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Image shows a side view of a roadway with a large crack in it
Earthquake Damage on California Hwy. 178
Earthquake Damage on California Hwy. 178
Earthquake Damage on California Hwy. 178

California State Route 178, showing cracks due to fault offsets following the Magnitude 6.4 earthquake that struck Searles Valley on July 4, 2019.

California State Route 178, showing cracks due to fault offsets following the Magnitude 6.4 earthquake that struck Searles Valley on July 4, 2019.

Image shows a crack in the ground with a tape measure over it
Surface Rupture from Fault
Surface Rupture from Fault
Surface Rupture from Fault

On July 4, 2019, a Magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck Searles Valley, CA. This photo provides likely evidence that the fault that hosted the earthquake ruptured to the ground surface.

On July 4, 2019, a Magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck Searles Valley, CA. This photo provides likely evidence that the fault that hosted the earthquake ruptured to the ground surface.

Image shows a crack in the ground with a truck in the background
Surface Rupture from Fault
Surface Rupture from Fault
Surface Rupture from Fault

On July 4, 2019, a Magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck Searles Valley, CA. This photo provides likely evidence that the fault that hosted the earthquake ruptured to the ground surface.

On July 4, 2019, a Magnitude 6.4 earthquake struck Searles Valley, CA. This photo provides likely evidence that the fault that hosted the earthquake ruptured to the ground surface.

stark landscape with a rip going across the surface from front to back
Moletrack crossing China Lake dry lake bed
Moletrack crossing China Lake dry lake bed
Moletrack crossing China Lake dry lake bed

Moletrack crossing China Lake dry lake bed after Ridgecrest earthquake in July of 2019.

Moletrack crossing China Lake dry lake bed after Ridgecrest earthquake in July of 2019.

three people crouching down next to a long offset cut in the ground
Ridgecrest Earthquake - Documenting Ruptures
Ridgecrest Earthquake - Documenting Ruptures
Ridgecrest Earthquake - Documenting Ruptures

Belle Philibosian working with Gordon Seitz (CGS) and Stephan Bock (NAWS) to document surface ruptures of the M7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake, July 2019.

Belle Philibosian working with Gordon Seitz (CGS) and Stephan Bock (NAWS) to document surface ruptures of the M7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake, July 2019.

crumbling house on grassy field
Palu Earthquake Damage to House from Liquefaction
Palu Earthquake Damage to House from Liquefaction
Palu Earthquake Damage to House from Liquefaction

House destroyed by Palu earthquake-induced liquefaction. Note standing water which indicates a nearly surface-level water table that contributed to the widespread liquefaction.

House destroyed by Palu earthquake-induced liquefaction. Note standing water which indicates a nearly surface-level water table that contributed to the widespread liquefaction.

Lidar point cloud, zoom in
3DEP, Lidar point cloud, Pre-Hurricane Maria
3DEP, Lidar point cloud, Pre-Hurricane Maria
3DEP, Lidar point cloud, Pre-Hurricane Maria

Figure 2: Zooming in to red rectangle A from figure 1. Points colored by laser intensity (blue = low intensity, red = high intensity).

Figure 2: Zooming in to red rectangle A from figure 1. Points colored by laser intensity (blue = low intensity, red = high intensity).

city skyline at night with tall buildings and bridge in left foreground lit up
The Bay Bridge and the Oakland city skyline
The Bay Bridge and the Oakland city skyline
The Bay Bridge and the Oakland city skyline

The nighttime Oakland city skyline as seen from San Francisco with the Bay Bridge in the foreground

The nighttime Oakland city skyline as seen from San Francisco with the Bay Bridge in the foreground

A USGS technician services a ShakeAlert sensor station in the San Francisco Bay area
ShakeAlert sensor station being serviced by USGS personnel
ShakeAlert sensor station being serviced by USGS personnel
ShakeAlert sensor station being serviced by USGS personnel

A USGS electronics technician performs maintenance on a ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) sensor station, located in the San Francisco Bay Area. ShakeAlert station components include strong-motion accelerometers, solar panel and battery power systems, and communications & telemetry equipment for communication with the wider ShakeAlert network. 

A USGS electronics technician performs maintenance on a ShakeAlert Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) sensor station, located in the San Francisco Bay Area. ShakeAlert station components include strong-motion accelerometers, solar panel and battery power systems, and communications & telemetry equipment for communication with the wider ShakeAlert network. 

Two oceanographers look at a coral core stored in a wooden box
Coral cores like this one reveal geologic history of Keys reefs
Coral cores like this one reveal geologic history of Keys reefs
Coral cores like this one reveal geologic history of Keys reefs

USGS Research Oceanographer Lauren Toth and Oceanographer Anastasios Stathakopoulos study a coral-reef core in the USGS’s Core Archive in St. Petersburg, Florida. Photo: Dominique Gallery, USGS.

USGS Research Oceanographer Lauren Toth and Oceanographer Anastasios Stathakopoulos study a coral-reef core in the USGS’s Core Archive in St. Petersburg, Florida. Photo: Dominique Gallery, USGS.

A coral worn smooth with a badly eroded base
Erosion has taken a toll on this Keys coral
Erosion has taken a toll on this Keys coral
Erosion has taken a toll on this Keys coral

A reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary with little living coral and extensive bioerosion. Photo taken under research permit number FKNMS-2016-085-A1. Credit: USGS, Ilsa Kuffner.

A reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary with little living coral and extensive bioerosion. Photo taken under research permit number FKNMS-2016-085-A1. Credit: USGS, Ilsa Kuffner.

city skyline with tall buildings lit up at night and bridge in left foreground
The Bay Bridge and the Oakland city skyline
The Bay Bridge and the Oakland city skyline
The Bay Bridge and the Oakland city skyline

The nighttime Oakland city skyline as seen from San Francisco with the Bay Bridge in the foreground

The nighttime Oakland city skyline as seen from San Francisco with the Bay Bridge in the foreground

A coral worn smooth by erosion
Like many Keys corals, this one has no new growth
Like many Keys corals, this one has no new growth
Like many Keys corals, this one has no new growth

A modern coral reef in Dry Tortugas National Park. There is little living coral and high rates of bioerosion. Photo taken under research permit number DRTO-2018-SCI-0005. Credit: Lauren Toth, USGS

A modern coral reef in Dry Tortugas National Park. There is little living coral and high rates of bioerosion. Photo taken under research permit number DRTO-2018-SCI-0005. Credit: Lauren Toth, USGS

person with white hardhat in the bottom of a narrow trench supported by metal bars
Trench Across West Napa Fault, California
Trench Across West Napa Fault, California
Trench Across West Napa Fault, California

Belle Philibosian in a trench investigating the West Napa Fault near St. Helena, California, August 2017.

Belle Philibosian in a trench investigating the West Napa Fault near St. Helena, California, August 2017.

Comparison maps indicating short or long times available for earthquake shaking arrival times
Earthquake Alerts: Early and Often? Or Possibly Late?
Earthquake Alerts: Early and Often? Or Possibly Late?
Earthquake Alerts: Early and Often? Or Possibly Late?

The choice when issuing earthquake warnings is to: 1) issue alerts for weak shaking and potentially provide long warning times, but risk sending alerts for the many events that do not go on to produce damaging ground shaking, or 2) issue alerts only when ground shaking is expected to be damaging, with the tradeoff that the alert will be sent much later, reducing

The choice when issuing earthquake warnings is to: 1) issue alerts for weak shaking and potentially provide long warning times, but risk sending alerts for the many events that do not go on to produce damaging ground shaking, or 2) issue alerts only when ground shaking is expected to be damaging, with the tradeoff that the alert will be sent much later, reducing

Montecito after debris flow
Montecito after debris flow
Montecito after debris flow
Montecito after debris flow

The Dec. 4, 2017 Thomas fire, Southern California's largest wildfire on record, burned more than 280,000 acres across Ventura and Santa Barbara counties for nearly a month.

The Dec. 4, 2017 Thomas fire, Southern California's largest wildfire on record, burned more than 280,000 acres across Ventura and Santa Barbara counties for nearly a month.

Boulder in debris flow
Geologists assess scene after debris flow
Geologists assess scene after debris flow
Geologists assess scene after debris flow

Geologists assess boulders displaced during the Montecito debris flow event on Jan. 9, 2018.  

Geologists assess boulders displaced during the Montecito debris flow event on Jan. 9, 2018.  

Pool warning sign
Pool sign warns first responders
Pool sign warns first responders
Pool sign warns first responders

Swimming pool sign spray-painted to warn first responders and others to be careful around the potentially dangerous area. 

Swimming pool sign spray-painted to warn first responders and others to be careful around the potentially dangerous area. 

Geologists assess debris flow
Geologists assess damage after debris-flow event
Geologists assess damage after debris-flow event
Geologists assess damage after debris-flow event

USGS geologists deployed to Santa Barbara County to support a geohazard assessment of the Montecito area

USGS geologists deployed to Santa Barbara County to support a geohazard assessment of the Montecito area

Map of Active Faults and Historic Earthquakes in California
California Seismicity
California Seismicity
California Seismicity

Map of historic seismicity, major faults, and paleoseismic summary of San Andreas Fault system.

Map of historic seismicity, major faults, and paleoseismic summary of San Andreas Fault system.

Cleaning the trench
Teton Fault
Teton Fault
Teton Fault

Mark, Nicole, Rich, Ryan, Dean taking out the "trash" from the base of the trench.

Mark, Nicole, Rich, Ryan, Dean taking out the "trash" from the base of the trench.