Articles

This study investigates the influence of soil relative density on strike-slip surface fault rupture manifestations using three-dimensional numerical simulations performed with the discrete element method (DEM). The simulations capture the formation of distinctive fault strands within complex flower structures using tens of millions of grains. The tendency for dense soils to localize...

Field assessments and laboratory studies have demonstrated that mayflies (Ephemeroptera) are relatively sensitive to increased concentrations of major geochemical ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−/CO32-), but much remains to be learned about potential mechanisms of toxicity. In the present study, we sought to determine whether solution osmolarity is sufficient to predict the...

On November 27, 2022, Mauna Loa erupted for the first time in 38 years, threatening a major highway on the Island of Hawaiʻi. The opening phases of the eruption were focused at the volcano’s summit, before magma propagated into the upper Northeast Rift Zone to erupt at four fissure segments that localized at fissure 3 by December 2. This fissure produced a braided ʻaʻā flow that...

Advances in near-real-time forecasts of lava flow advance rates, final travel distance, and areal coverage are transforming hazard response, particularly in locations such as Hawaiʻi that experience frequent lava flow activity. The most severe threats are posed by rapidly advancing channelized ʻaʻā flows, such as those that characterized the November–December 2022 eruption of Mauna Loa...

Introduction

Reliable estimates of debris-flow volume can be used to help predict the magnitude of debris-flow hazards following wildfire in the western United States. In this study, we compiled and used a database of 227 postfire debris-flow volumes that were collected across the western United States to develop a multiple linear regression model for predicting postfire debris-flow volume. We...

Rapid global acceleration in the construction of physical barriers along international borders has greatly influenced biodiversity and animal movement. Physical barriers can fragment landscapes, hinder access to essential resources, impact long-distance migrations, and inhibit dispersal and gene flow. The effects of physical barriers on animal movement and landscape connectivity can be...

Our findings suggest that the influence of dwelling beavers on large wood budgets may substantially determine the structure and function of medium to large rivers, particularly in dryland systems such as the White River. Recognizing the role of bank-dwelling beavers expands our understanding of biotic drivers of riverscape complexity and provides new opportunities to integrate ecology...

Provenance analysis is a powerful tool for investigating sediment delivery networks, constraining magmatic histories, and reconstructing the tectonic evolution of orogenic belts and basins. Basin analysis studies increasingly use detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb forward mixture modeling to enhance provenance interpretations by quantifying the relative contributions of different sources. Forward...

Pesticides in freshwater systems can compromise water availability by degrading water quality, with implications for human health and aquatic life. Despite recognition of the need for national-scale monitoring and analysis, few studies have documented long-term trends in surface water pesticide contamination across the US. This study addresses that need by analyzing temporal trends and...

Communication allows social species to exchange information among group members. In aquatic environments, acoustic signals are among the most effective forms of communication and are important for many species, including cetaceans. Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are highly social and vocal, yet little is known about the functionality of their social calls. To examine context...

Sub-bottom profiler images taken from the summit plateau of the Atlantis II Seamount reveal distinct seabed stratigraphy, including marine sediment, limestone, and basalt layers. Acoustic reflection data also show arrivals reflecting from this sub-bottom structure. A wavenumber integration model with elastic geoacoustic properties is able to reproduce the arrival pattern of seabed...