, Little Missouri River, 1939-2010
The data archive contains the aerial photographs and channel delineations used in our analysis. The images have been geo-referenced to the 1995 digital orthophoto quarter quadrangles as described by Miller and Friedman (2009). The separate images for each year can be viewed as a composite along with that year's channel delineation using a geographic information system (GIS). The 2003 IKONOS satellCottonwood Management at Theodore Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota
This data release consists of the following components: Sex ratio data from cottonwood trees at random points on the floodplain in the North and South units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park, ND. These data were used to investigate the effects of age, height above, and distance from the channel on mortality of male and female trees of plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) as dChaco Canyon 1930s and 2000 geospatial data
A study of arroyo evolution in northern New Mexico (Friedman and others, 2015) assessed geomorphic change in the Chaco Wash arroyo from the 1930s to 2000. As part of this study, in October 2000 a trench was excavated across the arroyo bottom and a high-precision (Real-time kinematic) GPS survey was conducted. GPS survey data were used to georeference a 1930s topographic map and to identify key geoMean of the Top Ten Percent of NDVI Values in the Yuma Proving Ground during Monsoon Season, 1986-2011
This study uses growth in vegetation during the monsoon season measured from LANDSAT imagery as a proxy for measured rainfall. NDVI values from 26 years of pre- and post-monsoon season Landsat imagery were derived across Yuma Proving Ground (YPG) in southwestern Arizona, USA. The LANDSAT imagery (1986-2011) was downloaded from USGSs GlobeVis website (http://glovis.usgs.gov/). Change in NDVI was ca - Multimedia
- Publications
Filter Total Items: 87
Putting down roots: Afforestation and bank cohesion of Icelandic Rivers
Riparian vegetation is widely recognized as a critical component of functioning fluvial systems. Human pressures on woody vegetation including riparian areas have had lasting effects, especially at high latitude. In Iceland, prior to human settlement, native downy birch woodlands covered approximately 15%–40% of the land area compared to 1%–2% today. Afforestation efforts include planting seedlingAuthorsSara L. Rathburn, Prostur Eysteinsson, Þorsteinn Sæmundsson, John T. Kemper, Celeste D. Wieting, Jonathan M. FriedmanNo evidence for cottonwood forest decline along a flow-augmented western U.S. river
In contrast to many other arid region rivers, streamflow in the South Platte River is heavily augmented by trans-basin water imports and irrigation return flows. Hydrological changes began in the 1880s, resulting in channel narrowing and the development of a continuous Populus-Salix forest by the mid-twentieth century. We assessed the composition, structure and regeneration status of the riparianAuthorsCetan Christensen, Gabrielle L. Katz, J. M. Friedman, Miranda D. Redmond, Andrew S. NortonRiver channel response to invasive plant treatment across the American Southwest
Invasive riparian plants were introduced to the American Southwest in the early 19th century and contributed to regional trends of decreasing river channel width and migration rate in the 20th century. More recently, efforts to remove invasive riparian vegetation (IRV) have been widespread, especially since 1990. To what extent has IRV treatment reversed the earlier trend of channel narrowing andAuthorsCeleste Wieting, J. M. Friedman, Sara L. RathburnLocal groundwater decline exacerbates response of dryland riparian woodlands to climatic drought
Dryland riparian woodlands are considered to be locally buffered from droughts by shallow and stable groundwater levels. However, climate change is causing more frequent and severe drought events, accompanied by warmer temperatures, collectively threatening the persistence of these groundwater dependent ecosystems through a combination of increasing evaporative demand and decreasing groundwater suAuthorsJared Williams, John C Stella, Steven L. Voelker, Adam M Lambert, Lissa Pelletier, John E Drake, Jonathan M. Friedman, Dar A. Roberts, Michael B. SingerResponse of riparian vegetation to short- and long-term hydrologic variation
Increasing demand for river water now conflicts with an increasing desire to maintain riparian ecosystems. Efficiently managing river flows for riparian vegetation requires an understanding of the time scale of flow effects, but this information is limited by the absence of long-term studies of vegetation change in response to flow variation. To investigate the influence of short- and long-term flAuthorsJ. M. Friedman, Abigail M. Eurich, Gregor T. Auble, Michael L. Scott, Patrick B. Shafroth, Polly P GibsonRiparian forest productivity decline initiated by streamflow diversion then amplified by atmospheric drought 40 years later
Riparian trees and their annual growth rings can be used to reconstruct drought histories related to streamflow. Because the death of individual trees reduces competition for survivors, however, tree-ring chronologies based only on surviving trees may underestimate drought impacts. This problem can be addressed by calculating productivity at the stand scale to account for tree mortality and establAuthorsDerek M. Schook, J. M. Friedman, Jamie D. Hoover, Steven E. Rice, Richard D. Thaxton, David J. CooperFingerprinting historical tributary contributions to floodplain sediment using bulk geochemistry
Sediment deposition on floodplains is essential for the development and maintenance of riparian ecosystems. Upstream erosion is known to influence downstream floodplain construction, but linking these disparate processes is challenging, especially over large spatial and temporal scales. Sediment fingerprinting is thus a robust tool to establish process linkages between downstream floodplain develoAuthorsJohn T. Kemper, Sara L. Rathburn, J. M. Friedman, John M. Nelson, Erich R. Mueller, Kirk R VincentFrom flowering to foliage: Accelerometers track tree sway to provide high-resolution insights into tree phenology
Trees are bioindicators of global climate change and regional urbanization, but available monitoring tools are ineffective for fine-scale observation of many species. Using six accelerometers mounted on two urban ash trees (Fraxinus americana), we looked at high-frequency tree vibrations, or change in periodicity of tree sway as a proxy for mass changes, to infer seasonal patterns of flowering andAuthorsDeidre M. Jaeger, A. M. C. Looze, M. S. Raleigh, Brian W. Miller, J. M. Friedman, C. A. WessmanThe effects of requested flows for native fish on sediment dynamics, geomorphology, and riparian vegetation for the Green River in Canyonlands National Park, Utah
Releases of water from Flaming Gorge Dam together with climate-related variations in runoff determine the streamflow regime of the Green River, which affects the physical characteristics of the channel and riparian ecosystem of the Green River corridor in Canyonlands National Park. The dam has decreased peak streamflows and raised base streamflows, resulting in vegetation encroachment and channelAuthorsPaul E. Grams, Jonathan M. Friedman, David Dean, David J. ToppingHistorical and paleoflood analyses for probabilistic flood-hazard assessments—Approaches and review guidelines
Paleoflood studies are an effective means of providing specific information on the recurrence and magnitude of rare and large floods. Such information can be combined with systematic flood measurements to better assess the frequency of large floods. Paleoflood data also provide valuable information about the linkages among climate, land use, flood-hazard assessments, and channel morphology. This dAuthorsTessa M. Harden, Karen R. Ryberg, Jim E. O'Connor, Jonathan M. Friedman, Julie E. KiangSediment-ecological connectivity in a large river network
Sediment eroded from the headwaters of a large basin strongly influences channels and ecosystems far downstream, but the connection is often difficult to trace. Disturbance-dependent riparian trees are thought to rely primarily on floods for formation of the sand bars necessary for seedling establishment, but pulses of sediment should also promote formation of such features. In order to expand undAuthorsJohn T. Kemper, R. D. Thaxton, Sara L. Rathburn, J. M. Friedman, Erich R. Mueller, Michael L. ScottCottonwoods, water, and people-Integrating analysis of tree rings with observations of elders from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming
We assessed the history of flow and riparian ecosystem change along the Wind River using cottonwood tree-ring data, streamgage records, historical temperature and precipitation data, drought indices, and local observations and Traditional Ecological Knowledge from elders of the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes of the Wind River Reservation, Wyoming. This assessment identified impacts tAuthorsShannon M. McNeeley, Jonathan M. Friedman, Tyler A. Beeton, Richard D. ThaxtonNon-USGS Publications**
Friedman, J.M., M.L. Scott, and W.M. Lewis, Jr. 1995. Restoration of riparian forest using irrigation, artificial disturbance, and natural seedfall. Environmental Management. 19(4): 547-5.Auble, G.T., J.M. Friedman, and M.L. Scott. 1996. Test of a hydroperiod relation to predict changes in riparian vegetation. From big rivers to small streams. Kansas City, Missouri: Society of Wetland Scientists. p. 25-26.Friedman, J.M., G.T. Auble, and M.L. Scott. 1995. Geomorphic requirements for establishment and maintenance of cottonwood forest. Proceedings of the 46th annual meeting of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Forestry Committee. Great Plains Agricultural Council Publication No. 149. Manhattan, KS: Great Plains Agricultural Council. p. 80-88.
Friedman, J.M., M.L. Scott, G.T. Auble, and L.S. Ischinger. 1995. Plains cottonwood regenerates from natural seedfall on disturbed, irrigated sites. NBS Information Bulletin. Washington, DC: National Biological Service. 3 p.Auble, G.T., J.M. Friedman, and M.L. Scott. 1995. Regeneration processes and conservation of riparian forests in the Great Plains. Proceedings of the biodiversity conservation strategies for the Great Plains symposium. Austin, TX: The Nature Conservancy. p. 36-37.Auble, G.T., J.M. Friedman, M.L. Scott, and L.S. Ischinger. 1994. Geomorphic processes determine instream flow effects on cottonwood regeneration. NBS Information Bulletin 83. Washington, DC: U.S. Geological Survey. 1-3 p.Auble, G.T., M.L. Scott, J.M. Friedman, and L.S. Ischinger. 1994. Modeling effects of flow alteration on riparian vegetation. Research Information Bulletin 65. Washington, DC: National Biological Survey. 3 p.Shafroth, P.B., J.M. Friedman, and L.S. Ischinger. 1994. River salinity has little influence on establishment of cottonwood and saltcedar. Research Information Bulletin 94-95. NBS Information Bulletin.**Disclaimer: The views expressed in Non-USGS publications are those of the author and do not represent the views of the USGS, Department of the Interior, or the U.S. Government.
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*Disclaimer: Listing outside positions with professional scientific organizations on this Staff Profile are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an endorsement of those professional scientific organizations or their activities by the USGS, Department of the Interior, or U.S. Government